• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.113-135
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• 2013

This paper explores how research excellence is perceived among researchers in Thailand and Japan with an aim to explore whether there are any new indicators that could later be proposed and adopted as criteria of excellence. Based on a questionnaire survey, the findings reflect ideas and viewpoints that could be found among researchers in both countries. Creative researchers are crucial to a strong national research and innovation system. Institutions should provide an environment or incentives based on research performance for their researchers to flourish and be productive. For decades, bibliometrics have been used to evaluate individual research performance for its easy approach and faster speed than a qualitative assessment would warrant. Nonetheless, there have been a number of studies on research performance evaluating systems that point out how a purely bibliometric approach is inadequate in summarizing the quality of the scientific performance. The pressures on researchers today influence their thinking and oppose their creativity. To investigate the perception of research excellence, three key research questions were set in this study: what counts as excellence, how to measure excellence, and how to support excellence. The findings confirm that traditional granting criteria that frames an idea of excellence remain valid, but they also suggest novel criteria be considered and prioritized. This paper argues that the existing evaluating system is insufficient for unleashing the curiosity and creativity of researchers and fostering excellence. In the final section, the paper discusses factors that contribute to scientific creativity that we should not overlook.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.20-44
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• 2004

The National Health Insurance Expenditure has been increased rapidly since the introduction of the separation of prescription and dispensing in 2000, and this trend of rapid growth in overall spendings rate has been observed predominantly among medical practitioners. This study was conducted to investigate the growth rate and distributional changes in private medical practitioners' expenses from 1999 to 2002 and its determinants using the National Health Insurance claims data. The total increasing rate of all medical practitioners' expenditure paid by the National Health Insurance between 1999 and 2002 was $41.71\%$, which exceeding that of general hospitals by $20\%$p. But the income distribution among each practitioner was improved as the changes in Gini coefficient(from 0.40 to 0.38) and decile distribution ratio(from 0.25 to 0.29) during the same period showed. However, this improvement in distributional patterns is not enough since even in 2002 it turned out that the highest $10\%$ income group earned 33times more than the lowest $10\%$ income group did. Also, higher Gini coefficient was observed in larger cities and some department like plastic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology. The major causes of this differentials in medical practitioners' expenses were factors related to medical demand like proportion of old population, residential economic status in a given area. In addition, providers' economic incentives also played an important role in determining their income distribution. The large income differentials among physicians may imply a skewed distribution of patients and thus long waiting time, inefficient utilization of resources and potential inadequate quality of care. In this sense, unreasonable distributional gaps should be reduced, so effective measures as well as ongoing monitoring would be necessary to correct current distributional problems.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2001

Efficiency and competitive power in agribusiness management has became important issue due to the rapid changes in farming environment under new WTO agreement. To increase competitive power, small-sized petty farm should be restructured to be specialized large-scaled farming system. Trust farming corporation(TFC) has been introduced to increase farm productivity and competitive power through large scale farming system and refined management skills. Eventually, TFCs are expected to revitalize rural economy. TFCs are increasing in numbers, but they are unsatisfactory in quality often with insolvent operations. The typical problems with TFCs are internal conflicts among members, lack of management abilities and incentives, inefficiency in machinery use, and insolvent operations. The self effort by members and legal-institutional assistance can alleviate the negative factors against the rational for cooperative management and sustain TFCs. This study identifies the management problems of TFCs. To provide the methods for increasing management efficiency, improving rational management skills, and hence to help revitalizing the rural economy with competitive power, 20 TFCs in Nonsan County is surveyed. The major findings are as follows; 1) According to the survey result of 20 trust farming corporations, investments on the accumulation of knowledges and information, accounting management, machinery management are required due to the present lack of management/accounting ability. There also exist problems associated with revenue sources, labor uses, and public recognition. To increase management efficiency under current situation, corporations should import active business plans with expanding farming execution and off-farm season business. 2) Based on the result of corporations' business analysis, more than 50% of the corporations were not able to provide profit dividends to the members. It suggests that trust farming corporations need appropriate and stable revenue sources to sustain business. It is also required that corporations should reduce their excessive expenditure on fixed assets. 3) Theoretical amounts of consignment fees for tillage operation, planting, and harvesting were found to be 338,874 won, 216,596 won, and 332,318 won, respectively. Although actual levels of fee are 110%~120% of these theoretical levels of consignment fee, corporations' expected fee levels could not be acheived because of competency of consignment market.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.418-424
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• 2020

Background: According to the previous studies, the work-related accident rate decreased in Korea after the introduction of occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS), but there were several disasters in Korea such as subway worker's death at Guui station in 2016 and the Taean thermal power plant accident in 2018, which escalated the social demand for safety. In 2018, OHSMS became an international standard, as ISO45001 was announced. Methods: A survey was conducted to research the implementation status of OHSMS and changes in people's perception, and the results were compared with those of a past survey. Results: Enhanced social demand and various stakeholders' (not only buyer) needs, and social responsibility are perceived as the motivation for the introduction of OHSMS rather than legal compliance or customer demand. In the questionnaire about problems with the implementation of OHSMS, the factors with higher response rate in 2018 than 2004 were "excessive cost" and "complicated documentation management." In the questionnaire about how to promote OHSMS in organizations, most people answered "reduction of workers' compensation insurance rate" in 2004, but most people answered "exemption from health and safety supervision" in 2018. Conclusion: For the effective implementation of ISO45001, emphasis is placed on social demand, training to recognize health and safety as a part of management, and the reduction of certification and consulting costs to promote the introduction of OHSMS. Incentives such as insurance premium cuts and exemptions from health and safety supervision are needed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential quantity of Korean Offset Credits (KOC) resulting from Certified Emission Reductions (CER) in 98 domestic Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects that were registered with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as of the end of 2016. Our results show that the total amount of potential KOC is 62,774 kt CO2eq. The potential KOC is only 23.4% of the total CER Issuance. During the first phase, this will be 3.2% of the allocated volume. This is because many projects are related to Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), HFC-23, and adipic acid N2O. There is a strong bias in some sectors and projects which could act as market distortion factors. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the target CDM project and activate non CDM offset projects. RPS projects bring fundamental changes to the energy sector, and it is worth reconsidering their acceptability. A wide variety of policy incentives are needed to address strong biases toward certain sectors and projects. The offset scheme has the advantage of allowing entities to reduce their GHG emissions cost effectively through a market mechanism as well as enabling more entities to participate in GHG reduction efforts both directly and indirectly. In contrast, having an inadequate offset scheme range and size might decrease the effort on GHG reduction or concentrate available resources on specific projects. As such, it is of paramount importance to design and operate the offset scheme in such a way that it reflects the situation of the country.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.353-361
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the demands for supplementary training for the heads of vocational training institutions and vocational training teachers and instructors, and to suggest the direction of supplementary training. To this end, a survey was conducted with 130 heads of vocational training institutions and 535 vocational training teachers and instructors. As a result of the survey, most respondents were sympathized with the need for supplementary training in both group, and their training needs were high to acquire new skills and improve their skills as teachers. In addition, opinions were gathered on measures to encourage participation in supplementary training and factors that hinder participation in supplementary training. Based on this, suggestions were made for the direction of supplementary training.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.680-691
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• 2022

Virtual farm is a kind of virtual reality for education and training, which realizes a change in attitude toward farming and aims for economic performance through revisiting the virtual farm. With the recent introduction of P2E-type virtual reality, a way to connect virtual farming experiences with practical benefits is being considered. However, few studies have been conducted on the factors that influence the success of virtual farms. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine whether the quality of virtual farm contents and system quality affect user satisfaction with virtual farm experience based on the DeLone & McLean's IS Success Model. In addition, we will examine whether satisfaction with the virtual farm significantly contributes to the change in attitude toward farming. In addition, we demonstrate whether digital incentives contribute to the activation of P2E-type virtual farms.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.207-230
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• 2022

A survey on the understanding of environment-friendly certification system was conducted for certified operators. The survey included the necessity of certification system, difficulties in producing certified products, and general evaluation of the current certification system. Certified operators were generally satisfied with the certification system in terms of the certification standards, the public subsidy programs, and the farm management costs. Individuals with parallel production farms were relatively less satisfied than the group with full-time organic farmers. Analysis using the ranking probit model indicated that the longer the certification experience, the more highly aware the need for the certification system was. Our results indicated that policy strategies are needed to enlarge the marketability of environment-friendly agricultural products since economic factors of organic products were the most important factor for maintaining and expanding certification in overseas as well as in Korea. It seems to be necessary to implement economic triggers for certified operators to continue their certification programs by promoting the transition period certification for individual farms in parallel with conventional agriculture. Analysis of the variables correlated with the expansion of environment-friendly agriculture by the logit model implied that certified operators with the younger age and higher annual incomes were more likely to expand environment-friendly agriculture. Therefore, it might also be important to provide financial support and incentives for new entry farmers to participate in environment-friendly agriculture and establish a system to share the know-how of successful certified organic farmers.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to examine the impact of leadership on organizational trust and innovation performance, and to identify whether organizational trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between leadership and innovation performance. Also, this study attempts to find out how to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness based on leadership-based or trust-based strategies. And, this research proposed that organizational trust plays a core mediating role in the relationship between transactional and transformational leadership and innovation performance. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to test the hypotheses of this study, the survey was conducted towards franchise coffee shop employees between November 7 and 18, 2016. We contacted top executives of coffee shop franchise headquarters and explained the purpose of this study. Among 150 questionnaires distributed, 123 were collected. Of these collected questionnaires, 102 questionnaires were coded and analyzed for further analysis. In order to test the unidimensionality and reliability of the factors, factor analysis and reliability test were performed using SPSS/PC+ 22.0. And, the hypotheses were tested using hierarchical mediated regression analysis. Result - The results are as follows. First, transactional leadership, and intellectual stimulation, motivation of transformational leadership had significant impacts on organizational trust. Second, organizational trust, transactional leadership, and influence of transformational leadership had significant impacts on innovation performance. Third, the mediating test of organizational trust showed that transactional leadership plays a partial mediator, and intellectual of transformational leadership plays a full mediator in the relationship between leadership and innovation performance. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. First, the top management should provide their organizational members incentives or rewards based on their performance. Second, top management should identify and express a clear vision and desirable organizational goals for the future, present an idealized vision, and communicate to organizational members that the vision is achievable, also have organizational members to think creatively and find optimal solutions to difficult problems. In sum, this study revealed the important role of leadership in embedding organizational trust in and improving innovation performance of coffee shop employees and the mediating role of organizational trust in the influence of leadership on innovation performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.58-64
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the differences between the safety leadership of the laboratory director, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior of research workers based on whether they have participated in the certification system for exemplary laboratories in safety management (CSEL). An online survey was conducted among research workers to analyze the effect of the CSEL. The independent variables used in the survey were participation and non-participation in the CSEL, while the dependent variables were the safety leadership of the laboratory director, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior of research workers. The results demonstrate that the group that participated in the CSEL had statistically significantly higher levels of safety leadership, safety climate, safety motivation, and safety behavior than the one that did not do so. Therefore, it can be concluded that the CSEL has a positive impact on the establishment of an autonomous safety management system in a laboratory by improving the safety culture and safety behavior of research workers. Further, the extrinsic factors, which are subfactors for safety motivation, did not reflect a significant difference between the group that participated in the CSEL and the one that did not. Thus, a reward system for research workers with excellent safety activities should be operated by research institutes since it is necessary to strengthen the intrinsic safety motivation of individual research workers which can be strengthened by compensation. The government should consider measures such as providing research incentives to researchers participated in CSEL.