• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2007

Objective : So called "minimally invasive procedures" have evolved from chemonucleolysis, automated percutaneous discectomy, arthroscopic microdiscectomy that are mainly working within the confines of intradiscal space to transforaminal endoscopic technique to remove herniated epidural disc materials directly. The purpose of this study is to assess the result of endoscopic spinal surgery and favorable indication in the thoracolumbar spine. Methods : The records of 71 patients, 73 endoscopic procedures, were retrospectively analysed. Yeung Endoscopic Spine Surgery system with 7 mm working sleeve and $25^{\circ}$ viewing angle was used. The mean follow up period was 6 months [range, 3-9]. Results : Operated levels were from T12-L1 disc down to L5-L6 of S1 disc. Of 71 cases, 2 patients underwent transforaminal endoscopic surgery twice due to recurrence after initial operation. MacNab's criteria was used to assess the outcome. Favorable outcome, excellent of good, was seen in 78% [57 procedures] of the patients. Among 11 fair outcomes, only 1 procedure was followed by secondary open procedure, laminectomy with discectomy. Two of 5 poor outcomes were operated again by same procedure which resulted in fair outcomes. One patient with aggravated cauda equina syndrome remained poor and a lumbar fusion procedure was performed in other patient with poor outcome. There were 2 postoperative discitis that were treated with conservative care in one and anterior lumbar interbody fusion in the other. Conclusion : Evolving technology of mechanical, visual instrument enables minimal invasive procedure possible and effective. The transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery can reach as high as T12-L1 disc level. The rate of favorable outcome is mid-range among reported endoscopic lumbar surgery series. Authors believe that the outcome will be better as cases accumulate and will be able to reach the fate of standard open microsurgery.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1990

무심천의 오염실태와 그 방지책을 강구하기 위하여 1989년 8월과 9월 2회에 걸쳐 채수한 수질을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 8, 9월의 주간 무심천 수온은 미생물과 조류의 생육에 지장이 없는 것으로 보이는25.8-$30.8^{\circ}C$로써 자정능력이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 동 기간중 무심천수의 pH는 St 14를 제외하고는 6.5-8.5 범위이었다. 3. St 18(분뇨처리장 배수구와 무심천의 합류지점)에서 9월에 DO가 0.7 ppm까지 내려가는 현상이 관찰되었다. 4. St 18에서 BOD가 최고 62.1 ppm으로써 분뇨 처리장 방류수의 BOD 허용치인 40 ppm 을 크게 초과하였다. 또한 SS도 8, 9월에 각각 200과 520ppm으로써 허용치인 70 ppm을 3-7배 초과 하였다. 5. St 18에서 9월중에 $NH_3-N$이 46.2 ppm이나 되는 것은 분뇨로 크게 오염되어 있음을 말해 준다. 6. 9월중 사직동 하수의 BOD 부하량은 약 0.306ton/day이었다. 7. 무심천 본류보다 무심천으로 유입되는 지천과 가정하수구 및 분뇨처리장 방류수에서 오염도가 훨씬 높았다. 8. St 12(사직동 하수)의 2시간별로 채수한 시료에서 오염물질의 부하량이 인근 주민의 생활주기와 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 9. 1979년 무심천 수질 분석 결과와 비교해 볼 때 영운동 취수장(St 9)에서는 큰 차이가 없었으나 사직동 하수(청주대교 밑, St 12)와 제2운천교(St 15)에서는 최근 10년 동안 수질이 더욱 악화되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2016

The feeding habits of juvenile and young Seriola quinqueradiata, which were collected by a hand net and set net in coastal waters of the South Sea during the period from June to August 2014 and 2015, were analyzed. The size range of juveniles was 4.9-10.9 cm FL, and that of young S. quinqueradiata was 11.0-20.4 cm FL. Important prey items in the diets of juveniles were euphausiacea and copepoda, dominated by the Euphausia sp., Paracalanus sp. and Calanus sinicus while the diets of the young consisted mainly of pisces, dominated by Engraulis japonicus, Trachurus japonicus. Stomach content compositions differed significantly among body size levels in both the juveniles and young (ANOSIM, P<0.05). With increasing size, the mN/ST constantly decreased while the mW/ST constantly increased (one-way ANOVA). Graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that juvenile S. quinqueradiata are generalized feeders, young is a specialized feeders characterized by strong individual feeding specialization.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.228-233
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in breast tumor bed volume during whole breast irradiation (WBI). Materials and Methods: From September 2011 to November 2012, thirty patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by WBI using computed tomography (CT) simulation were enrolled. Simulation CT scans were performed before WBI (CT1) and five weeks after the breast irradiation (CT2). The tumor bed was contoured based on surgical clips, seroma, and postoperative change. We retrospectively analyzed the factors associated with tumor bed volumetric change. Results: The median tumor bed volume on CT1 and CT2 was 29.72 and 28.6 mL, respectively. The tumor bed volume increased in 9 of 30 patients (30%) and decreased in 21 of 30 patients (70%). The median percent change in tumor bed volume between initial and boost CT was -5%. Seroma status (p = 0.010) was a significant factor in tumor bed volume reduction of 5% or greater. However, patient age, body mass index, palpability, T stage, axillary lymph node dissection, and tumor location were not significant factors for tumor bed volumetric change. Conclusion: In this study, volumetric change of tumor bed cavity was frequent. Patients with seroma after BCS had a significant volume reduction of 5% or greater in tumor bed during breast irradiation. Thus, resimulation using CT is indicated for exquisite boost treatment in breast cancer patients with seroma after surgery.

• Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Background Creating a natural-looking umbilicus during closure of the donor-site in abdominally based free flap breast reconstruction is a factor of satisfaction for both the patient and surgeon. We present a simple method of umbilical transposition that results in an aesthetic, natural-looking umbilicus. Methods From March 2011 to November 2014, fifty three consecutive female patients received abdominal flap breast reconstruction. Twenty patients (from March 2011 to February 2013) underwent umbilical transposition through a cross like incision in the abdominal flap, with fascial fixation sutures but no dermal flaps. Thirty three patients (March 2013 to November 2014) received umbilical transposition in the following method. An oval-shaped incision is made at the location of the new umbilicus on the abdominal flap. This oval is deepithelialized, and full-thickness incisions are made at the 2, 6, and 10 o'clock directions to create three triangular dermal flaps. These are pulled down to the abdominal fascia using sutures that pass through the umbilical stalk and the abdominal fascia at the 3, 9, and 12 o'clock directions. This results in an umbilical stalk lined with dermal flaps, creates a natural periumbilical concavity, and anchors the abdominal flap inward to minimize tension. The cranial flap enhances superior hooding. Results Patient and surgeon satisfaction, surveyed 2 months after surgery with a satisfaction scoring system, were higher in the dermal flap group. Conclusions The technique using three dermal flaps in an oval skin incision is simple, relatively easy to learn, and results in an aesthetic, natural-looking umbilicus.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2003

We present a case of a colonic involvement associated with necrotizing pancreatitis, with a review of the literature. A 10 year old boy had an appendectomy at the local clinic ten days ago. On admission, he complained nausea, vomiting and severe constipation. His abdomen was distended and he had tenderness on the left abdomen. Laboratory and radiologic studies revealed findings consistent with acute pancreatitis with colonic complication. He was treated conservatively for 30 days but did not improve. On hospital 30th day, abdominal pain developed and his vital sign changed. Abdominal CT suggested ischemic change of the transverse colon. At laparotomy, the left colon showed stenosis. The greatly distended transverse colon was resected and a transverse end colostomy was done. He was discharged at postoperative 45th day with improvement and colostomy closure was performed 8 months later.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2012

Introduction: To evaluate the 3-dimensional changes in the pharyngeal airway of skeletal class III patients after bimaxillary surgery. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 18 Korean patients that had undergone maxillary setback or posterosuperior movement and mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy setback surgery due to skeletal class III malocclusion (8 males, 10 females; mean age of 28.7). Cone beam computed tomography was taken 1 month before and 6 months after orthognathic surgery. Preoperative and postoperative volumes of the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and laryngopharyngeal airways and minimum axial areas of the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces were measured. Moreover, the pharyngeal airway volume of the patient group that had received genioplasty advancement was compared with the other group that had not. Results: The nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces did not show significant differences before or after surgery. However, the oropharyngeal space volume and total volume of pharyngeal airway decreased significantly (P<0.05). The minimum axial area of the oropharynx also decreased significantly. Conclusion: The results indicate that bimaxillary surgery decreased the volume and the minimum axial area of the oropharyngeal space. Advanced genioplasty did not seem to have a significant effect on the volumes of the oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal spaces.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2019

본 연구는 평창의 남한강 지류 기화천에 출현하는 어류 군집 구조 및 Phoxinus phoxinus와 Rhynchocypris kumgangensis의 분포 특성을 파악하고자 2013년 3월부터 11월까지 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 총 6과 19종의 어류가 출현하였으며, 개체수 및 생체량 우점종은 R. kumgangensis (Individuals 44.7%, Biomass 30.2%), 아우점종은 P. phoxinus (Individuals 27.7%, Biomass 15.9%)이었다. 고유종은 Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Hemibarbus mylodon, Gobiobotia brevibarba, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, R. kumgangensis, Zacco koreanus, Korecobitis rotundicaudata, Iksookimis koreensis, Coreoperca herzi 등 10종이었고, 멸종위기종은 P. tenuicorpus, G. brevibarba, P. phoxinus 등 3종이었고, 천연기념물 Hemibarbus mylodon이 출현하였다. 양식용으로 국외에서 도입된 Onchorhynchus mykiss와 국내 이입종인 Oncorhynchus masou masou가 확인되었다. 우점종인 R. kumgangensis는 모든 조사지점에서 출현하였으며, St. 6을 제외하고 b값이 3.0 이상이고 K값의 기울기가 양의 상관성을 보였다. P. phoxinus는 조사지점 St. 3~St. 6에서 출현하였으며, St. 3과 St. 4에서만 안정적인 개체군 상태를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2020

Background: Risk assessment for pulmonary resection in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important for minimizing postoperative morbidity. Depletion of skeletal muscle mass is closely associated with impaired nutritional status and limited physical ability. We evaluated the relationship between skeletal muscle depletion and early postoperative complications in patients with early-stage NSCLC. Methods: Patients who underwent curative lung resection between 2016 and 2018 and who were diagnosed with pathological stage I/II NSCLC were included, and their records were retrospectively analyzed. The psoas volume index (PVI, ㎤/㎥) was calculated based on computed tomography images from routine preoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Early postoperative complications, defined as those occurring within 90 days of surgery, were compared between the lowest sex-specific quartile for PVI and the remaining quartiles. Results: A strong correlation was found between the volume and the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle (R²=0.816). The overall rate of complications was 57.6% among patients with a low PVI and 32.8% among those with a normal-to-high PVI. The most common complication was prolonged air leak (low PVI, 16.9%; normal-to-high PVI, 9.6%), followed by pneumonia (low PVI, 13.6%; normal-to-high PVI, 7.9%) and recurrent pleural effusion (low PVI, 11.9%; normal-to-high PVI, 6.8%). The predictors of overall complications were low PVI (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-4.09; p=0.03), low hemoglobin level (OR, 0.686; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87; p=0.002), and smoking history (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.03-7.58; p<0.001). Conclusion: Low PVI was associated with a higher rate of early postoperative complications in patients with early-stage NSCLC.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify health needs of the elderly at nursing homes by long-term care grade. Methods: The health needs of 116 elders at two nursing homes in Seoul were measured with resident assessment protocols (RAPs), activities of daily living (ADL), and cognitive performance scale (CPS), and pain and depression were measured by resident assessment instrument (RAI). Results: With regard to RAPs, 11 out of 18 items had different distribution in the 3 groups significantly. The 1st-grade elders had a higher percentage of 9 items than the 2nd- and 3rd-grade ones but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest health needs related with activity. The 2nd-grade elders had similar health needs to the 1st-grade ones. In terms of functional level, the 1st-grade elders had the highest percentage of CPS and ADL but the 3rd-grade ones had the highest score of pain and depression out of the 3 groups. The standardized assessment instrument to identify specific health needs by the 3 groups should be developed. Therefore, care plans to meet health needs of the 3 groups will be made. Conclusion: It is suggested that nursing care is required to the elderly of the 1st- and 2nd-grade and safe activity and environment to the 3rd-graded ones.