• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1225-1230
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• 2004

The stability of fluoroalkyl groups as a pendent on the phenyl ring was measured in vitro using rat hepatic microsomes and human serum to predict their in vivo stabilities. We have prepared three [$^{18}F$]fluoroalkyl-biphenyls as the model compounds of fluoroalkyl aromatic compounds to compare the in vitro stabilities. In addition, in vitro stabilities were measured separately using rat hepatic microsomes and human serum at $37^{\circ}C$. Fluoroethylbiphenyl had similar or slightly superior stability to fluoropropylbiphenyl and these two compounds were much more stable than fluoromethylbiphenyl in vitro.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the improvement in utilization efficiency of total mixed ration (TMR) on Tibetan plateau, TMR were ensiled with different additives. Methods: A total of 150 experimental silos were prepared in a completely randomized design to evaluate the six treatments: i) control (without additive), ii) Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri), iii) acetic acid, iv) propionic acid, v) 1,2-propanediol; and vi) 1-propanol. After 90 days of ensiling, silos were opened for fermentation quality and in vitro analysis, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 14 days. Results: Treating with L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol and 1-propanol decreased propionic acid contents and yeast number, whereas increased (p<0.05) pH, acetic acid and ethanol contents in the fermented TMR. Despite increased dry matter (DM) loss in the TMRs treated with 1,2-propanediol and 1-pronanol, additives did not affect (p>0.05) all in vitro parameters including gas production at 24 h (GP24), GP rate constant, potential GP, in vitro DM digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility. All additives improved the aerobic stability of ensiled TMR to different extents. Specially, aerobic stability of the ensiled TMR were substantially improved by L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol, indicated by stable pH and lactic acid content during the aerobic stability test. Conclusion: L. buchneri, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol, and 1-propanol had no adverse effect on in vitro digestibility, while ensiling TMR with the additives produced more acetic acid and ethanol, subsequently resulting in improvement of aerobic stability. There is a potential for some fermentation boosting additives to enhance aerobic stability of fermented TMR on Tibetan plateau.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1808-1812
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to examine the efficiency of microcapsules and a stability of lactase in vitro in the simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. As a coating materials, medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) were used. The highest efficiency of microencapsulation was found in the ratio of 15:1 as coating to core material with both MCT (91.5%) and PGMS (75.4%). In a subsequent experiment, lactose content was measured to study a microcapsule stability. Lysis of microcapsules made by MCT in simulated gastric fluid was proportionally increased such as 3% in pH 5 and 11% in pH 2 for 20 min incubation. In the case of PGMS microcapsulation, 11-13% of lactose was hydrolyzed at 20 min in all pHs and also very little amount (less than 3%) of lactose was hydrolyzed after 20 min in all pHs. The highest percentages of lactose hydrolysis in MCT and PGMS microcapsules were 68.8 and 60.8% in pHs 7 and 8 during 60 min, respectively. Based on our data, the lactase microcapsules seemed to be stable when they stay in the stomach, and hydrolyzed rapidly in small intestine where the bile acid was excreted.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 커큐민 함유 에멀션의 안정성을 위해 필드하이드로젤로 쌀전분(RS), 1시간 효소처리한 전분(1GS), 24시간 효소처리한 전분(24GS), 96시간 효소처리한 전분(96GS)을 사용하였으며 이를 이용한 모델 프리믹스로 커큐민 탑재 필드하이드로젤 분말(FHP)을 제조하여 탑재된 커큐민의 안정성 및 in vitro 소화 후 커큐민 보유율의 변화를 관찰하였다. FHP는 커큐민 함유 에멀션분말(EMP)과 비교하여 재분산시 크리밍 현상없이 분산안전성을 보여주었다. 재분산 하이드로젤은 고온에서 녹으면서 오히려 액적(droplet)의 유착(coalescence)과 응집(flocculation)이 가속화되어 에멀션에 비해 열안정성이 떨어졌으나 UV 안정성은 RS-FHP와 1GS-FHP에서 유의적인 커큐민 보호 효과를 나타냈다. GS-FHP는 in vitro 소화 중 기름방울의 응집 및 유착이 발견되지 않았으며 소화 후 에멀션의 유상에 용해된 커큐민을 성공적으로 보호함을 확인하였다. 따라서, GS-FHP는 분말형태 프리믹스 개발에 새로운 소재로 사용 가능할 것이며 커큐민 외에 다른 다양한 소수성 기능성물질에 대해서도 적용을 확장할 수 있을것으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2006

We investigated in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity and bioavailability of small chemical inhibitors for Lck SH2 domain, which had a different scaffold such as an amide bond, reduced amide bond, N-methyl amide bond, thioamide bond, and urethane bond. Each of these compounds, with its particular scaffold, showed a different logP value, stability against serum enzyme, stability in buffer solution, and in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity. Overall results indicated that the SH2 inhibitor containing urethane bond can be a new lead compound because of its superior bioavailability, potent in vitro T-cell inhibitory activity, and facile synthesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.355-359
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• 2006

The functional stability of mRNA is one of the crucial factors affecting the efficiency of in vitro translation. As the rapid degradation of mRNA in the cell extract (S30 extract) causes early termination of the translational reactions, extending the mRNA half-life will improve the productivity of the in vitro protein synthesis. Thus, a simple PCR-based method is introduced to increase the stability of mRNA in an S30 extract. The target genes are PCR-amplified with primers designed to make the ends of the transcribed mRNA molecule anneal to each other. When compared with normal mRNA, the mRNA with the annealing sequences resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase of protein synthesis in an in vitro translation reaction. In addition, sequential transcription and translation reactions in a single tube enabled direct protein expression from the PCR-amplified genes without any separate purification of the mRNA.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Sixteen microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers) were employed to examine the genetic stability of 27 randomly chosen date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants produced through somatic embryogenesis with upto forty two in vitro subcultures. No microsatellite DNA variation was observed among all micropropagated plants. Our results indicate that the micropropagation protocol used for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate and suitable for clonal propagation of date palm and corroborated that somatic embryogenesis can also be used as one of the safe modes for production of true-to-type plants of date palm. This is the first report on the use of microsatellite DNA markers to establish the genetic stability in micropropagated date palm plants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2009

The fermentative quality and quantitative change in anthocyanin of anthocyanin-rich corn (Zea mays L.) during storage and in vitro ruminal fermentation were studied. The anthocyanin-rich corn silages in bag silo, drum silo and round bale had good fermentative qualities, such as low pH (5% DM) and butyric acid-free, and its quality was maintained for more than 370 d. The amount of anthocyanin in the anthocyanin-rich corn decreased after ensiling by about 45% (from 3.34 to 1.88 mg/g DM), but stayed constant after day 60. The in vitro incubation of the anthocyanin-rich corn with ruminal fluid revealed little degradation of anthocyanin. These results indicate that the anthocyanin had no negative effect on silage fermentation, and the anthocyanin-rich corn silage is utilizable for practical use as a feedstuff. Our results also demonstrate alteration of the anthocyanin content during storage, and show that anthocyanin-rich corn is a suitable antioxidant source for ruminants because of the high stability of the anthocyanin in ruminal fluid.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2006

The addition of zeolite particles enhances the stability of mRNA molecules in a cell-free protein synthesis system. When $20{\mu}g/{\mu}L$ of zeolite (Y5.4) is added to a reaction mixture of cell-free protein synthesis, a substantial increase in protein synthesis is observed. The stabilizing effect of zeolite is most dearly observed in an in vitro translation reaction directed by purified mRNA, as opposed to a coupled transcription and translation reaction. Upon the addition of zeolite in the in vitro translation reaction, the life span of the mRNA molecules is substantially extended, leading to an 80% increase in protein synthesis. The effect of zeolite upon the mRNA stability appears be strongly related to the cation exchange (potassium to sodium) reaction. Our results demonstrate the possibility of modifying this biological process using heterogeneous, non-biological substances in a cell-free protein synthesis system.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1995

The in vitro antibacterial activities of new carbapenem. CRB 529, 535, 538, 545 and 550 with meropenem and imipenem were compared. CRB 529. 535, 538, 545 and 550 proved to have a broad an tibacterial spectrum. Its in vitro activity against standard 20 strains was almost the same as that of imipenem and slightly higher than that of meropenem. However. against clinical isolated P. aeruginosa, CRB 529, 535, 538, 545 and 550 showed significantly higher activity than imipenem, and also CRB 529, 535, 538, 545 and 550 showed almost the same activity than imipenem and meropenem against 82 clinical isolated strains including S. aureus (MRSA), S. aureus (MSSA), E. faecalis, E. facium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, P. mirabiris, P. stuartii, M. morganii, C. freundii, E. cloacae, S. marcescens and A. calcoaceticus var. anitratus. The stability of CRB 529, 535, 538, 545 and 550 against porcine renal dehydropeptidase-I(DHP-1) was 10 folds higher than that of imipenem and was 3 folds higher than that of meropenem.