• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1102-1108
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• 2002

In this study, a topological design sensitivity of the ai. bearing surface (ABS) is suggested by using an adjoint variable method. The discrete form of the generalized lubrication equation based on a control volume formulation is used as a compatible condition. A residual function of the slider is considered as an equality constraint function, which represents the slider in equilibrium. The slider thickness parameters at all grid cells are chosen as design variables since they are the topological parameters determining the ABS shape. Then, a complicated adjoint variable equation is formulated to directly handle the highly nonlinear and asymmetric coefficient matrix and vector in the discrete system equation of air-lubricated slider bearings. An alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is utilized for the numerical calculation. This is an efficient iterative solver to solve large-scale problem in special band storage. Then, a computer program is developed and applied to a slider model of a sophisticated shape. The simulation results of design sensitivity analysis (DSA) are directly compared with those of FDM at the randomly selected grid cells to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The overall distribution of DSA results are reported, clearly showing the region on the ABS where special attention should be given during the manufacturing process.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.95-101
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• 1996

In this paper, the steady 2-dimensional model for a long horizontal line with different end temperatures undergoing natural convection at very high Rayleigh number is proposed to numerically investigate the heat transfer and flow characteristics. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm which is developed using control volumes and staggered grids. The numerical results are verified by comparison with the operating PWR test data. The analysis focuses on the effects of variation of the heat transfer rates at the pipe surface, the thermal conductivities of the pipe material and the thickness of the pipe wall on the thermal stratification. The results show that the heat transfer rate at the pipe surface is the controlling parameter. A significant reduction and disappearance of thermal stratification phenomenon is observed at the Biot number of 5.0$\times$10$^{-2}$. The results also show that the increment of the thermal conductivity and thickness of the wall weakens the thermal stratification and somewhat reduces azimuthal temperature gradient in the pipe wall. Those effects are however minor, when compared with those due to the variation of the heat transfer rates at the surface of the pipe wall.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

Probabilistic Risk Assessment considering statistically random variables is performed for the preliminary design of a Arch Bridge. Component reliabilities of girders have been evaluated using the response surfaces of the design variables at the selected critical sections based on the maximum shear and negative moment locations. Response Surface Method(RSM) is successfully applied for reliability analyses for this relatively small probability of failure of the complex structure, which is hard to be obtained by Monte-Carlo Simulations or by First Order Second Moment Method that can not easily calculate the derivative terms of implicit limit state functions. For the analysis of system reliability, parallel resistance system composed of girders is changed into parallel series connection system. The upper and lower probabilities of failure for the structural system have been evaluated and compared with the suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes. The suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes reveals the unexpected combinations of element failures in significantly reduced time and efforts compared with the previous permutation method or system reliability analysis method.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2007년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.295-300
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• 2007

Probabilistic Risk Assessment considering statistically random variables is performed for the preliminary design of a Arch Bridge. Component reliabilities of girders have been evaluated using the response surfaces of the design variables at the selected critical sections based on the maximum shear and negative moment locations. Response Surface Method (RSM) is successfully applied for reliability analyses for this relatively small probability of failure of the complex structure, which is hard to be obtained by Monte-Carlo Simulations or by First Order Second Moment Method that can not easily calculate the derivative terms of implicit limit state functions. For the analysis of system reliability, parallel resistance system composed of girders is changed into parallel series connection system. The upper and lower probabilities of failure for the structural system have been evaluated and compared with the suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes. The suggested prediction method for the combination of failure modes reveals the unexpected combinations of element failures in significant]y reduced time and efforts compared with the previous permutation method or system reliability analysis method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.581-591
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• 1998

Numerical analysis was peformed for the two-dimensional turbulent natural convection for a long horizontal line with different end temperatures. The turbulent model has been applied a standard k-$\varepsilon$ two equation model of turbulence similar to that the proposed by the Launder and Spalding. The dimensionless governing equations are solved by using SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm which is developed using control volumes and staggered grids. The numerical results are verified by comparison with the operating PWR test data. The analysis focuses on the effects of variation of the heat transfer rates at the pipe surface, the thermal conductivities of the pipe material and the thickness of the pipe wall on the thermal stratification. The results show that the heat transfer rate at the pipe surface is the controlling parameter for mitigating of thermal stratification in the long horizontal pipe. A significant reduction and disappearance of the thermal stratification phenomenon is observed at the Biot number of 4.82$\times$10$^{-1}$ . The results also show that the increment of the thermal conductivity and thickness of the wall weakens a little the thermal stratification and somewhat reduces temperature gradient of y-direction in the pipe wall. These effects are however minor, when compared with those due to the variation of the heat transfer rates at the surface of the pipe wall.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.56-72
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• 1990

본 논문에서는 유체동력학적면에서 선수 플레어 충격에 대하여 고찰하고, 특히 전형적인 플레어 충격하중 계산에서 사용된 가정에 대하여 검토한다. 압력이 작용하지 않는 자유표면 경계조건에 의한 계산결과들이 제시된다. 이 단순화된 경계조건을 사용하면 물이 제트처럼 올라오는 현상이나 평균자유표면 위의 젖은 부분과 같은 중요한 인자를 무시하게 되지만, 계산할 때는 아주 단순하다는 장점을 갖는다. 3차원 계산결과와 2차원 계산 결과를 실험과 비교하였으며, 근사 자유 표면 조건으로부터 발생하는 오차를 검토 하였다. 또, 2차원 및 3차원 해석에서 연직 굽힘 모멘트와 연직 전단력도 포함되었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

본 논문은 대기층을 통한 파장별 태양복사를 고려한 3차원 지상 물체의 표면 온도 분포를 예측하는 소프트웨어를 개발하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 다양한 가스로 구성된 대기층을 통과하는 파장별 태양복사 에너지를 계산하기 위해서 LOWTRAN7을 이용하였으며, 여기서 얻어진 결과는 파장별 흡수 또는 총괄흡수 방식으로 에너지보존방정식에 반영하였다. 원통형 물체 위의 시간별 표면온도 분포를 나타내기 위해서 준 내재적 방법을 사용하여 계산하였으며 물체의 파장별 표면 복사 특성을 이용하기 위해서 태양복사를 흡수하거나 물체의 표면 방사가 이루어지는 모델을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 S/W의 성능 향상을 위하여 파장별 태양복사 분석 방법과 총괄태양복사 분석 방법을 각각 적용하여 본 결과 이들 두 방법 사이에는 약 3% 이내의 차이를 나타내었으나 두 방법 모두 실용적 관점에서 충분한 결과를 나타내었음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.991-998
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 넓은 지역의 고해상도 홍수모의를 위해서 2차원 모형의 GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) 가속 모의기법을 개발하고 이에 대한 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 음해법을 적용하고 있는 정형 사각형 격자 기반의 2차원 모형인 G2D (Grid based 2-Dimensional land surface flood model) 모형에서 CUDA를 이용하여 GPU 가속 모의 기법을 개발하였다. 개발된 기법을 진주시 홍수모의에 적용하였다. 모의 도메인의 공간해상도는 10 m × 10 m이고, 계산되는 격자의 개수는 총 5,090,611개이다. 홍수모의는 2019년 10월 태풍 미탁에 의한 홍수 기간에 대해서 수행하였다. 강우레이더 자료를 생성항으로 적용하였으며, 남강댐 일류문 계측 방류량과 진주시(옥산교) 계측 유량을 경계조건으로 적용하였다. 연구결과 진주시 남강에서의 관측수위를 재현할 수 있는 광역 2차원 홍수 모형을 구축할 수 있었다. 또한 GPU 가속 기법의 적용 결과, CPU (Central Processing Unit)를 이용한 순차계산 및 병렬계산에 비해서 빠른 홍수모의가 가능하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 음해법을 적용하고 있는 2차원 범람모형의 GPU 가속 기법의 개발과 광역 지표면 홍수해석에 대한 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 2차원 비선형 방사문제에 대한 정확하고 효과적인 수치기법을 개발하였다. 물체운동에 의해서 생성되는 비선형파계는 이상유체라는 가정에 의하여 기술되고, 라프라스 방정식은 고차경계요소법과 GMRES(Generalized Minimal RESidual) 알고리즘을 이용하여 신속하고 효율적인 풀이가 가능하도록 하였다. 자유표면과 물체면의 교차점에서 발생하는 교차선문제는 불연속 요소를 이용하여 원활하게 해결하였다. 자유표면의 비선형운동을 기술하기 위해서 음해적 사다리꼴 법칙(implicit trapezoidal rule)을 사용하여 시적분하였다. 물체에 의해서 발생한 비선형파가 수직 하류면에서 반사하는 것을 줄이기 위하여 하류면에 수치감쇠항을 도입하였다. 수치계산 결과로부터 본 시적분법 및 수치방사조건이 비선형 방사문제에 매우 적합함을 확인하였다. 시적분 과정에서 자유표면의 격자점들을 재배치함으로써 수치해법의 효율성을 배가하였으며, 교차점근처의 유동 또한 정확하게 기술하였다. 가속도 포텐셜(acceleration potential) 기법을 이용하여 정확하고 안정하게 비선형 방사력을 구하였다. 본 수치계산결과는 다른 수치계산 및 실험결과와 비교하여 볼 때, 좋은 일치를 보인다.

• 복식
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2011

This study applied cartoon-like simple and implicit symbol of Keith Haring works to tubular jacquard knit, designed woman casual knit wear with fun, explicit and activities using fluorescent yarns with explicit features. This study aimed to propose the directions for new market pioneering that meets the emotional requirements of modern people by raising the level of utilization and expression area of knit fashion, and to present the constructive directions for high value-added knit wear by designing highly effective knit wear. Methods of this study examined the lifetime and artistic background of Keith Haring and collected his works through searching of internet, scholastic publications or thesis. Formative types and colors of works collected were analyzed and classified according to characteristic standards of Haring and characteristic formativeness and color of works were extracted. The result of this study is as shown below: First, the feature of his works can be summarized into motif that has symbolic and implicit cartoon-like lines including narratives as well as enormous number of works. Such feature is very suitable for variation and recombination in realization of design and has unlimited potentials for development. Second, image colors can be extracted such as black and white, original color and fluorescent paints, which reflects the intention of artist who put focus on communication with the public. Such color feature is very suitable for design motif that has explicitness of reflecting the intention of artist through use of special fluorescent yarn. Third, I made it as reversible wear that has effects of increasing or decreasing the explicitness according to color area ratio using the feature of textures allowing use of both sides as well as form stability of tubular jacquard. Fourth, by adjusting the thickness of fabric with controlling of ply in fabric using poly yarn and wool union yarn, I could obtain good results of study in terms of technique that can express various materials with embossed dynamic effects of unevenness on flat surface.