• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.265-270
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• 2010

The national VTS was launched in 1993, and has adopted a harbour-oriented control method which is unable to consider enough characteristics of its work. However, for the past 17 years, the characteristics has changed due to increased amount of vessels. Up to now the domestic Vessel Traffic Service has adopted harbour-oriented control method which is unable to consider enough characteristics of its work. However, developed countries have carried out waters-oriented control method, according to the using areas of ships, to be well considered the characteristics of control for increasing efficiency of it. Especially, VTS of Daesan, Pyeongtaek and Inchon harbour can have confusions of control because of overlapped service areas of it. Therefore, in this paper suggested a new Sector Division that the relevants waters is divided into 3 operational Regions and these are divided into nine sectors again, for the purpose of improving the efficiency and the concentration of VTS.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.895-904
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• 2015

This paper presents a probabilistic approach of reliability evaluation and economic assessment for solving transmission network expansion planning problems. Three methods are proposed for TNEP, which are reorganizing the existing power system focused on the buses of interest, selecting candidates using modified system operating state method with healthy, marginal and at-risk states, and finally choosing the optimal alternative using cost-optimization method. TNEP candidates can be selected based on the state reliability such as sufficient and insufficient indices, as proposed in this paper. The process of economic assessment involves the costs of construction, maintenance and operation, congestion, and outage. The case studies are carried out with modified IEEE-24 bus system and Jeju island power system expansion plan in Korea, to verify the proposed methodology.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.599-603
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• 2016

When traditional flap techniques are not feasible, we apply flap prefabrication, which is more complicated and sophisticated but supplies large and thin flaps. There are some disadvantages to the technique that require improvement, such as venous congestion after flap transfer, which requires months for neoangiogenesis and necessitates a vascular carrier. Here, the author presents a new technique, called as 'microdissected prefabricated flap,' to successfully produce a safe, large, and thin flap. This technique is based on the microdissection of the perforators to the greatest extent possible, spreading them out into the subdermal level and using them as a carrier. The details and the application of this technique are presented and reported.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.347-352
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• 2013

Recently, due to the gravitation of the population and traffic congestion, the land supply tends to be short. Underground space development is considered positively as a countermeasure. This study was to review the basic principles of underground space, to find out problems, and to propose the direction for the effective development of underground space.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1995

In order to nursing practice of the patient in Oriental medicine, it is suggested that the fundamental recognition of Oriental medicine should be preceded. It is, however, difficult that we comprehend Oriental medicine generally since it is different from Western medicine in the point of th symptom. We have thought that is to be carried out to select and analyze a disease by the sense of Oriental medicine for the establishment of Oriental medical nursing. So we have tried out the analysis of Tae-Yang In view of the results so far achieved, it has been suggested that Tae-Yang Symptom applies to the first step of Sanghan Yug Kyung Symptom and consists of Palsy, Sanghan, Onbyung, Dropsy, and Congestion. In the Oriental medicine, Tae-Yang Symptom is recognized to be concerned with a common cold and the respiratory, renal and hepatic diseases. In the points of Orintal medicine, it is noticed that Tae-Yang Symptom is caused by the wind and cold evil, is related to human resisting force, and is fused with each other. And the treatment of Tae-Yang Symptom is various by the cause and the pathological mechanism. In the points of Western medicine. it is difficult to comprehend that various disease germs revolving each disease are implied by identical symptom. The summary of this study are as follows ; 1. In the outer-caused diseases. so called Tae-Yang Symptom, it is an important index to the patient's resisting force and the type of a disease whether he sweats, chills and the pulse is tense or not. 2. The treatments are various according the body's resisting force and the type of symptoms; harmonizing Yung & Wee(調榮衛) to Weaknees of surface(表虛證), sudorifics flourishing of evils(表實證), and antifebriles to On-byung(溫病). 3. If Tae-Yang Symptom is not cured, it progresses to develop complications ; Dropsy(蓄水) & congestion(蓄血), the former brings about renal diseases and the latter hepatic diseses. According to the resuslts mentioned above, we have come to the conclusion that the Oriental - medical nursing must emphasis the body's sesiting force and the type of symptoms rather than the name of a disease.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.74-82
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• 2003

Under the assumption that the temperature of one location is closely related to land use characteristics around that location, this study is carried out to assess the impact of urban land use patterns on air temperature. In order to investigate the relationship, GIS techniques and statistical analyses are utilized, after spatially connecting urban land use data in Seoul Metropolitan Area with atmospheric data observed at Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The research method is as follows: (1) To find out important land use factors on temperature, simple linear regressions for a specific time period (pilot study) are conducted with urban land use characteristics, (2) To make a final model, multiple regressions are carried out with those factors and, (3) To verify that the final model could be appled to explain temperature variations beyond the period, the model is extensively used for 5 different time periods: 1999 as a whole; summer in 1999; 1998 as a whole; summer in 1998; August in 1998. The results of simple linear regression models in the pilot study show that transportation facilities and open space area are very influential on urban air temperature variations, which explain 66 and 61 percent of the variations, respectively. However, the other land use variables (residential, commercial, and mixed land use) are found to have weak or insignificant relationship to the air temperatures. Multiple linear regression with the two important variables in the pilot study is estimated, which shows that the model explains 75 percent of the variability in air temperatures with correct signs of regression coefficients. Thus, it is empirically shown that an increase in open space and a decrease in transportation facilities area can leads to the decrease in air temperature. After the final model is extensively applied to the 5 different time periods, the estimated models explain 68 ∼ 75 percent of the variations in the temperatures is significant regression coefficients for all explanatory variables. This result provides a possibility that one air temperature model for a specific time period could be a good model for other time periods near to the period. The important implications of this result to lessen high air temperature we: (1) to expand and to conserve open space and (2) to control transportation-related factors such as transportation facilities area, road pavement and traffic congestion.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.643-653
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• 2020

The concrete lining inspection by inspector after traffic control poses various problems such as congestion caused by traffic control and social loss costs resulting from it, and risks of traffic accidents and safety accidents for inspectors et al. To solve the problems, the concrete lining inspection has been carried out using automatic inspection equipment and image analysis that can be objectively and quantitatively investigated in overseas. In this study, to solve the problems of concrete lining inspection by inspector and to review improvement plan for inspection, inspection was carried out using automatic inspection equipment for ◯◯ tunnel that precision safety diagnosis has been conducted in 2019. Analysis was carried out for both inspection results. Automatic inspection equipment investigated defects in concrete lining such as cracks more accurately than precision safety diagnosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Aroma therapy using Eucalyptus Globulus essential oil for curing allergic rhinitis is an inhalation treatment which has been applied as an aid to oriental clinics which use a fundamental treatment such as acupuncture and herbs. There have been no studies so far performed on the effect of this oils' use, only . We aimed to find out the therapeutic effect of its exclusive use only on an Animal Model with Allergic Rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were induced the allergic rhinitis by ovalbumin solution. And then, rats in the treated group were treated by diffusing Eucalyptus essential oil in a flask for 7 days. Compared with the treated group, rats in the control group were treated by diffusing normal saline in a flask for 7 days. We observed changes in glandular cells and mast cells in nasal mucosa and submucosa; also changes in the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in blood and the succus of rhinenchysis. Results: The number of neutrophils in the succus of rhinenchysis was significantly decreased in treated group compared with control group(p<0.05). The number of neutrophils in blood and mast cells in nasal mucosa were decreased in the treated group but, these were not significant statistically(p>0.05). Histologic changes showed edema; congestion and expansion of grandular cells in nasal submucosa and hypertrophy of epithelium in nasal mucosa were decreased in treated group compared with control group. Conclusions: The results may suggest that the inhalation treatment using Eucalyptus essential oil decreases the inflammatory response on an Animal Model with Allergic Rhinitis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 1993

With the rapid progress in seed production techniques, aquaculture production of economically important species of marine fish has been accelerated in Japan. Howecer, mass mortalities due to viral infections as well as other microbial infections have often occurred during the seed production and grow-out stages. Among these diseases, four viral diseases have been known in cultured Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) since around 1980. In this paper, viral diseases of cultured flounder in Japan are briefly reviewed, with special attention to two viral diseases. viral epidermal hyperplasia and rhabdovirus infection which are relatively important because of their frequent occurrence. Viral epidermal hyperplasia is characterized by fin opacity and associated with high mortality in larval flounder Electron microscopy of affected epidermal cells and transmission experiments with tissue filtrates demonstrated that the disease was caused by a herpesvirus but the agent has not been isolated in fish cell lines. On the other hand, rhabdovires infection occurrs in juvenile and production size fish with hemorrhage in the skeltal muscle and fins, congestion of the gonads, and ascites. A rhabdovirys was isolated in RTG-2 cells from the diseased flounder as a causative agent, which was designated hirame rhabdovirus (HRV) or Rahbdovirus olivaceus. HRV is serologically distinguishable from other known fish rhabdoviruses. Intensive researches on these viral diseases started in 1980th. but properties of the causative agents and infection mechanisms have not been fully investigated. This results in difficulty in controlling these diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.364-369
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• 1998

The purposes of the present study were to compare the effects of viscoelastic materials available in phacoemulsification in dogs and to evaluate $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ as their substitute. Six eyes from the healthy adult dogs were used in each group with different viscoelastic materials, $Healon$^{\circledR}, Viscoat^{\circledR}$ and $Occucoat^{\circledR} and ARTZ^{\circledR}$. The phacoemulsification was carried out with surgical micmscope(Leica M65l, Germany) and pbacoemulsiscation gystemGfidek 6000, Japan). $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ had lower pseudoplasocity than other viscoelastics. There was not significant difference in phacotime, rate of posterior capsule rupture, incidence of the intraocular inflammation among the viscoelastic materials. The corneal thickness in all groups was significantly increased in a day after operation and decreased gradually. However $ARTZ$^{\circledR}$ had more time to recover the preoperative thickness than the others. CoBiunctival congestion in the group with $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ was more severe but. there were no postoperative posterior capsule opacity and visual loss. The present study indirated that $ARTZ^{\circledR}$ could be used as viscoelastic material in dogs with respect to the vision after surgery.