• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.134-141
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study conducted aA forward-looking study of elite water polo athletes, who trained at National Training Center, was conducted to determine the correlation between the incidence of sports injuries and the bone density among national water polo players. METHODS: Data on the general characteristics of all study subjects were analyszed usingin descriptive statistics. The incidence of sports injuries was calculated from the incidence of sports injuries per 1,000 hours and the incidence of sports injuries resulting from exposure to 1,000 training sessions. The incidence of all sports injuries was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation was calculated conducted to determine the correlation between sports injuries and bone density, bone mass and body composition. RESULTS: Water polo athletes suffered a total of 127 sports injuries in the three-year period, while the athletes suffered 3.5 sports injuries each year. The Ooverall injury rate of 3.2(95% CI 2.68-3.81) per 1,000h, 18.0(15% CI 14.89-21.16) of sports injuries per 1,000AE. For all athletes, 50.4% of the injuries were classified as mild, followed by moderate (26.8%) and severe (22.8%). The lower the bone density in all areas of sports injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. In addition, and the lower the bone mass in all areas except for light injuries, the higher the incidence of sports injuries. CONCLUSION: In tThe correlation between sports injuries and bone density and bone composition of water polo athletes, revealed a significant correlation between the bone density and bone mass were statistically significant, and the lower the bone density and bone mass, the higher the incidence of sports injuries.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the level of stocking density of housing with or without window on chicken meat quality. The incidence of $1^+$ grade of whole chicken housed with window significantly influenced by stocking density. The incidence of $1^+$ grade chicken at high stocking density ($0.050\;m^2$/head), standard stocking density ($0.066\;m^2$/head), and low stocking density ($0.083\;m^2$/head) was 26, 52, and 66%, respectively. Breast muscle of chicken housed with window and with low stocking density showed higher incidence of $1^+$ grade than high stocking density. Also minor and severe PSE (pale, soft, extractive) incidence of chicken meat were showed 4% each, while the $1^+$ grade chicken was not appeared at low density. In chicken thigh, the incidence rate was not affected by stocking density. In chicken housed without window, the incidence of $1^+$ grade chicken in high, standard, and low stocking density was 18, 8, and 46%, respectively. Also, the incidence of $1^+$ grade chicken breast was 2.6 times higher than the chicken in low stocking density. However, incidence of $1^+$ grade thigh was not affected by the stocking density. These results suggest that high stocking density significantly reduced the incidence of $1^+$ grade chicken meat regardless of housing with or without window.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.576-593
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• 2021

In this study, in order to investigate the factors that affect the percentage of correct answers and the degree of discrimination of the TOEIC test, a regression analysis was performed using corpus indicators that influence correct answer rate and the degree of discrimination for each part derived from the item analysis. The basic calculation word_length, consistency index LSA_overlap_adjacent_sentences, lexical diversity MTLD_VOCD, conjunction All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, situational model casual_particles_causal_verbs_Ratio, syntactic complexity Left_embeddedness, and syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density were found to have negative effects. These factors that lower the correct answer rate can be utilized when setting learning goals. Vocabulary diversity index MTLD_VOCD, conjunction Additive_connectives_incidence, syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density, and lexical information person1_2_pronoun_incidence were found to have a positive effect. Factors influencing the increase in discrimination may provide important information for developing a learning program.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.422-427
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• 1999

We are proposed for the computation of disease frequency measures and of their associated variances from data collected through prospective study of multiple dynamic cohort (herds) with a National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) in Gyeongnam. We can be estimated and calculated the annual incidence density for a group of herds and the 1-month risk of disease from the same within herd measure of monthly incidence density. We are proposed that the choice of measure to be estimated depend on the intended use of the information. From results in this study, Our study demonstrate that risk estimates are appropriates for producers and clinic veterinarian making decisions at the animal or herd level. Incidence density measures are appropriate for extrapolation to reference populations used for state and regional-level decision making.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

The surface treatment of cover glass for conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell is important to reduce reflectivity and to increase the incident light. In this work, random textured anti glare (RTAG) glass was prepared by wet surface coating method. Optical properties due to the changes of surface morphology of RTAG glass were compared and conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell was researched. Grain size and changes of surface morphologies formed with surface etching time greatly affected optical transmittance and transmission haze. Current density (Jsc) were high at the condition when surface morphologies reflection haze were low and transmission haze were high. Jsc was $40.0mA/cm^2$ at glancing angle of $90^{\circ}$. Incidence light source was strongly influenced by surface treatment of cover glass at high incidence angle but was hardly affected light source at the low angle of incidence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.901-907
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• 2016

The present study investigated stocking density and genetic lines, factors that may alter the severity and incidence of angel wing (AW), in White Roman geese. Geese (n = 384) from two genetically selected lines (normal- winged line, NL, and angel-winged line, AL, respectively) and one commercial line (CL) were raised in four pens. Following common commercial practice, low-stocking-density (LD), medium-stocking-density, and high-stocking-density treatments were respectively administered to 24, 32, and 40 geese per pen at 0 to 3 weeks ($1.92m^2/pen$) and 4 to 6 weeks ($13.2m^2/pen$) of age and to 24, 30, and 36 geese at 7 to 14 weeks ($20.0m^2/pen$) of age. The results revealed that stocking density mainly affected body weight gain in geese younger than 4 weeks, and that geese subjected to LD had a high body weight at 2 weeks of age. However, the effect of stocking density on the severity score of AW (SSAW) and incidence of AW (IAW) did not differ significantly among the treatments. Differences were observed among the genetic stocks; that is, SSAW and IAW were significantly higher in AL than in NL and CL. Genetic selection generally aggravates AW, complicating its elimination. To effectively reduce IAW, stocking density, a suspected causal factor, should be lower than that presently applied commercially.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the incidence of diarrhea among the subjects given hypertonic and isotonic nutrients to the nasogastric tube feeding patients in the a critical care setting. Methods: This study is aquasi-experimental study with a pre & post-test design. The sample size of 40 was calculated based on Cohen's formula (1988). The total of 40 subjects who signed the informed consent were randomly selected and divided evenly into two groups, experimental and control group. Results: There are no significant differences between the two groups in homogeneity test (sex, age, albumin level, the use of antibiotics, antacid, and $H_2$ blocker). However, the frequencies of occurrence in diarrhea according to the density of nutrients formulation indicated a statistical difference at the level of .005 (p=.001): diarrhea occurred in four of 20 (20%) of the experiment group, but 14 (70%) of the control group. Also the onset date of diarrhea in the experiment group is later than that of the control group. Conclusion: The research findings suggest that we should begin with low density nutrients for nasogastric tube feeding, and increase its density gradually to decrease diarrhea incidence in the critical care setting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

The interest in male osteoporosis is increasing as the incidence of osteoporotic fractures has increased not only in female but also in male due to the increase of old age population thanks to the development of medical science and science in general. Therefore, this study is to find factors related to bone mineral density of male older than 40 years old, to investigate the incidence of the male osteoporosis and to provide a basic result for prevention and medical treatment for the male osteoporosis. The incidence of the osteopenia and the osteoporosis at L-spine was 45% and 12.9% respectively and the incidence of them at femur was 51.9% and 7.63% respectively, among male older than 40 years old who took a medical examination. It was higher than the existing study results conducted to male older than 50 years old in USA and Europe. The incidence of them at both of L-spine and femur showed a significant difference depending the age groups. As the age increases, the average bone mineral density decreases at both of L-spine and femur. And as the weight increases and the body mass index is higher, the incidence of the osteoporosis decreases. There was no significant relation with the incidence of the osteoporosis depending on the exercise, the smoking and the drinking, but the number of exercise, smoking and drinking changes the quantity of bone and are factors influencing the bone mineral density of male person.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.594-597
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• 1998

The optimal quantity of inoculum was determined to screen resistance of garlic cultivars against Sclerotium cepivorum and 30 cultivars was tested. The growth of the pathogen in detached roots, Disease incidence was increased when the inoculum density was raised form 10 to 100 sclerotia. The optimal inoculum density to differentiate resistance or susceptibility of garlic cultivars was seemed to be 50 sclerotia. The cultivars collected from England, Japan, Nepal and Turkey, and cultivars such as common red, PI1356104 and PI135693 were less than the other cultivars in their disease incidence. The growth of S. cepivorum in detached roots varied from 23 to 33 mm according to garlic cultivars. There was no relationship between the disease incidence and the growth in detached roots. The sclerotial germination was increased significantly when root extract was extract was added. The addition of only distilled water resulted in 13% germination, but the addition of 0.25 g of root extract in 100 ml distilled water resulted in more than 85% germination. There was no difference in the stimulation of sclerotial germination among cultivars which showed different resistance.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2012

We present the optical models and calculation results of thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) at oblique incidence of light, using the transfer matrix method. The simple expression for the optical power dissipation is derived at oblique incidence for s- and p-polarized light. The spatial distribution of the electric field intensity, the optical power density, and the optical power dissipation are calculated in both s- and p-polarized light with respect to the incidence angle. We identify how the light absorption efficiency for p-polarized light becomes relatively larger than that for s-polarized light as the incidence angle increases.