The Plant Pathology Journal

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An in vitro Actinidia Bioassay to Evaluate the Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

  • Wang, Faming (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Li, Jiewei (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Ye, Kaiyu (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Liu, Pingping (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Gong, Hongjuan (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Jiang, Qiaosheng (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Qi, Beibei (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany) ;
  • Mo, Quanhui (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Institute of Botany)
  • Received : 2019.02.20
  • Accepted : 2019.05.19
  • Published : 2019.08.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is by far the most important pathogen of kiwifruit. Sustainable expansion of the kiwifruit industry requires the use of Psa-tolerant or resistant genotypes for the breeding of tolerant cultivars. However, the resistance of most existing kiwifruit cultivars and wild genotypes is poorly understood, and suitable evaluation methods of Psa resistance in Actinidia have not been established. A unique in vitro method to evaluate Psa resistance has been developed with 18 selected Actinidia genotypes. The assay involved debarking and measuring the lesions of cane pieces inoculated with the bacterium in combination with the observation of symptoms such as callus formation, sprouting of buds, and the extent to which Psa invaded xylem. Relative Psa resistance or tolerance was divided into four categories. The division results were consistent with field observations. This is the first report of an in vitro assay capable of large-scale screening of Psa-resistance in Actinidia germplasm with high accuracy and reproducibility. The assay would considerably facilitate the breeding of Psa-resistant cultivars and provide a valuable reference and inspiration for the resistance evaluation of other plants to different pathogens.

Keywords

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Effects of incubation time and incubation temperature on lesion development of ‘Hongyang’ cane pieces inoculated with a suspension of Pseuodmonas syringae pv. actinidiae. (A) Disease development progress of 1-5 weeks post-inoculation; (B) Effects of incubation temperature on lesion development 5 weeks post-inoculation.

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Responses of representative genotypes of different resistant status after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae for 6 weeks. (A) Callus formation and buds sprouting on canes of resistant/tolerant genotype; (B) Dark-brown color on the cane with Psa ooze spilled in highly susceptible genotype; (C) Zero visible lesion symptom on high resistance genotype; (D) Lesion extended only into the outer epidermis and cortex tissues around the wound point for the resistant or moderate genotype; (E) Lesion partly extended into xylem only inside the wound side of susceptible genotype; (F) Lesion completely extended into the entire xylem and eventually the whole cane of highly susceptible genotype turned brown.

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_f0003.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Disease symptoms resulting from the inoculation with a suspension of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae of cane pieces of 18 genotypes with different levels of resistance. HR, highly resistant; R, resistant; M, moderate; T, tolerant; S, susceptible; HS, highly susceptible; Control is ‘Hongyang’ without the inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.

Table 1. Actinidia genotypes used in the assay and their response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) under field condition

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Disease symptoms of in vitro canes of different Actinida genotypes response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa)

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. The correlation analysis of lesion length of Actinida genotypes from 2015 to 2016

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Main disease symptoms used to classify Actinidia susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa)

E1PPBG_2019_v35n4_372_t0004.png 이미지

References

  1. Colombi, E., Straub, C., Kunzel, S., Templeton, M. D., McCann, H. C. and Rainey, P. B. 2017. Evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids. Environ. Microbiol. 19:819-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13662
  2. Donati, I., Buriani, G., Cellini, A., Mauri, S., Costa, G. and Spinelli, F. 2014. New insights on the bacterial canker of kiwi-fruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae). J. Berry Res. 4:53-67. https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-140073
  3. Ferrante, P., Fiorillo, E., Marcelletti, S., Marocchi, F., Mastroleo, M., Simeoni, S. and Scortichini, M. 2012. The importance of the main colonization and penetration sites of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and prevailing weather conditions in the development of epidemics in yellow kiwifruit, recently observed in central Italy. J. Plant Pathol. 94:455-461.
  4. Ferrante, P. and Scortichini, M. 2014. Frost promotes the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa plants. Plant Pathol. 63:12-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12070
  5. Froud, K. J., Everett, K. R., Tyson, J. L., Beresford, R. M. and Cogger, N. 2015. Review of the risk factors associated with kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. New Zeal. Plant Prot. 68:313-327. https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5828
  6. Gao, X. N., Huang, Q. L., Zhao, Z. B., Han, Q. M., Ke, X. W., Qin, H. Q. and Huang, L. L. 2016. Studies on the infection, colonization, and movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit tissues using a GFPuv-labeled strain. PLoS One 11:e0151169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151169
  7. Hoyte, S., Reglinski, T., Elmer, P., Mauchline, N., Stannard, K., Casonato, S., Ah Chee, A., Parry, F., Taylor, J., Wumers, K., Yu, J., Cornish, D. and Parry, J. 2015. Developing and using bioassays to screen for Psa resistance in New Zealand kiwifruit. Acta Hortic. 1095:171-180. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1095.21
  8. Lei, Y. H., Jing, Z. B. and Li, L. 2015. Selection and evaluation of a new kiwifruit rootstock hybrid for bacterial canker resistance. Acta Hortic. 1096:413-420. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1096.50
  9. Li, J. Q., Li, X. W. and Soejarto, D. D. 2007. Actinidiaceae. In:Flora of China illustrations, eds. by Z. Wu, P. Raven and L. Zhang, pp. 334-360. Missouri Botanic Garden Press, St Louis, MO, USA.
  10. Liu, P., Xue, S., He, R., Hu, J., Wang, X., Jia, B., Gallipoli, L., Mazzaglia, A., Balestra, G. M. and Zhu, L. 2016. Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae isolated from non-kiwifruit plant species in China. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 145:743-754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-016-0863-4
  11. Nardozza, S., Martinez-Sanchez, M., Curtis, C., Datson, P. M. and Montefiori, M. 2015. Screening Actinidia germplasm for different levels of tolerance, or resistance, to Psa (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae). Acta Hortic. 1096:351-355. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1096.40
  12. Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T., Takikawa, Y., Tsuyumu, S. and Goto, M. 1989. Occurrence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in Japan:Description of symptoms, isolation of the pathogen and screening of bactericides. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn 55:427-436. https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.55.427
  13. Serizawa, S. and Ichikawa, T. 1993a. Epidemiology of bacterial canker of Kiwifruit 4. Optimum temperature for disease development of new canes. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn 59:694-701 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.59.694
  14. Serizawa, S. and Ichikawa, T. 1993b. Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 2. The most suitable times and environments for infection on new canes. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn 59:460-468 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.59.460
  15. Serizawa, S., Ichikawa, T. and Suzuki, H. 1994. Epidemiology of bacterial canker of kiwifruit: 5. Effect of infection in fall to early winter on the disease development in branches and trunk after winter. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn 60:237-244 (in Japanese). https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.60.237
  16. Shi, Z. J., Zhang, H. Q., Xiao, J. P., Yang, L. Q., Sun, Z. W., Xie, M. and Ma, Y. 2014. The resistance evaluation of different kiwifruit varieties to bacterial canker. Acta Agric. Zhejiang. 26:752-759 (in Chinese).
  17. Vanneste, J. L. 2012. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa):a threat to the New Zealand and global kiwifruit industry. New Zeal. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 40:265-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2012.736084
  18. Vanneste, J. L. 2017. The scientific, economic, and social impacts of the New Zealand outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae). Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 55:377-399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035530
  19. Vanneste, J. L., Poliakoff, F., Audusseau, C., Cornish, D. A., Paillard, S., Rivoal, C. and Yu, J. 2011. First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in France. Plant Dis. 95:1311.
  20. Vanneste, J. L., Yu, J., Cornish, D. A., Tanner, D. J., Windner, R., Chapman, J. R., Taylor, R. K., Mackay, J. F. and Dowlut, S. 2013. Identification, virulence, and distribution of two biovars of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in New Zealand. Plant Dis. 97:708-719. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-12-0700-RE
  21. Vanneste, J. L., Cornish, D. A., Yu, J. and Stokes, C. A. 2014. First report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit on Actinidia arguta vines in New Zealand. Plant Dis. 98:418. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-13-0371-PDN
  22. Vanneste, J. L., Reglinski, T., Yu, J. and Cornish, D. A. 2015. Multiplication and movement of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit plants. Acta Hortic. 1095:117-122. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1095.14
  23. Wu, J. H. and Datson, P. M. 2015. Development of a method for in vitro germination of Actinidia seedlings to enable Psa bioassays and ploidy manipulation. Acta Hortic. 1096:383-388. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1096.45
  24. Yi, P. P., Fan, H. K., Lei, Y. S. and Wang, F. 2015. Preliminary study on SSR marker of gene linkage against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. J. Northwest A & F Univ. 43:91-98 (in Chinese).
  25. Zhang, H.-Q., Mao, X.-Q., Xiao, J.-P., Zhang, Z. and Xie, M. 2014. Rapid molecular identification of Actinidia bacterial canker and preliminary screening of resistant materials in kiwifruit. J. Nuclear Agric. Sci. 28:1181-1187 (in Chinese).