• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2005

We investigated the growth inhibitory effects of Atrina pecitinata (AP) on the proliferation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. AP was extracted with methanol which was further fractionated into four different types: methanol (APMM), haxane (APMH), butanol (APMB), and aquous layers (APMA). Among various partition layers, the APMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines which we used. In the MTT assay of AP fractions, the growth inhibitory effects was increased in proportion to its concentration. We observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of AP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of APMM on HepG2 cell at 80 $\mu$g/mL concentration indicated 2.0 with a control value of 1.0.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1992

Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba commonly found in moist soil and fresh water, enters the body via the nasal mucosa and migrates along the olfactory nerve to t he brain, where it causes acute amoebic meningoencephalitis. In the present study 7 clones secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against N. fowleri were produced and the effector function of them was investigated. Their isotopes were IgGl (Nf 1, Nf 154), 19G3 (Nf 137) and 19A (Nf 1, Nf 2, Nf 256, Nf 279). Five McAbs (McAb Nf 2, Nf 279, Nf 27, Nf 154, Nf 137) were specific for N. fowleri by ELISA and recognized the antigenic determinants located on the trophoBoite surface by IFAT and immunoperoxidase stain. These aye McAbs had capacity to agglutinate N. fowleri trophozoites and inhibited the growth of the amoeba in culture medium. McAb Nf 2 inhibited proliferation of trophozoites in vitro significantly. Also the cytotoxicity of JV. fowleri against CHO cell was reduced in the presence of McAb Nf 2 and McAb Nf 154. From these results McAb Nf 2 was confirmed to weaken the virulence of the amoeba among 7 screened McAbs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.560-564
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-Bacillus cereus activity of actinonin. Actinonin inhibited the growth of B. cereus in a dose dependent manner. The growth-inhibitory activity of actinonin was evaluated using a broth micro-dilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar disk diffusion tests. B. cereus showed high susceptibility to actinonin in a concentration-dependent manner and MIC was determined to be $0.192{\mu}g/mL$. Additionally, 1 and 2 mM actinonin induced formation of B. cereus inhibition zones. In addition, as compared to B. cereus alone, B. cereus added with $10{\mu}M$ actinonin showed a lower level of cytotoxicity in HeLa cells in vitro. Thus, this study revealed that actinonin could be a potential source of a natural antimicrobial agent or a pharmaceutical component against B. cereus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.773-777
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• 2014

The anti-inflammatory activity of onion juices prepared from sulfur-fertilized onions was investigated by measuring the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes cultured under hyperglycemic condition. Human monocytic (THP-1) cells were cultured under normoglycemic (NG, 5.5 mM glucose) or hyperglycemic (HG, 25 mM glucose) conditions, with or without onion juice. Without onion juice, cell viability decreased significantly in the HG state for 48 h, compared to that in the NG state. With onion juice ($50-150{\mu}L$) treatment, the cell viability was not different from that under the NG condition, suggesting that onion juice prevented HG-induced monocytes cytotoxicity. While the HG condition in vitro significantly induced TNF-${\alpha}$ release from THP-1 cells and its gene expression, onion juice ($50{\mu}L$) significantly suppressed them. This indicates that onion juice inhibited HG-induced cytokine production in monocytes. These results suggest that onion juice from sulfur-fertilized onions can be used for the prevention of diabetes and related diseases.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2004

The present study is to determine whether the Red-ginseng extract has a proliferative or cytotoxic effect on the human neuronal stem cells(hNSCs). The hNSCs were grown and incubated with different doses of Red-ginseng extract. We tested the proliferative or cytotoxic effects by MTT and FACS analysis. Cell viability cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and bax or PARP expressions were evaluated. The hNSCs showed a proliferafe trend with its peak concentration at 0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Beyond this point, higher doses decreased viabilities and showed a cytotoxic effect at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. There was a tendency of increased S and G2/M phases during cell proliferation. In a cytotoxic condition, decreased S phase and increased G0/G1 phases were noted, suggesting cell cycle arrest. The cytotoxic effect was associated with increase DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner, However PARP cleavage or bax expression was not detected. Our results suggest that Red-ginseng extract has dual effects, the cell proliferative or cytotoxic effect, on hNSCs in vitro with dose-dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1996

The present study was carried out to sex effectively mouse and rabbit embryos using rat H-Y antiserum and to improve the rate of rat producing H-Y antiserum with H-Y antibody. The H-Y antiserum was prepared from inbred SD strain female rat immunized by intrasplenic injection and subsequent intraperitioneal booster of testis cell of syngenic male newborn rat. the titer of antiserum was identified by in vitro cytotoxicity test of mouse embryos. The rabbit embryos exposed to the H-Y antiserum was classified to the developed (H-Y negative) or delayed (H-Y positive) group. The H-Y negative rabbit embryos were transferred to recipients and sex of offspring was examined. 1. When mouse embryos were exposed to the rat H-Y antisera, the ratio of embryos developed vs delayed was various. The H-Y antisera where the ratio of embryos developed vs delayed showed the range of 40~60% were recognized as having titer of H-Y antibody. 2. When the subsequent intraperitioneal boosters were followed after priming of intrasplenic injection of H-Y antigen, the rate of rat producting the H-Y antiserum with H-U antibody was 13, 27, 70 and 73% in control, 1st B, 2nd B and 3rd B, respectively. The rate in 2nd B and 3rd B was significantly(P<0.05) higher than that in control and 1st B. 3. When the rabbit morulae were exposed to the rat H-Y antiserum with H-Y antibody, the ratio of morulae developed versus delayed was 42:58% and it was close to the natural sex ratio 50:50%. It was confirmed that the rat H-Y antiserum was cross reactive to the rabbit morulae. 4. When the H-Y negative rabbit embryos were transferred to the recipients, the pregnancy rate was 50% and 83% of the newborns were females. In conclusion, the rat H-Y antiserum with high titer of H-Y antibody was able to be obtained from the female rat immunized by the intrasplenic injection followed by the second intrapent oneal booster of testis cells at a week interval. When the rabbit embryos negative to the rat H-Y antiserum were transferred, 83% of the newborns were females.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2012

Objectives : NK cells are spontaneously cytotoxic lymphocytes. These are not only important parts in the first line of defence against bacterial and viral infections of outside, but they may also play a critical role in chronic viral diseases. NK cells kill their targets spontaneously, without the need for prior sensitization and class I MHC restriction by the regulation of cytolytic functions and secretion of a variety of cytokines, such as interleukin-12(IL-12), MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$. In addition, macrophage and NK cells cooperate through the production of cell mediates. These cooperation and modulation are one of major factors to prevent for evading immune surveillance of cancer. Hence, it could be assumed that if any candidate to enhance activities of macrophage and NK cell, it is considered as a potentially useful agents against cancer. Methods : In our study, to investigate effect of fermented soybean extracts by Lactic acid bacteria (SFE, soybean fermented extracts) work on intestinal immune cell to maintain general immune modulating and anti-cancer activity. We analyzed NK cytotoxicity assay and gene expressions of cytokine related with macrophage and NK cell activity. Results : In vitro experiment, SFE was verified as safety material for cell toxicicty to tumor cell strain without any toxicity of tumor growth inhibition and various cell strain. Effects of macrophage activity stimulating directly by SFE measured induced cytokine. The studies showed that IL-12 production by stimulation of SFE depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 0.63mg/mL with non toxicity to cell, and it was the best activity at 0.63mg/mL. Besides, the effective concentration of SFE producing TNF-${\alpha}$ is similar to IL-12, but it was the best activity at 1.25mg/mL. The level of MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ depended on concentration from 0.16mg/mL to 10mg/mL, IFN-${\gamma}$ showed the best activity at the effective concentration of 0.63mg/mL. With the result of NK cell activity measurement, the spleen cell of mouse injected SFE had 1.5 times higher killing effect than non injected cell. Conclusions : The result of this studies is that Soybean fermetated extracts(SFE) has possibility to immune aided material for the function not only inhibition of microbial infection to macrophage but also activity of adaption immune and cellular immune system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.745-754
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• 2021

Deterioration of the immune function weakens the body's resistance to various infections, leading to a series of diseases. Immunomodulatory biomaterials have been used to reduce the side effects of immunosuppressants or to enhance immunity. Agarwood is the aromatic resinous portion of Aquilaria trees that has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases. Although previous studies have shown that agarwood can improve the body's immunity, evidence for this claim is still lacking. In this study, the immune-enhancing effects of the agarwood methanol extracts of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk were evaluated in a RAW 264.7 macrophage model. Based on the results, the agarwood extracts markedly enhanced phagocytosis in the absence of cytotoxicity. The agarwood extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells exhibited the typical morphology of activated macrophages, which are spindle-shaped with elongated filopodia. Agarwood extract also significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is associated with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase. Moreover, the secretion and expression levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were increased by agarwood treatment. Notably, these are also associated with a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide scientific evidence that agarwood has potential immune-enhancing effects in vitro.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-116
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study, we investigated anti-thrombotic effects of Gamihyunbooleekyungtang currently used clinical treatment of dysmenorrhea and compared effects by decoction methods. Methods: Gamihyunbooleekyungtang was extracted by pressure extractor (GHYT) and nonpressure extractor(GHYT-1). Inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppression effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PEG_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effect were tested in vitro. Also suppression of pulmonary embolism was studied in vivo. Results: In this study, both GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed a safety in cytotoxicity of hFCs. Both showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation. GHYT-1 extract is usually higher than GHYT, especially for $E_{max}$. GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities. GHYT extract suppressed significantly $TXB_2$ biosynthesis at 1000, $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and also suppressed significantly $PEG_2$ biosynthesis at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with the control group. GHYT-1 suppressed significantly $TXB_2$ biosynthesis at $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as compared with the control group. Also it suppressed pulmonary embolism triggered by collagen and epinephrine by respectively 50%, 75% as compared with the control group. Both GHYT and GHYT-1 extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest that Gamihyunbooleekyungtang can be used for treating dysmenorrhea caused by thrombosis. Nonpressure decoction method is a little more effective, but more detailed studies would be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.924-930
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• 2002

Ixeris dentata extracts exllibited antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi. Also EtOH extracts showed strong antioxidant activity and RC$_{50}$ value was 28 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. The inhibitory effect of Ixeris dentata on the mutagenicity in Salmonella and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ixeris dentata extracts showed anti-mutagenic effects of 78.83 and 75.96% on B(a)P in S. typhimurium TA98 and Th100, respectively. These extracts showed 78.72% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The Ixeris dentata extract with strong antimutagenic activities was further fractionated by hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Butanol fraction was found to be highest in antimutagenic activity against MNNG than the other fractions. Butanol fraction of Ixreis dentate revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AS49 human lung carcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 93.75% at 375 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of ixeris dentate exhibited 68.56% inhibition against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Hexane fraction of Ixeris dentata exhibited 84.91% inhibition against Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. From these results, it is considered that Ixeris dentata has strong antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro. However, these extracts and fractions did not show any cytotoxic effect against 293 cells.