• Title/Summary/Keyword: In vitro Evaluation

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A literature review on clinical/ laboratory misfit evaluation on implant-prosthesis (임플란트와 상부보철물의 임상적/실험적 부적합 평가에 관한 문헌고찰)

  • Kim, Jong-Hoi;Cho, Woong-Rae;Ko, Kyung-Ho;Huh, Yoon-Hyuk;Park, Chan-Jin;Cho, Lee-Ra
    • The Journal of the Korean dental association
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    • v.56 no.9
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    • pp.462-478
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    • 2018
  • The presence of implant-prosthesis misfits can cause various complications. It is very important to detect misfits to prevent such complications. There are various evaluation methods for misfit assessment including clinical methods and laboratory in vitro methods. The clinical misfit evaluation includes radiographic analysis, visual observation, probing, Sheffield test, evaluation with disclosing materials, and screw resistance test. The laboratory in vitro evaluation method includes indirect modelling evaluation and direct metrological visualization. Of the indirect modelling methods, photoelastic stress analysis, finite element analysis, strain gauge analysis, and microbial colonization analysis were reviewed. Of the direct metrological visualization, microscopic analysis, 3-D photogrammetric analysis, coordinate measuring analysis, and radiographic analysis were reviewed. In this review, the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated.

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Comparison of media for a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based in vitro vaccine evaluation system

  • Shuran Gong;Putri Fajar;Jacqueline De Vries-Idema;Anke Huckriede
    • Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.328-336
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-based in vitro systems can be of great value in the development and assessment of vaccines but require the right medium for optimal performance of the different cell types present. Here, we compare three commonly used media for their capacity to support innate and adaptive immune responses evoked in PBMCs by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and whole inactivated virus (WIV) influenza vaccine. Materials and Methods: Human PBMCs were cultured for different periods of time in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), Dulbecco's minimal essential medium (DMEM), or Iscove's modified DMEM (IMDM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The viability of the cells was monitored and their responses to TLR ligands and WIV were assessed. Results: With increasing days of incubation, the viability of PBMCs cultured in RPMI or IMDM was slightly higher than that of cells cultured in DMEM. Upon exposure of the PBMCs to TLR ligands and WIV, RPMI was superior to the other two media in terms of supporting the expression of genes related to innate immunity, such as the TLR adaptor protein gene MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes MxA (myxovirus resistance protein 1) and ISG56 (interferon-stimulated gene 56), and the leukocyte recruitment chemokine gene MCP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). RPMI also performed best with regard to the activation of antigen-presenting cells. As for adaptive immunity, when stimulated with WIV, PBMCs cultured in RPMI or IMDM contained higher numbers of IFNγ-producing T cells and secreted more immunoglobulin G than PBMCs cultured in DMEM. Conclusion: Taken together, among the different media assessed, RPMI was identified as the optimal medium for a human PBMC-based in vitro vaccine evaluation system.

Improving Nutritional Quality of Cocoa Pod (Theobroma cacao) through Chemical and Biological Treatments for Ruminant Feeding: In vitro and In vivo Evaluation

  • Laconi, Erika B.;Jayanegara, Anuraga
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2015
  • Cocoa pod is among the by-products of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations. The aim of this study was to apply a number of treatments in order to improve nutritional quality of cocoa pod for feeding of ruminants. Cocoa pod was subjected to different treatments, i.e. C (cocoa pod without any treatment or control), CAm (cocoa pod+1.5% urea), CMo (cocoa pod+3% molasses), CRu (cocoa pod+3% rumen content) and CPh (cocoa pod+3% molasses+Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum). Analysis of proximate and Van Soest's fiber fraction were performed on the respective treatments. The pods were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility evaluation by incubation in rumen fluid-buffer medium, employing a randomized complete block design (n = 3 replicates). Further, an in vivo evaluation of the pods (35% inclusion level in total mixed ration) was conducted by feeding to young Holstein steers (average body weight of $145{\pm}3.6kg$) with a $5{\times}5$ latin square design arrangement (n = 5 replicates). Each experimental period lasted for 30 d; the first 20 d was for feed adaptation, the next 3 d was for sampling of rumen liquid, and the last 7 d was for measurements of digestibility and N balance. Results revealed that lignin content was reduced significantly when cocoa pod was treated with urea, molasses, rumen content or P. chrysosporium (p<0.01) with the following order of effectiveness: CPh>CAm>CRu>CMo. Among all treatments, CAm and CPh treatments significantly improved the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05) of cocoa pod. Average daily gain of steers receiving CAm or CPh treatment was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.01) with an increase of 105% and 92%, respectively. Such higher daily gain was concomitant with higher N retention and proportion of N retention to N intake in CAm and CPh treatments than those of control (p<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that treatment with either urea or P. chrysosporium is effective in improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod.

Evaluation of the Genetic Toxicity of Synthetic Chemical (XVIII)-in vitro Mouse Lymphoma Assay and in vivo Supravital Micronucleus Assay with Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)

  • Kim, Youn-Jung;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.172-176
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    • 2007
  • Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is widely used antioxidant food additives. It has been extensively studied for potential toxicities. BHT appears adverse effects in liver and thyroid. In this study, we evaluated the genetic toxicity of BHT with more advanced methods, in vitro mouse lymphoma assay $tk^{+/-}$ gene assay (MLA) and in vivo mouse supravital micronucleus (MN) assay. BHT did not appear the significantly results in the absence and presence of metabolic activation system with MLA. Also, in vivo testing of BHT yielded negative results with supravital MN assay. These results suggest that BHT itself was not generally considered genotoxic.

Rapid In Vitro Methods for Protein Evaluation (단백질(蛋白質) 품질평가(品質評價)를 위(爲)한 신속방법(迅速方法))

  • Ryu, Hong-Soo;Lee, Kang-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.202-213
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    • 1985
  • The protein nutritional quality of foods has become an important factor to food processors with the advent of nutritional labeling regulations for foods. Then, as is true today, the officially approved assay for protein nutritional quality was the rat based protein efficiency ratio(PER) bioassay. The PER bioassay requires a minimum of 28 days to performe, and is therefore not applicable to routine quality assurance use by the food industry. Within the past ten years there has been a research emphasis placed on the development of rapid, inexpensive, biological and/or chemical based assays for protein nutritional quality. It was hoped that if a rapid assay could be developed and thoroughly tested, it could be used in lieu of the PER bioassay in the day-to-day quality assurance screening of food ingredients and products. The rapid assays developed in the hope of attaining this goal have been based on microorganisms, proteolytic enzymes, and amino acid profiles, as well as combinations of the above. In this review, it will be described and briefly discussed many of procedures which had contributed conceptually as well as practically to the development of in vitro methods for the evaluation of protein quality. Special emphasis will be placed on the C-PER(computed protein efficiency ratio) assay which combines data from in vitro protease digestion and amino acid composition to predict protein nutritional quality designed by Satterlee et al. (1980), and the DC-PER(discriminant computed PER) which is a method of estimating protein quality based on rat assay and in vitro digestibility obtained using solely essential amino acid data will be also introduced.

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Evaluation of Protein Hydrolysis and Amino Acid Ratio among Different Goat Cuts by in vitro Digestion Model

  • Jei, Oh;Joohyun, Kang;Susie, Kim;Jeonghyun, Cho;Yohan, Yoon
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.411-417
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate protein hydrolysis and the amino acid ratio among different cuts of goat meat, such as the foreleg, hindleg, loin, and rib, using an in vitro digestion model. The corresponding cuts of beef and pork were used to compare with the goat meat. The hindleg (8.32%) and rib (8.32%) had the highest levels of protein hydrolysis among the goat cuts. There was no significant difference in protein hydrolysis between goat and pork (8.57%), ribs (P > 0.05), which had higher levels of protein hydrolysis than the beef ribs. Before digestion, the glutamine (53.44%) and glycine (11.03%) ratios were highest in the pre-digested goat foreleg and loin (P < 0.05). After in vitro digestion, goat ribs had the highest lysine ratio (17.54%) among the different cuts, and the lysine ratio was significantly higher in goat ribs than beef ribs (P < 0.05). This study provides basic data on protein hydrolysis and the amino acid composition of different cuts of goat meat, which may facilitate the evaluation of protein digestion patterns and bioavailability.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SPF INDEX AND SAFETY MARKER IN SUNCREENS

  • Kim, Jong-Won;Suh, Soo-Kyung;Park, Ju-Young;Park, Chang-Won;Seo, Kyung-Won;Kim, Kyu-Bong;Kim, Kwang-Jin;Kim, Jae-Hee;Lee, Sun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2002.11b
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    • pp.195-195
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    • 2002
  • In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

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Evaluation of Antioxidative Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum with Fuzzy Synthetic Models

  • Zhao, Jichun;Tian, Fengwei;Yan, Shuang;Zhai, Qixiao;Zhang, Hao;Chen, Wei
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.1052-1060
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    • 2018
  • Numerous studies suggest that the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on oxidative stress in vivo are correlated with their antioxidative activities in vitro; however, the relationship is still unclear and contradictory. The antioxidative activities of 27 Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from fermented foods were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities, reducing activity, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous chelating ability in vitro. Two fuzzy synthetic evaluation models, one with an analytic hierarchy process and one using entropy weight, were then used to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of these L. plantarum strains. Although there was some difference between the two models, the highest scoring strain (CCFM10), the middle scoring strain (CCFM242), and the lowest scoring strain (RS15-3) were obtained with both models. Examination of the antioxidative abilities of these three strains in $\text\tiny{D}$-galactose-induced oxidative stress mice demonstrated that their overall antioxidative abilities in vitro could reveal the abilities to alleviate oxidative stress in vivo. The current study suggests that assessment of overall antioxidative abilities with fuzzy synthetic models can guide the evaluation of probiotic antioxidants. It might be a more quick and effective method to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of LAB.

An in vitro Actinidia Bioassay to Evaluate the Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

  • Wang, Faming;Li, Jiewei;Ye, Kaiyu;Liu, Pingping;Gong, Hongjuan;Jiang, Qiaosheng;Qi, Beibei;Mo, Quanhui
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.372-380
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    • 2019
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is by far the most important pathogen of kiwifruit. Sustainable expansion of the kiwifruit industry requires the use of Psa-tolerant or resistant genotypes for the breeding of tolerant cultivars. However, the resistance of most existing kiwifruit cultivars and wild genotypes is poorly understood, and suitable evaluation methods of Psa resistance in Actinidia have not been established. A unique in vitro method to evaluate Psa resistance has been developed with 18 selected Actinidia genotypes. The assay involved debarking and measuring the lesions of cane pieces inoculated with the bacterium in combination with the observation of symptoms such as callus formation, sprouting of buds, and the extent to which Psa invaded xylem. Relative Psa resistance or tolerance was divided into four categories. The division results were consistent with field observations. This is the first report of an in vitro assay capable of large-scale screening of Psa-resistance in Actinidia germplasm with high accuracy and reproducibility. The assay would considerably facilitate the breeding of Psa-resistant cultivars and provide a valuable reference and inspiration for the resistance evaluation of other plants to different pathogens.

SAFETY EVALUATION OF SUNSCREENS (I) ; CORRELATION BETWEEN SUN PROTECTION FACTOR AND SKIN IRRITATION

  • Suh, Soo-Kyung;Kim, Jong-Won;Park, Ju-Young;Seo, Kyung-Won;Park, Chang-Won;Kim, Kyu-Bong;Kim, Kwang-Jin;Kim, Jong-Min;Lee, Sun-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.138-138
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    • 2002
  • In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary and cumulative skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

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