• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2007

To investigate the innate immune response involved in early stage of anti-viral defence, carps were injected with UV-inactivated spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), poly inosinic:cytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and concanavalin A (Con A), respectively and examined lysozyme activity, serum complement activity and chemiluminescent (CL) response of leucocytes isolated from head kidney at 3 days post-injection. There was no significant difference in plasma lysozyme activities among all experimental groups. However, lysozyme activities of head kidney in the groups injected with antiviral activity inducers were significantly higher than those of the control injected with physiological saline. Bactericidal activities of serum of the groups injected with antiviral activity inducers were not significantly different from control group. However, the CL responses were significantly higher at lower dose of Poly I:C and Con A, whilst dose-dependent increase was shown in UV-inactivated SVCV-injected group. In the challenge test with 1×104 TCID50/fish of SVCV at 4 days post-injection, UV-inactivated SVCV- and Poly I:C-injected groups showed higher relative percent survival (RPS) than Con A-injected group. Furthermore, strong protection was observed in the group injected higher dose of Poly I:C although showed lower activities in lysozyme and CL response. These results suggested that Poly I:C might stimulate other factors belonging to non-specific immune system have induced protective immunity against the SVCV challenged.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2004

A large amount 2.1×106 ㎥ of the polluted sediment was dredged from the Masan Bay and deposited in Gapo confined area, Masan. The dissolved metal concentrations of seawater in the dumping site (Gapo area) were observed during one tidal cycle and compared with those of seawater obtained from Jinhae Bay. The sediment was evaluated as from Non polluted to Moderately polluted by USEPA standards. It was judged that toxicological effects of sediment analyzed ranged from ERL to ERM with copper and zinc, and ERL with cadmium, chrome, lead, and nickel by the Adverse Biological Effects. The pollutant concentration was low in surface sediment compared to deeper sediment since the sediments with relatively low concentrations of pollutant were dumped to the surface. The pollutant concentration was low in surface sediment compared to deeper sediment since the sediments with relatively low concentrations of pollutant were dumped to the surface. The benthic organisms in Gapo area had higher concentrations of trace metals (Oyster: Zn 238.96, Cu 5.29 ㎍/g wet wt., Clam: Zn 17.71, Cu 1.00 ㎍/g wet wt., Mussel. Zn 187.98, Pb 0.28, Cr 0.15, Mn 4.23, Sr 1.45 and Fe 100.33 ㎍/g wet wt.) compared to outside of dumping site. However, the trace metal level in the bivalves was less than the NFPQIS (National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service) standard.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

National groundwater monitoring stations have been managed throughout the country by Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO) in order to monitor variations in quantity and quality of groundwater resources. A multi-sensor installed in each monitoring station well measures groundwater level, water temperature and electrical conductivity every six hours and the logged data are automatically transmitted to a host computer in KOWACO. Meanwhile despite regular station inspection and replacement of deteriorate or broken devices, abnormal values or outliers often occur due to intrinsic limitations of automatic monitoring and transmission. Thus prompt recognition and measures to these values are essentially required to reduce disturbance and missing period of the data. In this study, time and frequency of outlier occurrence were analyzed for the water level data obtained from national groundwater monitoring stations within the Han river basin in 2000. The analysis results indicated that the most prominent patterns of the outliers were rapid decline for water level, no variation for temperature and steep decline for electrical conductivity. This study provided a sample criterion for determining the outlier for each parameter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.351-358
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• 2016

An Electrical Point Machine (NS:New-type Switch), which is equipped and operated at railways in Korea, has been used since the 1960s after being imported from Japan. On the other hand, although the mechanical configuration has improved the position motor control circuit, the electrical connection has not been improved, so NS may have a problem, such as the interlocking system of automatic train operation. In addition, NS is the most vulnerable part in the railway system and a huge train accident may occur due to minor defects. The existing NS wiring set of the circuit controller should be checked only if fixed. Therefore, an excessive inspection time only by a Railroad Signal expert is required. In this paper, the improvement of electrical connection in a NS wiring set, such as the position motor control circuit, was developed and the prototype was installed at Seoul Metro in the distance to go section. The results can be used to help make appropriate adjustments. The improvement of the NS wiring set enhance the maintenance efficiency, passenger service and the stability of the signal system as well as reducing the maintenance cost.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.135-146
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• 2011

Steel structures have been generally painted to prevent corrosion damage. However, the painted film is deteriorated with increase in service life, and then corrosion damage resulting in cross sectional area occurs on steel surface. As a result, the buckling strength of steel structures can be decreased due to the corrosion damages. The evaluation method of the axial buckling strength of columns about a variety of section shapes and supporting conditions have been presented, but evaluation method of buckling strength about irregular nonprismatic columns is not established. In this study, the axial buckling strength of corroded steels was evaluated based on the buckling test results of corroded steel specimens that were cut off at a temporary steel structure. The corroded specimens were picked up total 10 specimens according to various slenderness ratio from the web of a temporary structure's main beam. The length of specimens is 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600mm respectively. The rust productions were removed by the chemical treatment. Then, the surface geometry was measured at intervals of $1{\times}1mm$ by using the optical 3D digitizing system, and the residual thickness of the specimens was calculated. The axial buckling test was performed on 10 corroded specimens and 12 non-corroded specimens under the fixed-fixed support condition. From the test results, the effect of corrosion damages on axial buckling load was investigated. Regardless of corrosion damage degree, the axial buckling strength of corroded specimens and non-corroded specimens was evaluated identically by using minimum average residual thickness or average residual thickness to minus its standard deviation. Reasonable measuring intervals of residual thickness was proposed by using the results to apply for practical works.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

The hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis, is a pest of apples and a quarantine pest from some countries that import apples from Korea. A controlled atmosphere and temperature treatment system (CATTS) was developed as an alternative disinfestation method to methyl bromide fumigation treatment, and has been applied to control various insects and other arthropod pests on fruits. We applied CATTS to disinfect T. viennensis under conditions that were previously developed to control the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii. First, T. viennensis was sampled from Japanese apricot, Prunus mume, and identified by its morphological characters. In addition, both cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences supported the morphological identification. Second, the heat-tolerant developmental stage was determined in T. viennensis. When a $46^{\circ}C$ heat treatment was applied to egg, nymph, and adult stages of T. viennensis, adults were the most tolerant stage. Third, when heat temperature was used along with 1% $O_2$ and 15% $CO_2$, the mites showed a significant increase in susceptibility to the heat treatment. Finally, CATTS at $46^{\circ}C$ with 15% $CO_2$ and 1% $O_2$ for 30 min resulted in 100% mortality of all T. viennensis development stages. These results indicated that CATTS isapplicable to disinfest T. viennensis in post-harvest apples.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3131-3137
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• 2013

Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts of Bangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by 'UICC Cancer Prevention Campaign' programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronic media to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: This study was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facility and Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women, husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIA camps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement, service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized at the upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the camps on source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was aware of "cancer" and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA was low and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in both upazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware of screening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), and discussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the best method (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation. For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education at Uthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6427-6433
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• 2013

For trains to run safely and quickly, the train should always follow the preceding train at a proper spacing. For this purpose, a certain distance between the stations is set for each block section. For the safe operation of trains in one block section, only one train service for an automatic block system is needed. The existing block system is composed an ABS, which is a linked track circuit and line sideway system through the interlocking system. The interlocking system is being replaced with a domestic electronic interlocking system. On the other hand, the block system still uses the relay format of an analog system, and is independently installed of the line sideway systems. Therefore, the existing block system has many problems in terms of construction and maintenance. In addition, the existing domestic line is used for ABS and LEU , which is installed separately, despite the train being controlled by the information of the same signal at the same location. This is not efficient in terms of each product price and the maintenance costs. This paper introduces an integrated electronic block system and the field test results. The field test was carried out through a periodic inspection performed eight times from January to late August.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.552-566
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• 2010

This paper is an in-depth case study to analyze integrated elementary science lesson planning and practical teaching by two teachers at an urban elementary schools. One is an experienced teacher and the other is a beginning teacher. For this study, researchers asked teachers to design 5 stages of lesson planning after sharing basic theories about the integrated science education. The first of the 5 lesson planning stages is curriculum analysis and choice of integrated science topic. The second stage is constructing the frame of integrated science lesson contents, and the third is drawing a diagram of the integrated science lesson development. The fourth stage is making a table of lesson plans, and the last stage is writing integrated science lesson plans. Then, the teachers implemented the lessons they created. They taught students one unit of science which is composed of 8 lessons. Difficulties that teachers meet during designing plans and integrated science class were analyzed. 5 staged lesson planning, video transcriptions, teacher interview about lesson planning and teaching, researchers' checklists, reports of inspection classes, teachers' self evaluation, and students interviews were used for this study. One of the significant results of this study is that both experienced and beginning teachers had many difficulties in deciding on time to teach and contents of science and other subjects, as well as selection and organization of whole topics of integrated science teaching. The beginning teacher especially had greater issues with developing definite teaching-learning strategy to conduct thoughts and views for integrated science at the whole unit and each lesson. However, the experienced teacher was using various teaching-learning strategies by utilizing integrated science teaching professionalism to develop students' integrated thinking ability during the instruction of other subjects. The outcomes of this study are that both teachers could deeply understand the need and value of integrated science education at the elementary school through planning and teaching 8 lessons, and that they could have self-confidence with development of teaching professionalism for integrated science teaching. It may be possible that this study could help the development of pre- and in-service program for improvement of integrated science teaching professionalism for elementary school teacher.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2022

Currently, the number of bridge structures in Korea is continuously increasing and enlarged, and the number of old bridges that have been in service for more than 30 years is also steadily increasing. Bridge aging is being treated as a serious social problem not only in Korea but also around the world, and the existing manpower-centered inspection method is revealing its limitations. Recently, various bridge damage detection studies using deep learning-based image processing algorithms have been conducted, but due to the limitations of the bridge damage data set, most of the bridge damage detection studies are mainly limited to one type of crack, which is also based on a close set classification model. As a detection method, when applied to an actual bridge image, a serious misrecognition problem may occur due to input images of an unknown class such as a background or other objects. In this study, five types of bridge damage including crack were defined and a data set was built, trained as a deep learning model, and an open set recognition-based bridge multiple damage recognition model applied with OpenMax algorithm was constructed. And after performing classification and recognition performance evaluation on the open set including untrained images, the results were analyzed.