• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1331-1344
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• 2021

This study is to evaluate the seismic capacity of the fire-damaged cabinet facility in a nuclear power plant (NPP). A prototype of an electrical cabinet is modeled using OpenSees for the numerical simulation. To capture the nonlinear behavior of the cabinet, the constitutive law of the material model under the fire environment is considered. The experimental record from the impact hammer test is extracted trough the frequency-domain decomposition (FDD) method, which is used to verify the effectiveness of the numerical model through modal assurance criteria (MAC). Assuming different temperatures, the nonlinear time history analysis is conducted using a set of fifty earthquakes and the seismic outputs are investigated by the fragility analysis. To get a threshold of intensity measure, the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is adopted for uncertainty reduction purposes. Finally, a capacity estimation model has been proposed through the investigation, which will be helpful for the engineer or NPP operator to evaluate the fire-damaged cabinet strength under seismic excitation. This capacity model is presented in terms of the High Confidence of Low Probability of Failure (HCLPF) point. The results are validated by the proper judgment and can be used to analyze the influences of fire on the electrical cabinet.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2022

This paper presents the measuring process of dynamic properties of offshore wind power foundation and provides consideration of each step. This Guideline enables to maintain consistent measuring procedure and therefore increase the reliability of test results. Small scaled suction bucket foundation was fabricated to represent the commercial support structure installation mechanism and two cases(free-free, free-fixed) of dynamic tests were performed at workshop. From the tests, the importance of dynamic properties of connection part between suction bucket and tower was figured out. More over, types and configuration of measuring devices are recommended which can help find the natural frequency of wind turbine foundation correctly. In field test, it was found that the natural frequency of suction bucket foundation was increased linearly with the penetration depth due to the confining effect of ambient soil. Meanwhile, it was not easy to get an enough excitation force with normal impact hammer because the N.F of suction bucket model was in the lower range of 0 Hz ~ 5 Hz. Therefore, new excitation method which has enough force and can excite lower frequency range was devised. This study will help develop safety check procedure of suction bucket foundation in field at each installation stage using the N.F measurement.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

The energy transferred on drill rods by dynamic impact mainly determines the penetration depth for in-situ tests. In this study, the dynamic response and transferred energy of drill rods are determined from the frequency of the stress waves. AW-type drill rods of lengths 1 to 3 m are prepared, and strain gauges and an accelerometer are installed at the head and tip of the connected rods. The drill rods are hung on strings, allowing free vibration, and then impacted by a pendulum hammer with fixed potential energy. Increasing the rod length L increases the wave roundtrip time (2L/c, where c is the wave velocity), and hence the transferred energy at the rod head. At the rod tip, the first velocity peak is higher than the first force peak because a large and tensile stress wave is reflected, and the transferred energy converges to zero. The resonant frequency increases with rod length in the waveforms measured by the strain gauges, and fluctuates in the waveforms measured by the accelerometer. In addition, the dynamic response and transferred energy are perturbed when the cutoff frequency is lower than 2 kHz. This study implies that the resonant frequency should be considered for the interpretation of transferred energy on drill rods.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2022

Due to the complexity of the structure and the limits of classical SEA, a combined SEA approach is employed, with angle-dependent SEA in the low- and mid-frequency ranges and advanced SEA (ASEA) considering indirect coupling in the high-frequency range. As an important component of the steel box girder, the dynamic response of an L-junction periodic ribbed plate is calculated first by the combined SEA and validated by the impact hammer test and finite element method (FEM). Results show that the indirect coupling due to the periodicity of stiffened plate is significant at high frequencies and may cause the error to reach 38.4 dB. Hence, the incident bending wave angle cannot be ignored in comparison to classical SEA. The combined SEA is then extended to investigate the vibration properties of the steel box girder. The bending wave transmission study is likewise carried out to gain further physical insight into indirect coupling. By comparison with FEM and classical SEA, this approach yields good accuracy for calculating the dynamic responses of the steel box girder made of periodic ribbed plates in a wide frequency range. Furthermore, the influences of some important parameters are discussed, and suggestions for vibration and noise control are provided.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2024

이 연구는 임팩트해머 실험을 통해 얻은 FRF 데이터를 분석하여 유효질량을 설정하고 부재의 물성치를 추정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 콘크리트강도를 추정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 측정된 FRF 데이터로부터 파라미터를 보정하고 유효질량을 추출하여 강성 및 감쇠치를 실증적으로 추정하였다. 연속계를 단자유도계로 모델링 시에 유효질량은 부재의 유연성 혹은 강성의 영향과 세장정도 및 경계조건에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구에서 실시한 실험에서 유연하고 휨이 지배하는 양단고정보와 캔틸레버보의 참여계수는 각각 0.330과 0.261으로 나타났으며, 유사한 부재에 대한 기준데이터로 적용할 수 있다. 콘크리트부재는 강성이 크며, 낮은 세장비와 기둥 상부에서 작용하는 자중을 고려하여 참여계수를 1.0으로 보정하여 콘크리트강도를 추정하였으며, 실제 콘크리트강도와 근사한 값을 나타내어 실무에 적용할 수 있는 기법으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

With the recent increase in size of ships and offshore structures, there are more demand for thicker plates. As the thickness increases, it is known that fatigue life of the structures decrease. To improve the fatigue life, post weld treatments techniques, such as toe grinding, TIG dressing and hammer peening, are typically employed. However, these techniques require additional construction time and production cost. Therefore, it is of crucial interest steels with longer fatigue crack growth life compared to conventional steels. This study investigates fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behaviours of conventional EH36 steel and Ferrite-Bainite dual phase EH36 steel (F-B steel). F-B steel is known to have improved fatigue performance associated with the existence of two different phases. Ferrite-Bainite dual phase microstructures are obtained by special thermo mechanical control process (TMCP). FCGR behaviours are investigated by a series of constant stress-controlled FCGR tests. Considering all test conditions (ambient, low temperature, high stress ratio), it is shown that FCGR of F-B steel is slower than that of conventional EH36 steel. From the tensile tests and impact tests, F-B steel exhibits higher values of strength and impact energy leading to slower FCGR.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.513-516
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• 2011

소형 풍력발전기 날개의 동적 거동에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 날개를 따라 배열된 광 브레그 격자 (Fiber Bragg Grating) 센서를 이용하여 날개 표면에서의 변형률(strain)을 측정하였다. 충격 햄머 실험 (Impact Hammer Test)을 통하여, 1차 및 고차 모드의 공진주파수를 측정하였다. 광섬유 센서를 이용한 실험결과를 스트레인 게이지를 이용한 실험 결과와 비교한 결과 모드 주파수는 매우 유사하였다. 하지만, 광섬유 센서의 경우 스트레인 게이지에서 감지하지 못하는 모드를 감지할 수 있었다. 또한, 실험으로부터 얻은 변형률 모드를 이용하여 근사적으로 날개의 변위 모드를 추정하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.935-943
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 유압벌지시험기를 이용한 저속 벌지시험과 낙하해머(drop hammer)를 응용한 충격벌지시험기를 제작, 사용하여 충격벌지시험을 하여 저속변형과 충격변형에서 판재금속의 성형한계선도를 구하고 변형율속도가 판재의 불안정 및 성형 성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 다이의 형상비(단축/장축)를 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 등으로 달 리하여 실험하므로써 변형경로에 따른 한계변형율의 변화를 관찰하고 아울러 기존의 성형한계이론과 비교, 검토하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4146-4158
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• 2022

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely utilized in military and civil protective structures to resist intensive loadings attributed to its excellent properties, e.g., high tensile/compressive strength, high dynamic toughness and impact resistance. At present, aiming to improve the defects of the traditional vertical concrete cask (VCC), i.e., the external storage facility of spent fuel, with normal strength concrete (NSC) shield, e.g., heavy weight and difficult to fabricate/transform, the feasibility of UHPC applied in the shield of VCC is numerically examined considering its high radiation and corrosion resistance. Firstly, the finite element (FE) analyses approach and material model parameters of NSC and UHPC are verified based on the 1/3 scaled VCC tip-over test and drop hammer test on UHPC members, respectively. Then, the refined FE model of prototypical VCC is established and utilized to examine its dynamic behaviors and damage distribution in accidental tip-over and end-drop events, in which the various influential factors, e.g., UHPC shield thickness, concrete ground thickness, and sealing methods of steel container are considered. In conclusion, by quantitatively evaluating the safety of VCC in terms of the shield damage and vibrations, it is found that adopting the 300 mm-thick UHPC shield instead of the conventional 650 mm-thick NSC shield can reduce about 1/3 of the total weight of VCC, i.e., about 50 t, and 37% floor space, as well as guarantee the structural integrity of VCC during the accidental drop simultaneously. Besides, based on the parametric analyses, the thickness of concrete ground in the VCC storage site is recommended as less than 500 mm, and the welded connection is recommended for the sealing method of steel containers.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2023

산불이 대형화됨에 따라 산불 예방 및 진화를 위해 임도시설의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 산불 발생 시 임도가 제 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 적정한 노선 선정과 함께 구조적인 안정성을 확보해야 한다. 그동안의 연구는 산불 발생에 따른 임도의 효과와 노선 배치에 치중되어 있으며, 임도의 안전성 확보를 위한 연구는 수행되지 않은 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 최근 3년간 초대형 산불 발생지 내의 임도 콘크리트 시설물을 대상으로 콘크리트 비파괴검사기법 중 하나인 반발경도법을 이용하여 산불 여부에 따라 그 강도를 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 산불 피해 콘크리트 시설물(15.4 MPa)은 미피해 콘크리트 시설물(18.0 MPa)에 비해 낮은 강도를 나타냈으며(p<0.001), 그 경향은 모든 대상 시설물에서 동일하게 나타났다. 따라서, 임도 시설의 강도 저하로 인한 임도의 2차 피해를 방지하기 위해 임도 시설물의 안전진단 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 본 연구 결과에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 실내 실험을 동반한 후속 연구가 진행되어 임도의 안정성을 제고해야 하며, 이를 통해 산불 예방과 진화를 위한 더 나은 전략을 마련할 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.