• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.11-27
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• 2001

Machine translation (MT) quality assessment is an outstanding problem. In the present situation in which the quality of machine-translated products are far from the user\\`s satisfaction objective evaluation of MT system is a prerequisite to building mutual trust between the users and the vendors stimulating constructive competition among the developers and finally leading to improve the quality of MT systems. Especially there emerges a need for an intensive study on how to evaluate the quality of MT systems from both linguistic and data processing aspects and to secure a steady improvement of the translation quality. With due regard to such points we in this paper present a linguistic evaluation of English-to-Korean machine translation based on a test suite composed of 3.373 sentences that were classified into their linguistic phenomena and complexity levels and report the experimental results made from several commercial MT systems.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.46
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• pp.287.1-287.14
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• 2018

Integrity of authorship and peer review practices are important considerations for ethical publishing. Criteria for authorship, as delineated in the guidelines by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), have undergone evolution over the decades, and now require fulfillment of four criteria, including the need to be able to take responsibility for all aspects of the manuscript in question. Although such updated authorship criteria were published nearly five years ago, still, many major medical and specialist journals have yet to revise their author instructions to conform to this. Inappropriate authorship practices may include gift, guest or ghost authorship. Existing literature suggests that such practices are still widely prevalent, especially in non-English speaking countries. Another emerging problem is that of peer review fraud, mostly by authors, but also rarely by handling editors. There is literature to suggest that a proportion of such fake peer review may be driven by the support of some unscrupulous external editing agencies. Such inappropriate practices with authorship malpractices or disagreement, or peer review fraud, have resulted in more than 600 retractions each, as identified on the retractions database of Retractionwatch.com. There is a need to generate greater awareness, especially in authors from non-English speaking regions of the world, about inappropriate authorship and unethical practices in peer review. Also, support of any external editing agency should be clearly disclosed by authors at the time of submission of a manuscript.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.611-635
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to find out what teaching method is more effective than others through experiments for college students. Therefore, this study aims to review various effective methods of vocabulary teaching. According to the results of the experiments, the methods of teaching vocabulary through the process of word formation and meaningful words led to the high scores at the posttest regardless of the scores gained by the individual subjects at the pretest. However, the method of teaching vocabulary through context showed that the improved scores at the posttest generally reflected the individual differences of the scores at the pretest. That is, in the latter, it is recognizable that the subjects who achieved the high scores at the pretest did very well at the posttest as well. In conclusion, judging from the mean rate of improvement, the method of teaching vocabulary through word formation seems to be more effective than that of teaching vocabulary through meaningful words and context.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-50
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze research trends on laser output used for treatment of hair loss. Methods : We searched papers using Pubmed, NDSL, KISS, and RISS. First search used the keyword "Laser, Alopecia" in Pubmed. Inclusion criteria were last 15 years, English, related to output. Finally we searched papers using the keyword "Laser and Alopecia" in NDSL, KISS, and RISS. Inclusion criteria were the same as first research except for English. Results : A total of 43 studies were found, 28 studies were excluded and 15 studies were selected and analyzed. And of the 15 studies, 7 studies were foreign papers and 8 studies were domestic papers on clinical application of laser status. Mainly Used type of laser was a diode laser. As a result, we found that treatment group had more improvement than control group. The range of the laser-output was 1mW-150W in Alopecia laser therapy. Conclusions : Low-level (LLLT) as well as High-level laser therapy (HLLT) can be effectively used as an alternative to the treatment of alopecia. Thus, further attention and studies are needed on this topic in order to reduce the side effects and demonstrate the effectiveness clearly.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.147-166
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• 2006

This study investigates the effect of misplacement in a written Computer-delivered ESL Placement Test (CEPT) context. The study aims to address the following two research questions: a) which scoring rubric features cause the misplacement of ESL learner's writing scores? and b) which scoring rubric features improve ESL learner's writing scores? Thirty-four international examinees took the test and participated in surveys at the University of Illinois. Twelve examinees of them attended the CEPT workshop test. In the workshop test, they carried out self-evaluation on their first essays using a scoring rubric and compared with expert raters' results. After the workshop, the examinees responded to a survey and interview. For the first research question, the results of the survey and interview addressed that the majority disagreed with the raters' rating results. The self-evaluation results also indicated that their misunderstanding of organization feature caused the misplacement. For the second question, the CEPT workshop scores were improved due to the score improvement in the organization feature while the contribution of other features to the total scores was little. Most of the examinees pointed out that a lesson on the scoring rubric enhanced their understanding of the writing features of the rubric so that their placement scores were generally improved.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2012

This study aims to analysis the curriculum problems and its improvements and to investigate curricula satisfaction among the students majoring in Clinical Pathology. A college used as a population, and 80 effective survey data were collected by sampling the graduates who carried out the clinical field training in third grade year. For statistical analysis of the collected data, the Stata(version 12.0) statistical package was used for frequency analysis, pearson correlations test and multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows; First, the result showed that the synthetical theory curriculum has an positive effect on curricula satisfaction. Second, it was found that extension of both the clinical field training and laboratory and practice education have an significant influence direction of positiveness on curricula satisfaction. Third, as the problems of curriculum, the students selected shortage of english subjects connected with the job. We must intensify additional subjects (english ability) for job as the improvement of curriculum. Accordingly, academic, industrial circles and students are supposed to jointly seek for the plan for the enhancement of clinical field training satisfaction.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.163-188
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• 2018

Through the action of Major Barbara, Shaw advocates the improvement of human race and civilization through fabian eugenic socialism in the based on the Galtonian eugenics and social Darwinism in late Victorian period. In the play, Shaw contrasts two ideologies, Barbara's spiritual institutionalized Christianity with Undershaft's worldly power to control the conventional society. For the dramatic purpose, Shaw symbolically combines the power of the munitions maker, the intellect of the scholar and the faith of the Salvationist. Shaw seems to believe that the best way of improving the human society can be comprised by effective eugenic agencies regarded Shavian trinities. In relation to the eugenic discourses for social betterment, this essay explores how Shaw's ideas on social eugenic is perceived in Major Barbara through main characters as spiritual, intellectual and economic agencies in terms of social Darwinism for the progress of the human society. As always, Shaw's evolutionary agencies are disillusionized from the idealistic faith through the realistic awareness of economic facts, which is manifested in their practices to advance the institutional society Shaw attacked. It is obvious that the significant facts of eugenic socialism/social eugenics based on social Darwinism are promoted by Barbara, Cusins and Undershaft in Major Barbara to maintain a worthy evolution of society and humanity.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.55-74
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• 2009

Although a considerable amount of research on discourse signaling cues has been conducted in reading, little attention has been paid to such cues in the area of listening. Moreover, despite the solid evidence showing that cues have beneficial effects for reading comprehension, L2 listening research has produced mixed findings about the role of cues. Such discrepancies among these findings might be due in part to inadequate research methodologies as well as the idiosyncratic features of their experimental designs. However, no study, to date, has thoroughly examined the research designs of listening comprehension studies on cues. Consequently, this study critically evaluates the present state of research designs and reporting practices of studies investigating the role of cues in listening comprehension. The present study aims to provide insights into areas that require empirical attention and systematic investigation. It also seeks to encourage improved and refined research practices for future studies. This paper is organized as follows: It will first critically review the empirical findings regarding cues in the area of L1 listening comprehension. Second, it will present a critical evaluation of L2 listening studies on cues. Finally, it will address the major research design issues of currently available listening studies and provide suggestions for improvement in future research.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

The purpose of developing an automated scoring system for English composition is to score English writing tests and to give diagnostic feedback to the test-takers without human's efforts. The system developed through our research detects grammatical errors of a single sentence on morphological, syntactic and semantic stages, respectively, and those errors are calculated into the final score. The error detecting stages are independent from one another, which causes duplicating the identical errors with different labels at different stages. These duplicated errors become a hindering factor to calculating an accurate score. This paper presents a solution to detecting the duplicated errors and improving an accuracy in calculating the final score by eliminating one of the errors.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the needs of RN-BSN students concerning the RN-BSN curriculum and make suggestions for improvement in the curriculum based on the needs of the students. Method: A descriptive survey study was used. Data were collected from 707 RN-BSN senior students in 21 universities. The research instrument, which was developed after in-depth interviews with 13 RN-BSN students, consisted of 10 curriculum objectives, 34 cultural courses, 48 major courses, three questions on clinical practicum, and teaching methods for 5 required courses. Result: The curriculum objectives selected by the RN-BSN students were problem solving, clinical applicability, critical thinking, creative thinking, and decision making. They wanted cultural courses such as English, understanding of human behavior, social welfare, women's studies, psychology, nutrition science, leadership, recreation, computer applications, exercise and health. They wanted major courses to include the nursing process, nursing research, health assessment, advanced adult nursing, infection control, spiritual/hospice nursing, and nursing of cancer patients. They responded that a clinical practicum was not necessary. They wanted to experience various teaching methods according to particular characteristics of subject being taught. Conclusion: This study suggests some recommendation for improvement of the curriculum based on the needs of RN-BSN students.