• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2018

The fully autonomous vehicle, which has been actively studied in a worldwide before commercialization, is expected to become a living space by securing time and space compared to existing automobile. For this reason, interior design of fully autonomous vehicle has become very important. To enhance passenger's experience and satisfaction in fully autonomous vehicle, it is necessary to design an optimized space that can support in-vehicle activities. For this purpose, efforts to analyze the passenger's in-vehicle activities should be preceded. However, there were limited studies that define space and in-Vehicle activities of fully autonomous vehicle in Korea. The purpose of this study is to suggest the guideline of the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle by analyzing and classifying the scope of activities that the passenger can perform within the vehicle. As a method of the study, literature studies on future concept cars, human lifetime behavior and consumer needs had been conducted. As a result in-vehicle activities could be applied in a fully autonomous vehicle. Four in-vehicle activities 'work', 'home life and personal care', 'relaxation' and 'conversation and hobby' had been derived through the analysis of in-vehicle activities. Based on the results, the interior design of fully autonomous vehicle guideline has been suggested. The study is significant because the result of the study can act as a basic study which considers the activities in the fully autonomous vehicle environment.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-71
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• 2009

This study is aimed at performing art therapy and looking into the effect on declining depression and anxiety and improving self-esteem, targeting at maladaptive behavior child in home and school living. So, this study made an application of fine art programs 2 session a week, for 50minutes each, total 24 sessions, targeting at elementary 1st girl graders(7 years old in full) in J city. In the end-term, this study performed a fine art therapy for 6 sessions together with mother-children. This study used a Korean-style Children Depression Inventory(CDI) developed by Kovacs and Beak(1977) and adapted by Jo Su Cheol and Lee Young Sik(1990) to look into children's decline in depression and anxiety and Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale(RCMAS) produced by Reynolds and Richmond(1978) and adapted by Jo Su Cheol and Choi Jin Suk(1990) to look into improvement of self-esteem. This study performed and analyzed KHTP, KFD painting examination, prior as well as post, to perform children's emotional appraisal and analyzed, classified with sessions, children's change in the progress of programs. The results of this study were as follows: First, fine art therapy was effective in declining children's depression and anxiety. Second, fine art therapy was effective in improving children's self-esteem. Third, children changed their emotional stability affirmatively in KHTP, KFD painting tests. Family affinity and cohesion were strengthened and changed into friendly family. Fourth, in the progress of programs, classified with sessions, children inclined their depression and anxiety and improved their self-esteem. This study leads to the result that art therapy inclines depression and anxiety in maladaptive behavior child and has an affirmative effect on improving self-esteem.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

In order to find out health problems among inhabitants in slum areas in Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, a series of health survey was conducted upon 510 households by interview from March to December, 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Employments of householders were unstable; Out of 508 householders, 164(32.3%) were unemployed and 184 (36.2%) were daily or temporary employees. 2. Average number of households per house was 2.0 and average area of residential room per person was $4.0m^2$. 3. 476(93.3%) out of 510 households were supplied with tap water and rest of them made use of ground water as a source of drinking water. 4. Only 279(18.3%) out of 1527 live births were delivered at medical facilities, 496(32.7%) were at home attended by doctors or midwives and 358(25.1%) took prenatal care. The above findings were worse in urban slum area than in other urban area of relatively high economic level, but were better than in rural area of less medical facilities. 5. Initiation of treatment were delayed until their illnesses were advanced in most of the households, 472(92.5%) out 510. In the early stage of the illness, 131(25.6%) of the house-holds sought physicians in their clinics or general hospitals and 250 (40.9%) visited chemists, to toy drugs at first hand. Frequency of visits to physician increased to 52.8% as the disease aggravated in later stages. 6. Cost of medical expenditure per household amounted to 815 won, and was paid to, in the order of chemists, physicians, chinese herb stores, chinese herb doctors. 7. Concerning the health knowledge of the inhabitants, 273(53.9%) out of 506 respondents were aware of the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 68(13.4%) of them checked regularly their chest findings by X-ray at least once every two years. 8. As for the family planning, although 448(87.3%) out of 510 respondents were in favor of it, 215 (41.8%) of them were actually practicing contraception. 9. About 40.6% (125 respondents) of them obtained information and knowledge concerning contraception through personal contact with family planning workers. 10. Nutritional status of housewives was generally poor: 49(38.3%) out of 128 housewives were found to be anemic and average serum protein level was $7.5{\pm}0.82g/dl$.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1997

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 1998

Adolescent health is considered to contribute to health promotion in the home and community in the near future as well as individual health. However, adolescent health has been neglected from education field because of competitive school education focused on the university entrance examination That's why I suggest in this study that we should pay much more attention to adolescent health condition and try to make It better, in terms of man-power development and life-health promotion for nation development The purposes of this study are as follows First, to look into a variety of adolescent health problems Second, to find out the situation and problems of current adolescent health promotion and school health education Third, to make an effort to find, based on the current situation, various developments of adolescent health promotion and school health education in terms of practical, political and environmental change There are used study methods as adolescent-related, school heath-related literature review and anlysis of statistical data The results and suggestions are as follows Teenagers have a great variey of health problems including most Important physical, mental and social developments Recently, chronic diseases, emotional problems, health-risk behaviors linked With adolescents are on increase The complicated disorders of physical, mental, social health rather than paricular aspects of health or health-behavior problems influence adolescent health problems adolescence is regarded as the period when most health-related behaviors are formed. Therefore, adolescent health promotion would he assured by developing the ability of controlling multi-dimensional health determinants in the early stage. Health promotion is a positive concept that each individual, family and community makes real efforts to improve their health To achive this, we need health educational, organizational, political and environmental supports. Adolescent health promotion in Korea has been systematically treated in the category of school health Current school health services have had lots of systemic, constitutional, administrative and educational flaws Accordingly, I'm concerned that we can afford to accept a variety of adolescent health needs However, I would say that if were not to make those flaws better, it's certain that Korean national competitive power and the quality of the lives of most Koreans Will he threatened someday We have to develop Comprehensive School Health Crriculum(CSHC) and set up its standards to Improve adolescent health. CSHC is an organizational and costant process. CSHC means an Important part of overall curriculums. In addition, I could say that it's an Important school health education acivity including current school health services-health care service and school health environment. In conclusion, in order to develop CSHC, we require school nurse's role changes, establishment and management of intergrated subject of health education, striking revision of school health law(or legislation of school health promotion law), reorganization of administration system, big changes in curriculum for school health educators.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out how well the primary school students are practicing the health promotion behaviors and the factors relating their health promotion behavior. Methods: This study was carried out by using questionnaires with 1,215 students attending at a 6th grade, 16 primary schools which arranged the school health teachers in Kyoungpook, Chilkok Gun from the 21th through 22th of December 2004. Among them, 1,189 were included in final analysis. The collected data was analyzed through frequency, percentage mean and standard deviation, multiple regression. Results: According to the data from multiple regression of analysis which has the health promotion behavior practice as a subordinate variable, in male students' case the degree of health promotion behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health, to their perceived self efficacy, and in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior practice. As to the female students, their health behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health. It also becomes high in proportion to the perceived health status, the understanding of the importance of the health, internal health locus of control in personality, the perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior. But in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior, it was the same as the male students' case. Conclusions: As the results of study, it showed that the knowledge to importance of health, the self efficacy, the knowledge of benefit of health promotion behaviors and the health concern to the children of the parents were related to health promotion behaviors of the primary school students. So, through the systematic development of health education program, we induced to desirable direction for the changeable factors of actions to health promotion for the health, and through the connective guidelines between the School and the Home, we have to adapt to effective health promotion program for the health management of the young boys and girls.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 1987

This study is attempt to submit a basic material to help the efficient nursing management which supports and to understand the alienation which they percieve social-psychologically and physical aging bringing about the phf·sical powerlessness, to understand the old people in hospitals and in community and should build up their health. The data collection of the study which has been done on Sept. 7 to Sept. 20, 1986 is objected to 300 people of 65 years old of age or more of male and female who are staying at home. Analysis of the Data was done by use of percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. The results of study are summerized as follows: 1. According to each age group of old people(p= .0008), family living together concreteness (p=.0000), the level of education (p=.0020), how much they are participating in leisure activity (p=.0001), whether they have mate or not (p=.0000), whether they have religion or not (p=.0000), the level of alienation showed difference statistically. Also, according to sex (p=.4315), whether they have income or not (p=.1197), the level of alienation did not show any difference statistically. 2. According to each age group of old people (p=.0000), family living together concreteness (p=.0060), the level of education (p=.0000), sex (p=.0000), whether they have mate or not (p=.0000), whether they have religion or not (p=.0067), whether they have income or not (p=.0000), the level of physical aging showed difference statistically. Also, according to how much they are participating in leisure activity, the level of physical aging did not show any difference statistically (p=4879). 3. The level of alienation and physical aging in old people had positive correlation (r=.5436, p<.001). From the above result, the level of social, psychological alienation and physical aging showed high for the old who had no mate, no religion, low in their educational level, living separately' with the family and for those who do not participate much in the leisure activities, The old people who feel the social, psychological alienation can expedite the physical aging and physical aging can be result from social psychological loneliness and alienation. Therefore, for the successful aging of the old people in the community with these weak points, we should provide them with physical and emotional, psycho-logical support and care in the basis of understanding in socialization process and the character of the physical functional change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1972

In this article, the writer attempted to study the followings: (1) mother's knowledge of milk feeding (including method of sterilization, formula and feeding) (2) reasons of artificial feeding (3) how much mothers are concerned about their artificial feeding infants (4) condition of growth and development of artificial feeding infants. As the object of study, 96 mothers with artificial feeding infants, who had consulted dep't of pediatrics of two Hospitals in Seoul (Korea Hospital and Med. College Woo Suk Hospital, Korea Uni.) and well baby clinic of the two Health Centers (Sung Dong and Dongdaemoon), were randomly sampled. The data were treated by the statistic method of chi-square and percentage, and come to the following conclusion. 1. Knowledge of milk feeding Sterilization: 70 percentages of mothers know about the milk sterilization (including bottle, nipple and instrument), but 55 percentages of them do not know the nipple sterilization correctly. Formula: 69 percentages of mothers follow the indicator or in accordance with doctor's directions, but 31 percentages do at their option by reasons that the baby often coughs up the milk, the baby is too small, the baby often has digestive troubles, or the baby grow fleshy heavily etc, except family economic problems. Feeding: only half of mothers know the correct feeding method, especially they do not know how to determine the heat degree of milk and how to bubble up the baby correctly. They just do feeding according to the accepted usages. 2. Reasons of artificial feeding Of the reasons of artificial feeding, 18 percentages were caused by infants and 82 percentages by mothers. Most of the reasons are mainly due to the lack of breast milk and sufficient supply of nourishments rather than mother's deficiency or mother's abnormality. 3. Mother's concern for artificial feeding infants Mothers who are sharply concerned for their artificial feeding baby's growth and development: 63%, mothers who made the baby (artificial feeding infant) routine vaccinated: 81%, mothers who ear anxious about the baby's future personality forming : 68%, mothers who care about the baby's condition of nourishment; 60%, mothers who are anxious about tile selection of baby's food; 54%. 4. The growth and development of artificial feeding infants compared with Korean average infants. The artificial feeding infants are above the Korean average infants in stature by 1.21 centimeters and in weight by 0.3 kilograms. Conclusion: It has been said that there is no better food for infant than the breast milk. However, the artificial feeding has been used for the supplement of nourishments and as substitute food for the breast milk. And this artificial feeding could give the married women the chance to act in society and more opportunity to develop themselves and to work for others at home and other fields. Considering these advantages, artificial feeding should not be exclusive, but preferably should be more improved and inquired positively. And even in artificial feeding, what is most important is that mothers should recognize the requirement and need of artificial feeding clearly and correctly, and they should be accustomed to the correct knowledge and skills of artificial feeding in order to practice it appropriately. In some degree, they should be properly trained in school education process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.489-498
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is a difference in the awareness of death based on happiness (since attitude or way of life differs among the general public, depending on the perception of death), and to investigate whether there is a difference in the interest in hospices between a group with a high happiness index and a group with a low happiness index. A survey was conducted on 200 men and women aged over 20 who participated in a walking event held in a metropolitan city on April 22, 2017. The survey consisted of eight demographic items: gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, family cohabitation, religion, and health status. It included 29 questions regarding happiness and nine questions regarding the perception of death. For the statistical tests, a chi-square test, an independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, and canonical correlation analysis were performed on the items of the survey based on a happiness index. The results of the study showed that, for a suitable place for death, medical institutions was the highest score (46.3%) for the group with a low happiness index, and own house was highest (59.4%) for the group with a high happiness index. This was a significant difference. It is thought that management systems should be supplemented by professional manpower, educating people so as to increase the utilization rates of home-based hospice as a way for patients to die in a comfortable and familiar place because, for Korea, death is much more common in hospitals. It is also necessary to increase the awareness of death and to make effective use of hospices through individual and various other approaches, considering the demographics of the subjects.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study analyzed a total of 37 studies about bi-lingulism and English education as a foreign language published in 8 academic journals in early childhood education or child development fields. Research topics, participants, methods, and variables in the studies were categorized and descriptively analyzed. The research findings which had been statistically investigated were also summarized. The most frequently studied research topics were children's development and English education program exposure, actual conditions of English education in preschool settings and effectiveness of specific English programs for preschool children. However, children's home characteristics were seldom included as research variables and no research investigated so called English preschools. Several studies reported that bi-lingual children may have different language development paths from mono-lingual children but they eventually have comparable language abilities to mono-lingual children. Also some studies reported that, when learning English as a foreign language in school settings, older children can handle more information regarding English than younger children, resulting in better outcomes of older children. Exposure to two languages in early childhood seems to contribute to young children's meta linguistic awareness but the long term effect of English education in early childhood should be further studied. Several English education programs for preschool settings were developed and the effectiveness were investigated. Even though most of them reported that their programs were effective to children's English ability or interests, the results should be carefully interpreted because their research designs and methods were not rigorous.