• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2023

Objectives: This study examined the association between the experience of disease management education and the use of nutrition labels according to the sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors of people diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes living in the community. Methods: Among the participants from the Community Health Survey (2018), 74,283 individuals diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes were included in the study population. According to gender, this study evaluated nutrition label use by the experience of disease management education, individual sociodemographic characteristics, and health behavior. Finally, using multiple logistic regression analysis, the association between disease management education and nutrition labels was calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Males (24.5%) experienced more disease management education than females (22.6%). In addition, younger age, higher education level, and higher equalized personal income experienced more disease management education (P < 0.001). The educational experience rate was higher in the male subjects who did not smoke or were involved in high-risk alcohol consumption (P < 0.001). In addition, the rate of disease management education experience was significantly higher for both men and women who exercised by walking (P < 0.001). The use of nutrition labels was higher in females (9.9%) than males (5.8%), and both males and females were significantly higher in young age, high education, high income, and professional and office positions (P < 0.001). The utilization rate of nutrition labels was high in non-smoking male subjects and high-risk-drinking female subjects. In addition, the utilization rate of nutrition labels was significantly higher in males and females who exercised by walking and those who experienced disease management education (P < 0.001). After adjusting for individual sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior, and disease management education, the use of nutrition labels was high among females (OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.85-3.58), high income (Q4; OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.41-1.87, Q5; OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.37-1.84) and highly educated (high school; OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.62-3.14, above college; OR 5.60, 95% CI 5.02-6.23) while it was low in the elderly (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.40-0.47), and economically inactive (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0.96). The use of nutrition labels was high in non-smokers (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.48), nonhigh-risk drinkers (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38), and subjects who exercised walking (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.34-1.54). There was no difference in the utilization rate of nutrition labels according to obesity, and the utilization rate of nutrition labels was significantly higher in subjects who had experienced disease education (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24-1.44). Conclusions: Education on the use of nutrition labels, which contributes to food selection for healthy eating, might be a tool for dietary management. Moreover, the utilization rate can be a good indicator for predicting the proportion of the population practicing the guide for disease management. Improving the utilization rate of nutrition labels through disease management education can be a useful intervention for people with chronic diseases who need healthy eating habits for disease management and preventing complications, particularly those diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

본 연구는 고령자들의 건강검진행동과 인구사회학적 및 일상생활습관의 여러 기본요인들과의 관련성에 대해서 사회적 배경이 다른 도시와 농촌지역간의 차이 및 남녀간의 차이를 검토하고자 하였다. 조사대상은 도시지역과 농촌지역으로 구분하여 층화집략무작위추출(stratified cluster random sampling)에 의하여 도시지역 236명, 농촌지역 228명 합계 464명을 추출하여 면접조사 하였다. 조사내용은 조사대상의 인구사회학적 특성, 일상생활승관, 주관적인 건강상태 및 의료이용상황, 청력, 시력 및 일상생활수행동작(ADL), 건강검진 수진여부 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 조사대상자의 건강검진 수진율을 보면 도시지역은 남자가 54.5%, 여자가 46.9% 농촌지역은 남자가 59.8%, 여자가 42.7%로 도시 농촌 모두 남자가 여자보다 높은 수진율을 보였다. 남자에서의 수진자군은 비수진자군에 비해 자택 소요군, 비흡연군, 음주 중단군, 만성질환이 있는 군, 식생활습관이 좋은 군에서 높았다. 여자에서의 수진자군은 비수진자군에 비해 저연령군, 부부동거군, 자택소유군, 식생활습관이 좋은 군, 최근 3개월간 외래진료를 받은군, 건강에 대해 불안감을 갖고 있는군, 요실금이 있는 군에서 높았다. 지역별수진자군과 비수진자군의 차이는 연령, 가족유형, 현재하고 있는 일, 가게 월수입, 주택소유상황, 음주여부, 식생활습관, 관적인 건강상태, 최근 3개월간의 외래진료 유무, 건강에 대한 불안감 유무 IADL 상태 등이 항목에서 도시 농촌지역간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다변량회귀분석 결과 건강검진 수진행동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 도시지역의 경우 주택 소유여부, 단골의사 여부, 건망증 및 요실금 여부, 만성질환 유무 등이 선정되었으며 농촌지역의 경우는 단골의사 여부, 뇨실금 여부, 건강불안, 하력, 주택소유여부, 만성질환 유무 등이 선정되었다. 결론적으로 고령자들에서의 건강검진행동은 개인의 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 다양한 차이를 보이는 것은 물론, 이들의 일상생활습관, 주관적인 건강상태, 건강검진수진상황, 신체적 건강상태 및 ADL상태 등에 따라서도 많은 차이를 보이게 됨으로 향후 건강검진계획에는 이 같은 변수를 고려할 것이 요망되며, 또한 지역적인 특성을 고려할 필요가 있을 것으로 본다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.416-430
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 서울시 일부 취약계층 노인을 대상으로 맞춤형 영양교육과 보충식품으로 구성된 영양꾸러미를 제공하여 식품안정성 확보와 건강·영양 상태 개선에 대한 효과를 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자는 서울시 일부 자치구 내 방문건강관리사업 대상자 중 65세 이상 노인 372명이었다. 맞춤형 영양중재 프로그램은 맞춤 영양교육과 보충식품 제공인 2가지 요소로 구성되었고, 영양중재는 약 4개월간 이루어졌다. 프로그램 효과평가를 위해서 식품 및 영양소 섭취량, 식품안정성, 빈혈 여부, 간이영양평가도구 (MNA)를 활용한 영양불량 여부, 만성 질환관리 수준, 허약 여부가 조사되었다. 영양중재 프로그램 참여 이후, 대상자의 모든 영양소 섭취량이 프로그램 참여 이후 유의적으로 증가하였고 권장섭취기준 대비 50%에 미치지 못했던 대부분의 영양소 섭취는 프로그램 참여 이후 50%를 넘게 섭취하였다. 프로그램 참여 이전 모든 대상자가 식품불안정 상태였으나 프로그램 참여 이후 37.1%가 식품안정성을 확보하였다. 영양 상태에서는 불량과 위험은 감소하였고, 정상이 0%에서 29.8%로 증가하였으며, 빈혈에서는 정상이 18.7%에서 28.5%로 증가하였다. 또한, 질환관리 수준에서는 정기 및 집중관리 수준의 대상자 비율은 감소하였고, 자기역량 관리 수준이 0%에서 4.6% 증가하였으며, 허약 상태에서는 허약 및 허약 위험 비율은 감소한 반면, 정상 비율이 0%에서 9.7% 증가하였다. 연령별로 분석하였을 때, 80세 이상의 고령인 노인일수록 특히 만성질환수준의 관리와 허약 수준에 대한 개선이 미비한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 대상자는 질환을 갖고 있는 방문건강관리사업의 대상자로 경제적으로나 건강상태로나 매우 취약한 대상자로서 이들의 질환이 더 악화되지 않도록 유지하거나 개선시키는 부분은 매우 중요하며, 본 연구는 대상자들의 질환 관리 및 영양상태 개선을 위하여 질환별 보충식품의 제공 및 영양교육 등의 전문적인 관리를 통해서 영양 상태 향상뿐만 아니라 질환 개선까지의 가능성도 보여주었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.401-415
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• 2014

To prepare for the changes in the future, this study considered people in their seventies and eighties in rural areas in the last decade. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, all factors were analyzed using SAS ver. 9.3. The rate of rice farming decreased, and vegetable-cultivation increased from 8.4% in 2001 to and 26.6% in 2008 for people in their seventies and eighties. The number of family members decreased to 1.96 in 2010 from 2.04 in 2001, and annual income increased by KRW 20-29 million for those in their seventies and eighties, whereas it was more than KRW 30 million for those in their forties. Bathing with warm water increased to 88.9% from 69.8%, and household waste treated by self-incineration decreased from 86.4% to 40.0% in the last decade. Separate collection spread since 2008. Food waste disposal and the burial (46.0%) showed had for people in their seventies and eighties, and animal feed increased (50.7%) for those in their forties at 2001. The separate collection increased by 39.6% in 2010 for those in their seventies and eighties and by 53.5% for those in their forties(p<0.05). The manufacture of jang and kimchi showed were little annual changes for people in their seventies and eighties. Food storage processing was higher for those in their forties. For those in their seventies and eighties, food group intake over the 2004-2010 period increased from 3.3 times a week to 4.2 times a week for protein foods and from 4.9 times a week to 5.5 times a week for vegetables. There was no change in fruits, milk, and seaweeds for those in their seventies and eighties, but there was an increase for those in their forties. The results suggest the continued increase in the manufacture of jang and kimchi and protein and vegetable intake for those in their seventies and eighties. Some direction to welfare, mechanized rice planting and living with neighbors together would be continued with good nutrition for elderly residents.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.136-160
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• 2005

Before introducing the national long-term care insurance in 2008, the want for long term care service has to be estimated and analysed. This study estimates the demand and analyses what determines the want of long term care service. This study investigated data of 3f6 elderlies, that was collected by age stratified random sampling. The elderies resided in Onyang 4 - dong (urban area) and Dogo-myun (rural area) In the city of Asan. The researchers visited the elderlies and their care giver, and assessed their demand for the long term care service and examined physical, mental, socio-economic status by the assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System. $64\%$ of the those who are entitled to be served refuse the long term care service. $26.7\%$ of them wants for home care service and $7.9\%$ want facility care service. It is estimated that the want of home care service are three or four times as much as that of facility care service. The demand for long term care service is 5.155 times higher for those who live in rural area (p=0.000), 3.040 times higher for those who do not have spouse(p=0.057), and 3.356 times higher for the people who is in medicaid than medical insurance(p=0.029). However, income(p=0.782), means(p=0.614), living alone(p=0.223), number of family to live with (p=0.341) and age of the elderly(p=0.420) are not related with the demand of long term care service. The assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System for need evaluation of the long term care service can reflect the demand well.(p=0.024) If medical care will cover $80\%$ of total cost, the willingness to pay of the out of pocket money of the people with medical insurance is 67,400 Korean Won(66.77 US$) for the home care service and 182,500 Korean Won(180.78 US$) for the facility care service. There is possibility that long term care demand is still small after Introducing the long term care Insurance due to the care given by family members. When developing service delivery system of long term care insurance, rural area has to be given more consideration than urban area because of the higher demand. The people who do not have spouse or are in medicaid have to be given special consideration as well.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.344-356
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• 2009

To identify subjective health status of senior citizens' oral health following senior citizens' general characteristics and knowledge and behavior for the oral hygiene, this research conducted individual interview with 237 senior citizens in some parts of Seoul. The results are as follows. 1. Degree of senior citizens' knowledge on the oral hygiene is about Middle. Among the categories on the senior citizens' knowledge on the oral hygiene, teeth's brushing was the highest while knowledge on fluorine was the lowest. 2. Senior citizens who feel that their oral health is healthy when it comes to the subjective health state of senior citizens' oral health following behavior for the oral hygiene, brush their teeth, three times in a day, for more than three minutes (p<.01). Moreover, senior citizens who feel that their oral health is healthy brush different corners of the tongue when brushing (p<.01). 3. In case of knowledge on the oral hygiene following general characteristics, knowledge on the oral hygiene was higher when economic status was higher (p<.01). In case of living expenses, knowledge on the oral hygiene was higher for the senior citizens with pay or income (p<.01). 4. In case of behavior for the oral hygiene, women tended to act for the oral hygiene more than men. As for the method for raising living expenses, senior citizens who receive basic social security check or those at the highest tier tended to act less for the oral hygiene (p<.01). 5. Senior citizens who answered that their oral health is healthy when it comes to the subjective health state of senior citizens' oral cavity tended to have high knowledge on the oral hygiene (p<.01). In conclusion, subjective health status of senior citizens' oral health is higher when the knowledge on the oral hygiene and behavior for the oral hygiene are higher. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop and execute oral hygiene training program to change senior citizens' behavior incrementally and the dental hygienists who can conduct this training should be actively attracted into the senior citizens' oral hygiene training.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.895-908
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine female baby boomers' dietary habits and their attitudes together with their needs for future perspectives of dietary life. Our aim is to use these findings as a basic data when forecasting for food-related industries or policy making. A survey is being carried out for a total of 358 female baby boomers and analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The following is a summary of this study. The average age is 52.6 years old, most of them graduated from highschool (63.1%) and had a nuclear type of family (76.1%). Only 39.0% is composed of housewives, others had either full-time or part-time jobs. Self-assessment of stress is not so high and only 8.1% are dissatisfied with their lives. 38.2% are either overweight or obese in terms of BMI, and most of them are non-smokers (97.2%) or non-drinkers (63.0%). Their mean dietary habit scores are $70.6{\pm}11.8$, and the scores show significant relations with their education levels (p<0.01), monthly income (p<0.01), life satisfaction rates (p<0.001), stress levels (p<0.001), smoking habits (p<0.05), drinking habits (p<0.05), regular exercises (p<0.001) and regular health check-ups (p<0.05). The rate of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner are 18.2%, 1.1%, 5.2% respectively. The main reason for skipping breakfast is the 'lack of time'. With regards to the frequency of grocery shopping, almost half of the subjects (55.7%) said '1~2 times per week' and bought mainly raw food sources such as vegetables, fruits, and meats. The majority of the subjects (91.3%) report that they cooked meals at homes, and took about 1 hour of time. The subjects also point out that cooking was a bothering task, and only 46.4% would prepare meals at home, while others would rather eat out or eat convenience foods. The main reasons for not wanting meal services in the elderly welfare facility are because they didn't want to live such places (48.4%) and the meals are tasteless (31.3%). As for delivery meal services, 60.1% are aware of it, and 39.9% would consider using it in the future. Factors to be considered when using the delivery meal service are sanitation (43.7%), nutrition (28.7%), taste (18.4%), price (6.3%), and brand name (2.9%). This study is expected to be used as useful information when developing food-related strategies for baby boomers in the future.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the valid data about residential-linked pension insurance development. The development was a part of national housing projects, which was an incentive for rural living of retired people, in order to relieve residential issues of elderly and revitalize rural communities by residents moving from cities. The insuring intent, decisive insuring factors and the residential service demand degree of people preparing retirement were analyzed. Data was collected in October, 2007. 364 Sample Subjects lived in Seoul Metropolitan area. Firstly, more than 90% of respondents had intention to purchase a residential-linked pension insurance and about 50% of them necessarily desired receiving premium for moving in. This indicated that it could be developed as an insurance which helped to meet housing expenses by housing-linked system, and in the mean time, it met the original purpose of pension insurance as the pension benefit could be guaranteed for all the insurance subscribers. Secondly, the respondents, whose income and private assets were higher, were able to pay more for insurance compared to average. Therefore, It was necessary to regulate monthly insurance bill and the payment period according to asset states of insurance subscribers after establishing certain amount of total insurance payment. Thirdly, by and large, it indicated the tendency that the less they prepare for older age the later they wanted to move into the pension insurance residence. It was inferred that in the case of insufficient preparation for older age, people preferred preparing behind time by postponing move in to moving in early to enjoy retired life, due to uncertainties. lastly, the respondents understood the significance of health, medical treatment and emergency management service and these two services were preferred as essential provided services. Because of the necessity of developing residential-linked pension insurance was found to be positive, further research to find the real cost, directives for operation and institutional support for this type of pension insurance might be needed.

• 한국인구학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.37-57
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• 1998

이 논문은 통계청의 연구비지원으로 수행한 연구인 ‘여성인구의 특성 및 변화’의 일부로서, 인구학회와 통계청이 공동으로 개최한 <인구변화와 한국사회의 미래변화에 대한 세미나>에서 발표한 논문을 수정한 것이다. 여성의 인구구조는 지역간의 인구이동에도 불구하고 지역별로 상당히 다르고, 여성의 경제활동상태와 취업구조 또한 지역별 산업구조의 차이로 인해서 지역간에 상당한 차이를 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지금까지 지역별 여성의 인구구조와 취업구조의 차이에 대한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않고, 지방정부 또한 지역여성인구에 대한 특성을 제대로 파악하지 못하고 있다. 그 결과 지방정부가 수립${\cdot}$시행하고 있는 여성정책들의 실효성과 효율성은 상당히 낮은 것으로 평가되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 <인구주택총조사> 2% 표본자료의 기술적인 분석(descriptive analysis)을 통해서, 지역별 여성의 인구구조, 경제활동상태, 취업구조 등에 대한 개괄적인 현황을 파악하고, 향후 지방정부의 여성정책에 대한 기본적인 방향을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.38-59
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• 2017

Objectives: Few attempts have been made to develop a generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument and to examine its validity and reliability in Korea. We aimed to do this in our present study. Methods: After a literature review of existing generic HRQoL instruments, a focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and expert consultations, we selected 30 tentative items for a new HRQoL measure. These items were evaluated by assessing their ceiling effects, difficulty, and redundancy in the first survey. To validate the HRQoL instrument that was developed, known-groups validity and convergent/discriminant validity were evaluated and its test-retest reliability was examined in the second survey. Results: Of the 30 items originally assessed for the HRQoL instrument, four were excluded due to high ceiling effects and six were removed due to redundancy. We ultimately developed a HRQoL instrument with a reduced number of 20 items, known as the Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 20 items (HINT-20), incorporating physical, mental, social, and positive health dimensions. The results of the HINT-20 for known-groups validity were poorer in women, the elderly, and those with a low income. For convergent/discriminant validity, the correlation coefficients of items (except vitality) in the physical health dimension with the physical component summary of the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) were generally higher than the correlations of those items with the mental component summary of the SF-36v2, and vice versa. Regarding test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total HINT-20 score was 0.813 (p<0.001). Conclusions: A novel generic HRQoL instrument, the HINT-20, was developed for the Korean general population and showed acceptable validity and reliability.