• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling disease, yet the diagnosis of this can be difficult to confirm by purely objective measures. Therefore, we performed three-phasic bone scans and thermography as a work up in order to determine their predictive value and usefulness for making the diagnosis of CRPS. Methods: 44 patients who had been diagnosed with CRPS type-1, according to the modified criteria, were evaluated. All the patients were examined by performing a three-phasic bone scan and thermography as part of a work-up for diagnostic confirmation. The diffuse increased tracer uptake in the delayed image (phase III) was estimated by the positive findings. The findings were considered positive for CRPS if the thermographic findings showed temperature asymmetries between the affected and non- affected extremities of more than $1.00^{\circ}C$ Results: A review of the three-phasic bone scan for 44 patients indicated that 16 patients (36.4%) had diffusely positive scans, and thermographic abnormalities were noted in 35 of 44 patients (79.5%). Conclusions: The use of thermography in clinical settings can play an important role in the diagnosis of CRPS. However, a three-phasic bone scan alone cannot provide a completely accurate diagnosis, so it is imperative that the three-phasic bone scan data be integrated with the clinical evaluation and the other relevant tests.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 1993

Eight-coordinate tetrakis molybdenum(IV) complexes containing 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinolinol(Hdcq) and 2-mercaptopyrimidine(Hmpd) has been prepared. $Mo(mpd)_4$, $Mo(dcq)(mpd)_3$, $Mo(dcq)_2(mpd)_2$, $Mo(dcq)_3(mpd)$ and $Mo(dcq)_4$ complexes have been isolated by thin-layer chromatography on silicagel plates. These complexes have been charaterized by $^1H-nmr$ spectrum and UV-Vis. spectrum. The chemical shift values of the protons ${\alpha}$ to the nitrogen in the ligands are shifted to down field. The relative intensities of the peaks which are positioned at the same proton of $Mo(dcq)(mpd)_3$ and $Mo(dcq)_3(mpd)$ are observed in 2:1 ratio, in case of $Mo(dcq)_2(mpd)_2$ appears in approximately a 1:1 ratio. The stereochemistry of the complexes in discussed in terms of their nmr spectrum and Orgel's rule. By vertue of the intensities (${\varepsilon}$>10,000~25,000) the low energy($16,600{\sim}19,800cm^{-1}$) bands are observed for the electronic spectra of the complexes are assigned as charge transfer bands.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2018

Objective: Examine the effects of supplementing bahiagrass hay (BG) with potentially anthelmintic quantities of hays of perennial peanut (PEA) or sericea lespedeza (LES) or seeds of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.; MUC) or papaya (PAP) on the intake and nutritive value (Experiment 1), and the performance and parasite burden (Experiment 2) of goats. Methods: In Experiment 1, 38 male goats ($27.4{\pm}5.7kg$ body weight) were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatments: i) BG alone and BG plus; ii) PEA; iii) LES; iv) MUC; and v) PAP. Goats were fed for ad libitum consumption and adapted to the diets for 14 d followed by 7 d of measurement. The PEA, LES, MUC (50%, 50%, and 10% of the diet dry matter [DM], respectively), and PAP (forced-fed at 10 g/d) were fed at rates that would elicit anthelmintic effects. In Experiment 2, goats remained in the same treatments but were allocated to 15 pens (3 pens per treatment) from d 22 to 63. All goats were infected with parasites by grazing an infected bahiagrass pasture from 0800 to 1500 h daily and then returned to the pens. Results: Dry matter intake tended to be greater in goats fed PEA and LES than those fed BG (757 and 745 vs 612 g/d, respectively). Digestibility of DM (59.5% vs 54.9%) and organic matter (60.8% vs 56.0%) were greater in goats fed MUC vs BG, respectively. In Experiment 2, feeding PAP, LES, and PEA to goats reduced nematode fecal egg counts by 72%, 52%, and 32%, reduced abomasal adult worm counts by 78%, 52%, and 42%, and decreased plasma haptoglobin concentrations by 42%, 40%, and 45% relative to feeding BG alone, respectively. Conclusion: Supplementation with PEA, LES, and PAP decreased the parasite burden of goats but did not increase their performance. PAP was the most effective anthelmintic supplement.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.421-432
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• 1997

To find out the actual status of treatment of physically handicapped who were stayed of home, 320 physically handicapped persons were selected among total 6,264 physically handicapped registered in Taejon city, surveyed from January 1st to March 30, 1997. Following are the results ana lysed of collected data from 201 samped persons. 1. For the cause of physically handicapped, 36.3% was congenital, 26.9% was cerebralvascular acciednt(CVA). and 14.9% was infectious diseases and others in that orders. The must frequest cause of below 20 years age group was congenital cause, but that of $20{\sim}30$ years age group and $40{\sim}50$ years age group were accident and CVA repectively. 30.0% of respondents caused by infection and others earned household living expenses. Household living expenses were higher among the respondents caused by congenital cause but those were lowest in the accidental couse group. Handicap durations were longer in the accidental cause group and infections and others group than the congenital cause group and CVA group. 2. 54.7% of studied handicapped were under treatment. But 36.3% of them were stopped treatment, and 8.9 % of them answered not treated. Most handicapped, coused by congenital and CAV, were under treatment, but most of them caused by accidental and others were stopped treatment. 3. For the medical facilities, 54.5% of them utilized welfare facility, but 25.5% utilized general hospital and 20.0% of them utilized oriental medical hospital and health centers. Congenital cause group frequently selected welfare facility for the treatment facility. But accidental cause group frequently seleced general hospitals and CVA gruop frequently selected oriental medical hospital and others. The medical cost of welfare facility, oriental medical hospitals and others were lower than that of general hospitals. 4. The proportions of under treatment were higher among yonger age higher monthly living expenses group shorter handicapped duration groups, congenital cause group and handicap grade II group. But that of stop treatment were higher among congenital cause group, infectious and others cause group, and handicap grade I & then III group. 5. For the feelings satisfacion about medical treatment, only 35.3% of under treated group responed satisfation. 55.5% of them responded so-so, but 9.1 % responed dissatisfaction. The proportion of satisfaction was higher among shorter handicap duration group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1977

In order to establish methods of potato processing for mixed cooking with rice as main diet, fundamental research was carried out. On the basis of the previous experiments about potato granules, the yield of products, the process of manufacture, and its economics were determined The results are the following. 1. Yield of products are; (1) 22.2% under dipping treatment in $K_2S_2O_5$ solution. (2) 21.7% under dipping treatment in HCI solution. (3) 20.5% under blanching treatment in boiling water. (4) 19.9% under dipping treatment in boiling $K_2S_2O_5$ solution. (5) 18.7% under dipping treatment in boiling HCI solution. 2. The processing of potatoes is as follows $raw\;materials{\to}peeling{\to}cutting{\to}treatment$ for polyphenol oxidase $inactivation{\to}drying{\to}products$. 3. Potato granules are ordinarily not commercial when compared with rice, however, there are times when it is. When rested laud is planted with potatoes a high yield is produced. This will lower the price of the potato and make it commercial compared with rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1869-1879
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• 2000

A series of experiments were conducted for modeling the fate and effect of the coupled oxidation reduction reaction of ethanol and propionate recognized as important intermediates in anaerobic degradation metabolism. Anaerobic kinetics for conversion of propionate and the interaction with ethanol were investigated using the model of specific substrate priority utilization effect. Seed cultures for the experiment were obtained from an anaerobically enriched steady-state propionate master culture reactor (HPr-MCR), ethanol-propionate master culture reactor (EtPr-MCR) and glucose master culture reactor (Glu-MCR). Experiments were consisted of four phases. Phase I, II and III were conducted by fixing the propionate organic loading as 1.0 g COD/L with increasing ethanol loading of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 1,000 mg/L, to find metabolic interaction of ethanol and propionate degradation by each enriched anaerobic culture. In phase IV, different mixing ratios of Glu-MCR and HPr-MCR cultures with fixed propionate organic loading, 1.0 g COD/L, were applied to observe the propionate degradation metabolic behavior. In the results of this study, different pathways of propionate and ethanol conversion were found using a modified competitive inhibition kinetic model. Increase of $K_{s2}$ value reflected the formation of acetate followed by ethanol degradation. In addition. $K_3$ value was increased slightly as the reactions of acetate formation and degradation were occurred in acetoclastic methanogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.13 no.1 s.19
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• pp.129-138
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• 2007

Background : Recently a discussion about Qi including a study about the effect or the theory of acupuncture is getting prevailing in various angles. In most of studies about acupuncture stimulus, 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) is used. A study about Nine kinds of acupuncture(九鍼), except 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) has not been reported yet, and there is no study about using a special acupuncture made for controling Qi either. Objectives : 'DONG CHU CHIM' can be used for patients who are scared of a pain because it is a medical Qikong tool and non-invasive stimulus one. To assess a effect of Qikong operation using 'DONG CHU CHIM' objectively, we stimulated non-invasive to Sobu point of 30 normal adults using 'DONG CHU CHIM' and examined the result in the basis of high confirmed and repetitive HRV which is a functional assessment method of the autonomic nervous system. Method : This study has been proceeded in three periods. Total was 35min : 10min for the former and latter period of acupuncture stimulus, l5min for the acupuncture stimulus period. For each period, we measured 5min of 3 times(Stage I, II, III). Result : Comparing the changes of HRV during pre-stimulation and post-stimulation, HRT was significantly reduced, LOGTP, LOGVLF, LOGLF, LF/HF were significantly increased and SDNN, LOGHF were generally increased but did not show any significant changes. So we think that the stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' affects on the sympathetic system and parasympathetic system, it activates the autonomic nervous system, and it makes the inequality of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve to be equal status. Conclusions : We can conclude that the non-invasive stimulus of 'DONG CHU CHIM' can affect significantly to the autonomic nervous system. So it can be used in clinic as a tool of Qikong operation, and it can be also used to weak patients or children because it doesn't give a lot of pain like 'Filiform acupuncture'(毫鍼) compared to invasive stimulus. By the basis of this study, more studies about the effect of 'DONG CHE CHIM' should be done in the future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

In this research, there was an investigation about the objective and content domains concerning marine education in the Fish and Marine High School. Also, validity and guidance level on the classification were analyzed. According to the analysis, analyzing guidance level of Marine related contents which are included in school marine education is as follows. There are 971 information and knowledge domains, 710 skill domains, 5 value and attitude domains and 8 behavior and participation domains in the objective domain in school marine education. The number of the knowledge domains was most while attitude domains was least. Content domain of school marine education consists of 774 ocean human and marine ecology domains, 461 artificial marine environment and facility domains, 290 marine resource domains, 76 marine pollution domains, 123 marine conservation and measure domains. So, ocean human and marine ecology domains were most while ethics of marine conservation domains were not included.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1102-1110
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• 1996

Between Oct. 1985 and July 1995, 230 patients underwent mitral valve replacement. There were 77 men and 153 women whose mean age was 35.7 years, range 9 to 62 The concomitant operations were 40 aortic valve replacements(17.4%), 25 tricuspid annuloplasties(10.4%), 8 aortic valve replacements & tricuspid annuloplasties(3.5%), 2 tricuspid valve replacements(0.9%) and others, We used 139 mechanical (76 51. Jude medical, 33 CarboMedics, 30 Sorin) and 91 tissue 386 Carpentier-Edwards, 5 lonescu-Shiley) valves. The early postoperative complications occurred in 28 cases. There were 8 low cardiac output syndrome, 5 pleural effusion, 3 significant arrhythmia, 2 cardiac rupture and others. There were 6 early hospital deaths (2.6%) due to low cardiac output syndrome(2), arrhythmia(2) and ventricul r rupture(2). The cuAmulative notal follow-up period was 764. 4 patient-years with a mean of 4).9 months. The long term follow-up information was available for 212 patients(94.6%). There were 21 cases of valve-related complications. Prosthetic valve failure(10), anti-coagulation related bleeding (5), prosthetic valve endocarditis (4), and thromboembolism (2) occurred at rates of 1.3, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3%Ipt-yr respectively. Late death occurred In 5 cases (0.7%/pt-yr) associated with prosthetic valve endocarditis (2), heart failure (2) and anti-coagulation related bleeding (1). There was no difference in the rate of freedom from prosthetic valve failure between the mechanical and tissue valve group at 6 years (100%), but there was significant difference at 9 years between the tissue (34.4%) and mechanical valve (100%) group (p=0.032). Actuarial survival rates were 98. 8% in tissue valve. 9).7% in mechanical valve group and 96.6% in total patients at 9 years.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2013

On this study, we treated rats with restraint stress, and observed the changes with an optical microscope. Within the salivary gland tissue, we measured cell apoptosis cycle evaluation which show positive reaction on TUNEL assay, and compared within the groups. For this study, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups; 1) 2 rats of group I were selected as a normal control. 2) 2 rats of group II, as a experimental control were placed in the restraint cone for 2 hours 3) 14 rats of group III were placed in the restraint cone for 2 hours once a day. The rats were sacrificed immediately (group II, as a experimental control), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7days after application of the stress and the both parotid glands were excised. The conclusions follow. 1. 5 days after giving an confining stress to the parotid gland of Rats, we can observe the hypotropy and pus and inflammation of Rat parotid gland acinar cells, and after 7 days, we can see a cell apoptosis. 2. Through the In situ DNA end labeling assay and TUNEL dye, on serous glands, benign tumor cell increased with statistically significant result after 5 days from confining stress. And the index shows maximum value on 7th days, which is same result with histological opinion. Therefore, our study shows that a cell apoptosis can be induced by restraint stress on salivary gland tissue, and we think more study should be accomplished about the cell signaling pathway in the future.