• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.374-381
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of sexual knowledge of male high school students. Method: The Participants were 503 male students from a high school in one county of Gangwon Province. The data were collected from May 1 to May 30, 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program to investigate the responses to the structured questionnaires used in the study. Results: The level of sexual knowledge of high school students was 10.25(range 0 to 17). In terms of response distribution of sexual knowledge by items, the correct response rate was highest for 'wet dream is discharge of semen during sleep', and the wrong response rate was lowest in 'gonorrhea occurred most frequency in 15-25 year old adolescents'. General characteristics showed significant differences in sexual knowledge depending on grade(grade 3 :10.45, grade 2: 10.40, grade1: 9.88). Depend on the sexual impulse and the solutions to sex problems, there were significant differences in sexual knowledge with respect to sexual characteristics. Conclusion: As a whole the sexual knowledge of the male high school students was low, sexual education programs for high school students should focus on sexually transmitted diseases and contraception.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.211-223
• /
• 2009

Transient response analysis can be conducted either in the time domain, or via the frequency domain. Sometimes a frequency domain method (FDM) has advantages over a time domain method. A practical issue in the FDM is to find out an appropriate extended period, which may be affected by several factors, such as the excitation duration, the system damping, the artificial damping, the period of interest, etc. In this report, the extended period of the FDM based on the Duhamel's integral is investigated. This Duhamel's integral based FDM does not involve the unit impulse response function (UIRF) beyond the period of interest. Due to this fact, the ever-lasting UIRF can be simply set as zero beyond the period of interest to shorten the extended period. As a result, the preferred extended period is the summation of the period of interest and the excitation duration. This conclusion is validated by numerical examples. If the extended period is too short, then the front portion of the period of interest is more prone to errors than the rear portion, but the free vibration segment is free of the wraparound error.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2005

이 논문에서는 FIR 필터의 연산의 양을 줄이는 효율적인 직접방식의 고속 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 임의의 다운샘플링 크기로 병렬화가 가능하며, 다운샘플링의 크기가 결정되면 쉽게 구조를 유도할 수 있다. 특히 제안된 알고리즘은 이론적인 샘플당 곱셈연산의 수를 감소시킴과 동시에 실제 구현에 있어서도 효과가 있음을 실험을 통하여 입증하였다. 이론적으로 연산의 양이 감소함을 보이기 위하여 부필터의 수와 샘플당 곱셈연산의 수를 기존의 고속 알고리즘과 비교하였으며, 실제적으로 구현의 효과를 입증하기 위하여 하드웨어 구현소자의 수와 MAC 프로세서를 사용한 소프트웨어 구현으로 역시 기존의 방식들과 비교하여 제안된 구조가 효과적임을 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2001

It is well known that the inflammation of somatic tissues, bladder and colon can alter the sensitivity of primary afferents innervating these tissues. To see if uterine afferents also show altered sensitivity, we examined their responses to the algesic agent bradykinin before and after induction of uterine inflammation. Inflammation was induced by injecting the mustard oil into the uterine lumen of adult female rats. After induction of inflammation, the response latency to bradykinin did not change, but the duration and peak of the response and integrated impulse discharges during the response period increased significantly. Furthermore, after inflammation, the level of resting discharges of the afferents was much higher. These results are consistent with the idea that the inflammation can sensitize the uterine afferents.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.641-644
• /
• 2005

This study reveals some recent attempt in modeling empirically obtained B&K HATS (Head and Torso Simulator) HRTFs (Head Related Transfer Functions) to Isolate parameters that stimulate lateral and elevation perception. Localization using non-individual HRTFs often yields poor performance in synthesizing virtual sound sources when applied to a group of individuals due to differences in size and shape of head, pinnae, and torso. For realization of both effective and efficient virtual audio it is necessary to develop a method to tailor a given set of non-individual HRTFs to fit each listener without measuring his/her HRTF set. Pole-zero modeling is applied to fit HRIRs (Head Related Impulse Responses) and modeling criterions for determining suitable number of parameters are suggested for efficient modeling. Horizontal HRTFs are modeled as minimum-phase transfer functions with appropriate ITDs (Interaural Time Delay) obtained from RTF (Ray Tracing Formula) to better fit the size of listener's head for usage in simple virtualizer algorithms without complex regularization processes. Result of modeling HRTFs in the median plane is shown and parameters responsible for elevation perception are isolated which can be referred to in the future study of developing customizable HRTFs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2019

This study intended to examine the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate in Indonesia during 1987 to 2018 period. The study applied a quantitative method using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in order to comprehensively understand the causality between inflation and unemployment rates. The data were collected from various main sources including the World Bank, Central Bank of Indonesia, and Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The findings showed that inflation has a one-way relationship toward unemployment in Indonesia and it occurs at the third lag. Impulse Response Function (IRF), shows that the inflation rate are fluctuating in response to the shock of unemployment. The unemployment rate responses to shocks from inflation initially increased until it is eventually diminished. It shows that the shocks caused by the impact of inflation were only in the short term. Further, inflation in the three previous lags will have consequences for the unemployment rate in the year. Lastly, both in the long run and short run, unemployment did not affect inflation rates. These findings suggest that high inflation in Indonesia is determined the rising price of basic commodities and fuel. In addition, most companies in Indonesia applying capital intensive so that employment growth in Indonesia is small.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.377-388
• /
• 2021

Owing to the difficulties associated with conducting millimeter-wave (mmWave) field measurements, especially in high-speed train (HST) environments, most propagation channels for mmWave HST have been studied using methods based on simulation rather than measurement. In this study, considering a linear cell layout in which base stations are installed along a railway, measurements were performed at 28 GHz with a speed up to 170 km/h in two prevalent HST scenarios: viaduct and tunnel scenarios. By observing the channel impulse responses, we could identify single- and double-bounced multipath components (MPCs) caused by railway static structures such as overhead line equipment. These MPCs affect the delay spread and Doppler characteristics significantly. Moreover, we observed distinct path loss behaviors for the two scenarios, although both are considered line-of-sight (LoS) scenarios. In the tunnel scenario, the path loss exponent (PLE) is 1.3 owing to the waveguide effect, which indicates that the path loss is almost constant with respect to distance. However, the LoS PLE in the viaduct scenario is 2.46, which is slightly higher than the free-space loss.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제8권7호
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2021

The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the stock market prices. The vector autoregression model (VAR) has been used in this analysis to survey 341 stocks on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) for the period from January 23, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The empirical results obtained from the analysis of 11 economic sectors suggest that there is a statistically significant impact relationship between COVID-19 and the healthcare and utility industries. Additional findings show a statistically significant negative impact of COVID-19 on the utility share price at lag 1. Analysis of impulse response function (IRF) and forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) show an inverse reaction of utility stock prices to the impact of COVID-19 and a gradual disappearing shock after two steps. Major findings show that there is a clear negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on share prices, and the daily increase in the number of confirmed cases, indicate that, in future disease outbreaks, early containment measures and positive responses are necessary conditions for governments and nations to protect stock markets from excessive depreciation. Utility stocks are among the most severely impacted shares on financial exchanges during a pandemic due to the high risk of immediate or irreversible closure of manufacturing lines and poor demand for basic amenities.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.189-201
• /
• 2022

The study empirically examines the impact of monetary fundamentals along with global oil prices on the Pak-rupee exchange rate using the monthly data over 2001-2020. Employing the cointegrating vector autoregressive with exogenous variables (VARX) and vector error correction model with exogenous variables (VECMX), the study analyzes the impact of domestic monetary fundamentals while considering the foreign variables as weakly exogenous. In order to account for the structural breaks in the data, the Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root test with two structural breaks has been used (Lee & Strazicich, 2003). The empirical results reveal that the domestic and foreign monetary variables significantly explain the exchange rate movements in Pakistan both in the long run and in the short run. The dynamic properties of the monetary model of exchange rate have been analyzed using the persistence profile analysis and generalized impulse response functions (GIRFs). The results reveal that the responses of shocks to domestic monetary fundamentals are consistent with the predictions of the monetary model of the exchange rate. Furthermore, being a net oil importer, a rise in global oil prices significantly depreciated the Pak-rupee exchange rate over the period of study. The global financial crisis (GFC) and pandemic (COVID-19) were also found to cause the Pak-rupee exchange rate depreciation.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.77-95
• /
• 2011

본고에서는 무역보험과 환위험이 우리나라의 수출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 먼저 공적분 검정을 통해 적어도 하나의 공적분 벡터가 존재하는 것을 확인하였고, CCR, DOLS, FMOLS와 같은 공적분 벡터식과 오차수정모형을 추정하였다. 설정된 모형 내 변수들이 수출에 미치는 영향의 방향이 무역보험, 세계경기, 상대가격, 는 양(+)으로, 환위험과 실업률은 음(-)으로 나타났다. 또한 모형1의 오차수정 모형의 경우 단기 불균형에서 균형으로의 조정역할은 세계경기와 상대가격이 하고 있으며, 모형2의 오차수정모형의 경우 단기 불균형에서 균형으로의 조정역할은 환율변동성이 수행하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 다음으로 충격반응분석 결과 모형 1과 모형 2에서 무역보험 충격에 대한 수출의 반응은 충격을 받은 시점에서 2개월까지는 상승하고, 이후에는 상승세가 둔화되면서 상승효과가 소멸되는 것으로 나타났다. 모형 2에서 환율변동성 충격에 대한 수출의 반응은 충격을 받은 시점에서 4개월이 되는 시점에서 가장 큰 폭으로 하락하고 빠른 속도로 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결과적으로 우리나라의 경우 무역보험은 수출촉진을 위한 무역정책의 역할을 수행하며, 환율변동성 확대는 환위험을 증가시켜 수출을 위축시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 무역보험의 정책적 지원이 확대되어야 하며, 외환시장의 다변화와 거래 규모 확대가 필요하다.