• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.32-46
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• 2005

The breakup characteristics of liquid sheets formed by the impinging and swirl type injectors were studied as increasing the Weber number (or injection condition) and the ambient gas pressure to 4.0.MPa. In the case of impinging type injector. we compared the changes of breakup lengths between laminar and turbulent sheets. which are formed by the impingement of laminar and turbulent jets. respectively. The results showed that both sheets expand as increasing the injection velocity irrespective of the ambient gas density when the gas based Weber number is low. When the Weber number is high, however, the breakup of turbulent sheet depends on the hydraulic force of jets as well as the aerodynamic force of ambient gas which determines the breakup of laminar sheet. Using the experimental results. we could suggest empirical models on the breakup lengths of laminar and turbulent sheets. In the case of swirl type injector. as $We_l$, and ambient gas density increased, the disturbances on the annular liquid sheet surface were amplified by the increase of the aerodynamic forces. and thus the liquid sheet disintegrated near from the injector exit. Finally, the measured breakup length of swirl type injector according to the ambient gas density and $We_l$, was compared with the result by the linear instability theory. We found that the corrected breakup length relation derived from linear instability theory considering the attenuation of sheet thickness agrees well with our experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.86-94
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• 2013

Research on dynamic characteristics of injectors gives us insight for preventing combustion instability in a rocket engine. While lots of studies have been done about swirl injectors' dynamic characteristics, little is known about impinging jet injectors' dynamic characteristics. For this reason, this study was aimed to reveal the dynamic characteristics of an impinging jet injector based on experiment using a hydraulic mechanical pulsator. Gain, which is the relationship between input pressure and output value(pressure or velocity) was analyzed with the frequency and manifold pressure change. Pulsating frequency was chosen in the low range: 5, 10, 15 Hz. As a background work, Methods to determine the jet velocity were discussed. Klystron effect was also considered as a factor of this experiment.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.147-152
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• 2002

In the preceding tests of Sub.(Ⅰ) engines, it was observed that the heat resistant capability of the engines was not enough, and the design of Sub.(Ⅰ) engines was modified to satisfy the mission requirement. Sub.(Ⅰ) Mod. engines have three major design parameters - the arrangement of main injectors, the impinging angle of main injectors and thermal barrier coating. More than 20 experiments were carried out to evaluate engine performance and heat resistance capability with respect to design parameters. Analysing the result of Sub.(Ⅰ) and Sub.(Ⅰ) Mod. engine tests, it is found that the decreased impinging angle, adopting the H-type arrangement(rather than radial type arrangement), and adopting the thermal barrier coating can increase heat resistance capacity substantially. The result show that the performance variation by design change is below 5 percents and the radial type arrangement of injectors has higher performance than H-type. However, the performance of 15°impinging angle engine is higher than that of 20°impinging angle engine, which is inconsistent to our expectation. High frequency instabilities may cause such phenomenon, which will be verified by a series of tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This study presents relations between the time lag and interaction index of the impinging-jet injectors using the time lag model in a model chamber. The response of the flame is analyzed to artificial perturbation with 5% amplitude of oxidizer speed at a resonance frequency. At the mixing point of fuel and oxidizer, which determines the characteristic length, the relationship between velocity perturbation and heat release rate is quantified by combustion parameters of interaction index and time lag. In this method, time lag or delay is calculated by the characteristic length and the average velocity obtained from numerical results. The tendency that the time delay decreases with axial jet velocity has been observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.24-31
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• 2010

Combustion-stability rating of impinging-jet injector is conducted numerically using hot-fire simulation in a subscale chamber with the five-element injector head. A sample F(fuel)-O(dxidizer)-O-F impinging-jet injector is adopted. In this work, instantaneous chemical reaction is adopted for hot-fire simulation based on the assumption that mixing process of fuel and oxidizer streams is controlling. The model chamber was designed based on the methodologies proposed in the previous work regarding geometrical dimensions and operating conditions. The present stability boundaries are in a good agreement with air-injection and hot-fire experimental data. The proposed numerical method can be applied cost-effectively to stability rating of jet injectors when mixing of fuel and oxidizer jets is the dominant process in instability triggering.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.289-292
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• 2009

Injector dynamics of multi swirl injectors in an annular combustor have been investigated by LES(Large Eddy Simulation) turbulent model with MPI parallel computation technique. The present study employs the LM6000 lean premixed swirl-stabilized annular combustor. Real shape combustor is simulated in order to investigate the detail interaction mechanism among multi-injectors. The strong vortex breakdown occurs at the impinging surface between the adjacent injectors so that the complex and strong oscillatory pressure propagates inside of the combustor. Tangential pressure fluctuation mode was captured by including multi injectors in computational domain.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 1996

An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the influence of injector design variables and operating conditions on the resultant drop size for triplet impinging streams injectors. The variables studied in this investigation are pressure drop, impinging angle, orifice length to diameter ratio, and impinging point distance. Droplet-size data are obtained using water as the propellant simulant by Malvern Particle Analyzer System. Drop size decreases with increasing impinging angle and pressure drop while other injector parameters remain constant at the same point. But it is found that there is no noticeable droplet-size change which results from change in orifice length to diameter ratio or impinging point distance within the investigated range.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2022

In this study, the thickness of the liquid sheet formed by a low speed impinging jet onto a flat plate was measured by the direct contact method. The spatial distribution characteristics of the sheet thickness in the radial and circumferential directions, and the effects of jet velocity and liquid viscosity were analyzed. The measurement results were compared with the theoretical predictions. The wavy surface was observed in the case of low viscosity water, but not in the high viscosity aqueous glycerol solutions. The sheet thickness increased as the circumferential angle increased or the distance from the impinging point increased, but the thickness decreased as the circumferential angle increased around the impinging point. As the jet speed increased, the sheet thickness decreased, and the sheet thickness increased as the liquid viscosity increased. Comparison with the theoretical predictions showed that the measurement results agreed well in the case of low viscosity water or high viscosity liquids around the impinging point. The distribution characteristics of the sheet thickness can provide useful means for prediction of spray characteristics in splash plate injectors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

The behavior of spray impinging on the inclined constant temperature flat plate was experimentally investigated. To clarify the wall effect of a high pressure DISI injector, a relative angle of the inclined wall to a spray axis was varied. Spray penetration along the wall was observed optically and it was compared with that of a Fan spray type and Swirl type spray. To evaluate various spray motion quantitatively, a spray path penetration which describe the development of a spray tip along the wall was newly introduced. To observe the structure of an impinging spray, it was visualized by a controlled stroboscope light and its visualized image was captured on an CCD camera. Using the digital image of impinging spray $H_x$ and $R_x$ was extracted to clarify the structure of impinging spray. The main parameter of the relative position of the wall was the inclined angle which was defined as the angle was varied from $0^{\circ}$ (vertical impingement) to $60^{\circ}$ at the same condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000

Mixing characteristics of unlike impinging streams double injectors have a great effect on combustion stability and combustion efficiency for liquid rocket engine. In this study a cold test was carried out, using water and TCE as simulants, in order to examine the effect of design parameters such as impingement angle, orifice diameter ratio and momentum ratio on the mass distribution and mixing quality.