• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2018

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the factors that influence consumer's overseas online shopping behavior. Consumers adopt overseas online shopping as a new buying way and more and more consumers prefer overseas online shopping than traditional shopping ways. Consumers' behaviors in this shopping experience can be different from other shopping experiences. With the increase of overseas online shopping, we need to find antecedents and results of overseas online shopping. Especially there would be positive or negative factors which influence overseas online shopping motivation. To find the relationship, this study examines self-efficacy and impulsivity as major factors which influence overseas online shopping. We also suggest that several attitude factors increase self-efficacy and it is positively related to customer satisfaction. On the other hand, we assume that overseas online shopping factors influence impulsivity of buying and it will decrease customer satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology - This empirical study data were collected from Korean people who experience overseas online shopping. The subjects for this study were confined to shoppers who used overseas online shopping within the past six months. A total of 267 responses were gathered. SPSS 23.0, PLS 2.0 software were used in the data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to show sample characteristics. We examined reliability, validity test for constructs. All measurement items used seven-point scales(1= very strong disagree, 7 = very strongly agree) drawn from previously published papers. Partial Least Square method was applied to find the relationship between antecedent factors and dependent factors and hypotheses were estimated. Results - Results show that perceived superiority, perceived ease of use, perceived transaction safety, perceived behavioral control positively affect self-efficacy. Self-efficacy influences positively to consumer's post purchase satisfaction. Perceived monetary benefit and perceived uniqueness motivated impulse buying. This can make consumer's post purchase dissatisfaction. Conclusions - This paper attempted to confirm the existence of both the positive and negative faces of overseas online shopping. The result reveals that self-efficacy is a major factor which may increase satisfaction in the overseas online shopping. Usually, we can think monetary benefit and uniqueness of products motivate overseas online shopping. But it can also intrigue impulse buying and negatively affect customer relationship. Therefore companies should provide enough products information to their potential customers and they might apply adequate processes such as recommendation, comparing systems to build long term relationship with their customers.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2008

The present work deals with subjective assessments to propose the objective parameter related to the subjective attribute of reverberation in the coupled room varied the aperture opening size. A 1/10 scale model was built and used for the measurements and subjective assessments. For the subjective tests, binaural impulse responses(BIRs) were measured using a dummy head and the measured BIRs were convolved with anechoic recorded music for the presentation over the headphones. The results showed that the perceived reverberation was the largest in the aperture opening size 12.5%(1.97% of mail) room surface area)and decreased with increasing the aperture opening size over 25% (3.94% of main room surface area) in the main room coupled with the secondary reverberant room. In the main room coupled with the secondary absorptive room, there was no changes in the perceived reverberation up to the aperture opening size 6.25%(0.99% of main room surface area) and it gradually decreased with increasing the aperture opening site over 12.5%. The objective parameter, T30/T15, showed a very low correlation with the perceived reverberation in the coupled room varied the aperture opening size but showed a high correlation with a new objective parameter, T30/Tbp, proposed by the authors. Because the late part decay energy more rapidly increases with increasing the aperture opening site than the early and middle part decay energy, the LDT/EDT or T3/T1 is a better quantifier to measure double slopes in the coupled room than the T30/T15.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.20-35
• /
• 2015

Underwater acoustic channel impulse responses (CIR) are influenced by sound speed profile (SSP), and the variation of CIR has significant effects on the performance of underwater acoustic communication systems. A significant change of SSP can occur within a short period, which must be considered during the design of underwater acoustic modems. This paper statistically analyzes the effect of the variation of SSP on the long-range acoustic signal propagation in shallow-water with thermocline using numerical modeling based on the data acquired from JACE13 experiment near Jeju island. The analysis result shows that CIR changes variously according to the SSP and the depth of the transmitter and receiver. We also found that when the transmitter and receiver are deeper, the variation of sound wave propagation pattern is smaller and signal level becomes higher. All CIR obtained in this study show that a series of bottom reflections due to downward refraction and small bottom loss in the shallow water with thermocline can be very important factor for long-range signal transmission and the performance of underwater acoustic communication system in time varying ocean environment can be very sensitive to the variation of SSP even for a short period of time.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.27-48
• /
• 2012

Temperature and weather are all around us, quite literally. Furthermore, temperature and weather not only permeate our atmosphere, constantly affecting our visceral states of warmth and coldness, but they metaphorically permeate our language. People, products, and ideas can all be "hot" or "cold." Given this ubiquity, it is perhaps surprising that relatively little research has systematically examined the influence of temperature on choice and judgment. Temperature-related words such as "hot" and "cold" are often used to describe impulsive and calculated behaviors, respectively. These metaphoric connotations of thermal concepts raise the question as to whether temperature, psychological states and decision making are related to each other, and if so, how. The current research examines these questions and finds support for a relationship. Across one field study and one laboratory experiment, I demonstrate that both hot ambient room temperature (Spa) and hot temperature primes (words) trigger decision outcomes in line with the metaphoric association between hot temperature and impulsivity. In the field study, participants were recruited in hot (40-50 degrees Celsius) and cold (10 degrees Celsius) rooms at a spa. Participants were simply asked to indicate their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for three product categories (travel package, birthday dinner, and cell phone). The results showed that participants in the hot room in comparison to those in the cold room were willing to pay more for the same products. Next, I tested if our results would go beyond ambient temperature and would hold if I were to prime temperature concepts by using a different priming method (i.e., subliminal vs. supraliminal). In line with the previous findings in the spa, participants in the hot priming condition were more likely to choose the wrong answer for the bat and baseball question than those in the cold priming condition. In addition, product type (e.g., pleasure vs. necessity) can moderate the effect of hot temperature on impulsivity. Mood and arousal did not mediate participants' responses. My findings seem to suggest that the effects of temperature on decision outcomes can be attributed to metaphoric associations rather than incidental mood or arousal. The current research applies a novel perspective in understanding the relationship between temperature and judgment and decision making. Also, the results have practical implications for packaging, advertising, merchandising, and pricing of goods and services, as well as for public policy and awareness. One of the most natural implications of my findings would be that retailers would be better off carrying more impulse purchase items on hot days. Furthermore, point-of-purchase promotions encouraging impulse purchase is more likely to be effective in retail environments with higher temperature than with lower temperature. In addition, advertisements and product packages evoking hot temperature associations (e.g., beach, sunshine, summer) might lead consumers to pay higher price for the advertised product than those with cold temperature associations.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.7
• /
• pp.333-341
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a new interpolation model for the head related transfer function (HRTF) was proposed. In the method herein, we assume that the impulse response of the HRTF for each azimuth angle is given by linear interpolation of the time-delayed neighboring impulse responses of HRTFs. The time delay of the HRTF for each azimuth angle is given by sum of the sound wave propagation time from the ears to the sound source, which can be estimated by using azimuth angle, the physical shape of the underlying head and the distance between the head and sound source, and the refinement time yielding the minimum mean square error. Moreover, in the proposed model, the interpolation intervals were not fixed but varied, which were determined by minimizing the total number of HRTFs while the synthesized signals have no perceptual difference from the original signals in terms of sound location. To validate the usefulness of the proposed interpolation model, the proposed model was applied to the several HRTFs that were obtained from one dummy-head and three human heads. We used the HRTFs that have 5 degree azimuth angle resolution at 0 degree elevation (horizontal plane). The experimental results showed that using only $30\sim40%$ of the original HRTFs were sufficient for producing the signals that have no audible differences from the original ones in terms of sound location.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.243-252
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to analyze lateral inflow hydrologically. The IUH of lateral inflow is sum of the impulse responses of total cells in basin. This IUH bases on the Muskingum channel routing method, which hydrologically re-analysed to represent it as a linear combination of the linear channel model considering only the translation and the linear reservoir model considering only the storage effect. Rectangular and triangular basins were used as imaginary basins and IUH of each basin were derived. The derived IUH have different characteristics with respect to basin's shape. The storage coefficient of lateral inflow was also derived mathematically using general definitions of concentration time and storage coefficient. As a result, the storage coefficient of lateral inflow could be calculated easily using basin's width, length and hydrological characteristics of channel.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2017

The single sensor based acoustic reflection control system separates the incident and reflected signals from the single sensor output, and reduces the reflected signal by generating an out-of-phase signal from the incident signal component. In this paper, we propose an optimal filter design method for a single sensor based reflection control system. In the proposed method, it is shown that the optimum control filter design is possible by using the measured impulse responses of the reflection and control paths. The reflection control algorithm based on the proposed optimal filter achieves better performance than the conventional adaptive filter-based algorithm and effectively controls the reflection without the initial convergence time. We performed computer simulations using the signals obtained in a 1-dimensional acoustic duct environment, and from the simulation results, it was confirmed that the proposed optimal filter has robust performance even in noisy environment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.491-496
• /
• 2004

The paper describes measurement techniques for an acoustic transfer characteristic of ship's bridge stimulated by a whistle sound The response sounds, according to the opening-shutting conditions of bridge doors for Training Ship ‘SAENURI’, are measured by B＆K 2260D equipment, and then the frequency responses are extracted by B＆K 7830 software. To evaluate the measured transfer characteristic, the 128th order FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters, containing the different frequency characteristics, are constructed based on the frequency sampling-based design method Using evaluation indexes with six scales, psychological assessments by five subjects are carried out with test sounds which are obtained from convolving the source signal with FIR filters. As results of tests, the test sounds gives $A_S$ 3.3∼4.7 which means the psychological sense of ‘it is almost similar sound as original ones in a real world’, and thus it is clearly seen that the proposed method can be used for the measurement of an acoustic transfer characteristic of ship’s bridge.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2004

The paper describes measurement techniques for an acoustic transfer characteristic of ship's bridge stimulated by a whistle sound. The response sounds, according to the opening-shutting conditions of bridge doors for T／S ‘SAENURI’, are measured by B＆K 2260D equipment, and then extracted the frequency responses by B＆K 7830 software. To evaluate the measured transfer characteristic, the 128th order FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters, containing the frequency characteristic, are constructed based on the frequency sampling-based design method. Using evaluation indexes with six scales, psychological assessments by five subjects are carried out with test sounds which are convolved source sound and FIR filters. As results of tests, the test sounds gives A／sub s／=3.3∼4.7 which means the psychological sense of 'it is almost similar sound as original ones in a real world', and thus it is cleary seen tint the proposed method can be suit for the measurement of an acoustic transfer characteristic of ship's bridg.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.891-906
• /
• 2014

This study aims to present a three dimensional finite element model to investigate the wave propagation in a concrete filled steel tubular column (CFSC) due to transient impact load. Both the concrete and steel are regarded as linear elastic material. The impact load is simulated by a semi sinusoidal impulse. Besides the CFSC models, a concrete column (CC) model is established for comparing under the same loading condition. The propagation characteristics of the transient waves in CFSC are analyzed in detail. The results show that at the intial stage of the wave propagation, the velocity waves in CFSC are almost the same as those in CC before they arrive at the steel tube. When the waves reach the column side, the velocity responses of CFSC are different from those of CC and the difference is more and more obvious as the waves travel down along the column shaft. The travel distance of the wave front in CFSC is farther than that in CC at the same time. For different wave speeds in steel and concrete material, the wave front in CFSC presents an arch shape, the apex of which locates at the center of the column. Differently, the wave front in CC presents a plane surface. Three dimensional effects on top of CFSC are obvious, therefore, the peak value and arrival time of incident wave crests have great difference at different locations in the radial direction. High-frequency waves on the waveforms are observed. The time difference between incident and reflected wave peaks decreases significantly with r/R when r/R < 0.6, however, it almost keeps constant when $r/R{\geq}0.6$. The time duration between incident and reflected waves calculated by 3D FEM is approximately equal to that calculated by 1D wave theory when r/R is about 2/3.