• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.351-364
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose visual Impairment descriptions for MPEG-21 digital item adaptation. The proposed visual impairment descriptions include low vision impairment and color vision deficiency. It is symptom-based description so that the description is systematic enough to sufficiently describe user's any kind of visual impairment characteristics and easy enough to describe for any user with visual impairment. In this paper, we performed some experiments with the proposed description in MPEG-21 digital item adaptation. The experiments showed that the proposed description Is effective to adapt visual resources In digital item for users with visual impairment and to give enhanced visual accessibility to them.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.308-317
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• 2017

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of various leisure activities on cognitive impairment in young-old (aged 65-74 years) and old-old (aged ${\geq}75$ years) adults. Methods: In total, 10,279 elderly Korean individuals from the 2014 Korean National Survey on Older Adults' cohort were enrolled in our study. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the standardized score of the Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening, whereas leisure activities were recorded via self-reporting of the extent and type of leisure activity the subjects involved in over the past year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of leisure activities on cognitive impairment, while controlling for potential covariates. Results: The subjects were more likely to participate in cognitive activities than in non-exercise physical activities. After controlling for selected covariates, involvement in cognitive activities was found to be a significant predictor of cognitive impairment in both the groups, whereas involvement in non-exercise physical activities was not a predictor of cognitive impairment in individuals aged ${\geq}75$ years. Moreover, depressive symptoms, rural residence, and hearing difficulties were common predictors of cognitive impairment among elderly-Korean-individuals. Conclusion: Leisure activity involvement may help delay cognitive impairment, which is often concomitant with aging. Hence, an early intervention service may significantly benefit both young-old and old-old individuals.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed at finding factors influencing cognitive impairment which is one of the typical symptoms among the demented elderly. Methods: The number of subjects was 417 elderly residents aged over 65 yr in a community. A cognitive function and a depression level were measured using the Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Alcohol abuse was measured using the CAGE instrument. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors affecting cognitive impairment. Results: The prevalence rates of cognitive impairment of the sample was 43.5%. Sex, age, educational level, perceived health and alcohol abuse were strong factors influencing cognitive impairment. However, the effects of smoking, living alone, depression, family history in dementia and stroke were not strong. Conclusion: Risk for cognitive impairment were increased by being female and older than 70 yr, having low education, perceiving health as poor, and drinking alcohol abusively. Therefore, a reinforcement system, continuous research and the development of proper programs should be preformed in order to prevent cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate health problems and factors related to work impairment of nurses working at community health centers. Method: Data were collected from May 2008 to July 2008 using a structured, self - reported questionnaire for general characteristics, work-related characteristics, health problems and work impairment. The subjects were composed of 434 nurses from 25 community health centers in Seoul. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: For present health problems, shoulder, back and neck pain were ranked the highest at (54.6%), followed by cold, GI trouble, and visual disorders. The average score of work impairment was 24.71($\pm7.14$) out of 50.0. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the major factors that affect work impairment were age and number of health problems, and that these factors explained 15% of the work impairment. Conclusion: Age and number of health problems are the factors that have the greatest influence on work impairment. These findings indicate that the health condition of nurses at community health centers must be considered to improve the overall quality of nursing service.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.627-651
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• 1994

In this study, literature review was done to examine and compare the current status and problems of different evaluation approaches toward permanent impairment in Korea. Alternatives and improvements in the current approaches in Korea were suggested. Series of cases were also examined to compare different approaches applied to the real cases, using 105 cases from a hospital data and another 207 cases from a insurance company data. The main findings of the literature review are as follows; 1. The current evaluation methods of permanent impairment in Korea are grouped into two categories, grading and rating. Gradings of impairments are expressly specified in 17 various statutes. 2. In Grading methods, the rigid system of 74 different grades has been adopted uniformally for the convenience of administration, which may not be, appropriate or valid from medical and scientifical aspect. 3. The adventage of McBride method is assessment of occupational disability rate. However the classified compensable occupations are only 280 and limited to manufacturing industries in 1960s'of U.S.A., which is not appropriate to current Korean circumstances. Especially, the job list does not include managerial officers or mental workers. 4. AMA Guides is the scientific and reasonable method for the assessment of physical impairment rate. However compensation and reparation of impairment case is difficult because this method cannot assess the disability rate according to occupation, age, etc. The results of cases comparative study are as follows: 5. The physical Impairment could be compared in 167 out of total 312 cases, and for the cases of complex impairment, McBride method underestimate physical impairment rate compared with AM A method. 6. When disability late was assessed, occupation was considered the compensation of only 85 cases, and age was used in only 21 cases. This was because occupation and age compensation in McBride method are unreasonable. 7. The most Ideal alternative is to assess physical impairment according to AMA method and then to develop a compensation method appropriate for the circumstances of Korea society.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2011

In trauma patients, cognitive impairment may develop due to several causes: traumatic brain injury such as intracranial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, hypoxic brain injury or reperfusion injury, the psychologic disorder, such as acute stress disorder, post-traumatic disorder or delirium. We describe a 62-year-old male with post-trauma cognitive impairment due to a primary central nervous system lymphoma.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1994

Visibility impairment phenomenon due to various air pollutants is a highly complex problem To understand this problem in Seoul, (1) theoretical background of visibility impairment; (2) methods to quantify visual range and to assess contribution of each air pollutant to the visibility impairment problem; and (3) previous field measurements and modeling studies, both in Korea and abroad, are critically reviewed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Pain is one of the most common causes of disability and work loss. However, patients with chronic pain have not been regarded as impaired persons in the Republic of Korea because of a lack of objective findings in those patients and difficulties in validating their genuine suffering and quantitative evaluation of pain. Here, the difficulties in the evaluation of impairment in chronic pain patients are discussed. In addition, guidelines for rating impairment in chronic pain patients, which are under development by the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences, are introduced.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

This research reviewed the instrumental ADL for patients with mild cognitive impairment, which is one of the most interested topics, and hope that this research helps evaluating and treating the mid cognitive impairment patients in occupational therapy. The treatment for dementia patients are actively in progress, but there has not been treatment approach about mild cognitive impairment patients, who are in risk of moving on to dementia. In this review, we have dealt with the foundation of matching the point to instrumental ADL from the occupational areas of mild cognitive impairment patients and normal elders. We have discussed the that essential consideration about instrumental ADL is needed to prevent mild cognitive impairment developing into dementia. In conclusion, there is a need of regular evaluation about instrumental ADL considering the occupational areas of mild cognitive impairment patient groups, who are highly in risk of developing into dementia, and occupational therapeutic approach is needed as well.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.326-337
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of social participation types on cognitive impairment degree(normal, mild, severe cognitive function) by urban and rural difference. The research was performed by multinomial logistic regression with the data of elderly 5,668 over 55 years of age from the sixth wave(2016) and the seventh wave(2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Results show that social participation reduces the risk of cognitive impairment on both urban and rural older adults regardless of types, but the types of social participation, which are effective to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment, are different between urban and rural area. According to residential area, types of social participation, which are effective to decline the risk of being mild or severe cognitive impairment and the risk of being severe cognitive impairment relative to mild, are different. These findings suggest that, in order to prevent cognitive impairment and reduce the severity, social participation is strongly recommended and appropriate supports are required. This implies policy and intervention efforts considering the urban and rural difference are needed.