• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2022

Humanity is in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and vaccines-including mRNA vaccines-have been developed at an unprecedented speed. It is necessary to develop guidelines for vaccination for people undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) and for pregnancy-related situations based on the extant laboratory and clinical data. COVID-19 vaccines do not appear to adversely affect gametes, embryos, or implantation; therefore, active vaccination is recommended for women or men who are preparing for ART. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) for the treatment of immune-related infertility is unlikely to impact the effectiveness of the vaccines, so COVID-19 vaccines can be administered around ART cycles in which IVIG is scheduled. Pregnant women have been proven to be at risk of severe maternal and neonatal complications from COVID-19. It does not appear that COVID-19 vaccines harm pregnant women or fetuses; instead, they have been observed to deliver antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) to the fetus. Accordingly, it is recommended that pregnant women receive COVID-19 vaccination. There is no rationale for adverse effects, or clinical cases of adverse reactions, in mothers or neonates after COVID-19 vaccination in lactating women. Instead, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be delivered through breast milk. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should consider vaccination. In summary, active administration of COVID-19 vaccines will help ensure the safe implementation of ART, pregnancy, and breastfeeding.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.403-421
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• 2021

Most of the urban tunnels in Korea, which are represented by the 1st to 3rd subways, use the drainage tunnel by NATM. Recently, when a construction project that actively utilizes large-scale urban space is promoted, negative effects that do not conform to the existing empirical rules of urban tunnels may occur. In particular, there is a high possibility that groundwater fluctuations and hydrodynamic behavior will occur owing to the practice of tunnel technology in Korea, which has mainly applied the drainage tunnel. In order to solve the problem of the drainage tunnel, attempts are being made to control groundwater fluctuations. For this, the establishment of tunnel groundwater management standard concept and the analysis of the tunnel hydraulic behavior were performed. To prevent the problem of groundwater fluctuations caused by the construction of large-scale tunnels in urban areas, it was suggested that the conceptual transformation of the empirical technical practice, which is applied only in the underground safety impact assessment stage, to the direction of controlling the inflow in the tunnel, is required. And the relationship between the groundwater level and the inflow of the tunnel required for setting the allowable inflow when planning the tunnel was derived. The introduction of a tunnel groundwater management concept is expected to help solve problems such as groundwater fluctuations, ground settlement, depletion of groundwater resources, and decline of maintenance performance in various urban deep tunnel construction projects to be promoted in the future.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2022

Background: Patients with hematologic cancers have a risk of drug-related problems (DRPs) from medications associated with chemotherapy and supportive care. Although the role of oncology pharmacists has been widely documented in the literature, few studies have reported its impact on cost reduction. This study aimed to describe the activities of oncology pharmacists with respect to hematologic diseases and evaluate the associated cost avoidance. Methods: From January to July 2021, patients admitted to the department of hemato-oncology at Seoul National University, Bundang Hospital were studied. The activities of oncology pharmacists were reported by DRP type following the Pharmaceutical Care Network version 9.1 guidelines, and the acceptance rate was calculated. The avoided cost was estimated based on the cost of the pharmacy intervention, pharmacist manpower, and prescriptions associated with the intervention. Results: Pharmacists intervened in 584 prescriptions from 208 patients during the study period. The most prevalent DRP was "adverse drug event (possibly) occurring" (32.4%), followed by "effect of drug treatment not optimal" (28.6%). "Drug selection" (42.5%) and "dose selection" (30.3%) were the most common causes of DRPs. The acceptance rate of the interventions was 97.1%. The total avoidance cost was KRW 149,468,321; the net profit of the avoidance cost, excluding labor costs, was KRW 121,051,690; and the estimated cost saving was KRW 37,223,748. Conclusion: Oncology pharmacists identified and resolved various types of DRPs from prescriptions for patients with hematologic disease, by reviewing the prescriptions. Their clinical service contributed to enhanced patient safety and the avoidance of associated costs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

Due to the development of smartphone technology, as of 2020, 91.9% of people use the Internet[1] to frequently acquire information through websites and mobile apps. As the number of homepages in charge of providing information is increasing every year, the number of applications for web vulnerability diagnosis, which diagnoses the safety of homepages, is also increasing. In the existing web vulnerability check, the number of diagnostic personnel should increase in proportion to the number of homepages that need diagnosis because the diagnosticians manually test the homepages for vulnerabilities. In reality, however, there is a limit to securing a web vulnerability diagnosis manpower, and if the number of diagnosis manpower is increased, a lot of costs are incurred. To solve these problems, an automatic diagnosis tool is used to replace a part of the manual diagnosis. This paper explores a new method to expand the current automatic diagnosis range. In other words, automatic diagnosis possible items were derived by analyzing the impact of web vulnerability diagnosis items. Furthermore, automatic diagnosis identified possible items through comparative analysis of diagnosis results by performing manual and automatic diagnosis on the website in operation. In addition, it is possible to replace manual diagnosis for possible items, but not all vulnerability items, through the improvement of automatic diagnosis tools. This paper will explore some suggestions that can help improve plans to support and implement automatic diagnosis. Through this, it will be possible to contribute to the creation of a safe website operating environment by focusing on the parts that require precise diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.273-305
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the essence of the self-care experiences of middle-aged one-person households considering their individual circumstances and situational context. In this study, 10 middle-aged people in one-person households were interviewed. The interview data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis. In result, middle-aged one-person households considered self-care as 'means to protect themselves', 'preparation for their single life in late adulthood', and 'behavior to feel gratitude and happiness in the present.' Their motives for self-care were 'being aware of their physical aging and possibility of illnesse', 'feeling threatened about their safety', 'sensing that their daily livings may be at a risk', 'absence of a caregiven person who can take care of them', 'maintaining of their psychological health', 'being burned out from busy working schedules', and 'to lessen their own and their family's worries and anxiety.' Their specific ways of self-care were 'physical health care', 'private activities for emotional care', and 'meeting people.' Consequently, the self-care of middle-aged people had a positive impact on their work and relationships, lessened their sense of isolation, and brought comfort to their lives. Based on the results of the study, this study proposed the implications, limitations, and suggestions for further research.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.149-161
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• 2022

Because the speed limit affects moving speed, it is closely related to traffic accidents as well as traffic flow. The existing speed limit calculation methods consider various engineering factors such as lanes, intersection spacing, driveways, crosswalks, 85 percentile speed, land uses, and roadway geometric characteristics etc. However, it can be said that the engineering analysis is insufficient because the traffic impact analysis considering traffic volume is not carried out. In addition, only 85 percentile speed, which is the spot speed, does not reflect the characteristics of the traffic flow on the road. In this paper, the effect of the speed limit change on the moving speed and the travel speed was analyzed in detail accordinr to the variation of intersection spacing and traffic volume. And by using the results, we proposed a speed limit calculation method that maintains the same service level as before the speed limit change, thereby increasing the speed improvement effect and reducing the difference between moving speed and travel speed. In addition, a variable speed limit operation method according to the change in traffic volume was also suggested. This method is expected to be effective in terms of safety by reducing the speed difference, which affects the severity of traffic accidents, while securing the speed improvement effect, and increasing the speed limit compliance rate of drivers by operating the speed limit that reflects the speed change due to the variation of traffic volume.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.97-114
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• 2023

Despite numerous studies, research on ginseng in aspect of an economic and business perspective are insufficient. Recently, research to reveal the economic cause of ginseng products purchase is drawing attention. The purpose of this study is to analyze empirically the factors of ginseng products purchase by international consumers from a microeconomic perspective. Using the survey data, we empirically investigate the determinants of ginseng products purchase by international consumers visiting Korea. We use a multinomial logistic model to find the determinants that influence the purchase of ginseng products. This study finds the followings. First, the economic factor is an important determinant of ginseng products purchase. The average daily expenditure has a greater impact on ginseng products purchase than household income does. Even though the average daily expenditure is high, they tend to buy less ginseng products when they prefer other products. Second, demographically, gender and age are also important determinants of ginseng products purchase. It has been found that elderly male consumers are more likely to buy ginseng products. Third, international consumers for leisure purposes have a higher probability of buying ginseng products than tourism consumers for other purposes do. Finally, destination attributes such as security (safety), ease of use of mobile/Internet, and ease of finding directions are also important factors affecting ginseng products purchase. In addition, it is found that the convenience of using the mobile/Internet, the ease of finding directions, and the convenience of shopping increase the probability of buying ginseng products by international consumers. This study is meaningful in that it explored the determinants of ginseng products purchase by analyzing individual consumers' ginseng products choices.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.828-838
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• 2022

Purpose: Through the establishment of a computerized system of risk assessment, the purpose is to analyze the case of whether the co-workers who are subject to the risk assessment at the construction site can easily fill it out and expect disaster reduction through efficient risk assessment activities. Method: By providing the risk factors and safety measures for the work by selecting the type of work, the risk estimation and the establishment of countermeasures can be made, and a system has been established to enable practical disaster prevention activities by presenting disaster cases for the work. Result: Through the analysis of the change in the scaled disaster rate for the years following the on-site application after the establishment of the risk assessment computer system of H Construction Company, it was confirmed that the scaled disaster rate of the domestic construction industry increased, while the conversion disaster rate of H Construction Company decreased. Conclusion: Through the computational systemization of risk assessments, workers in the field can easily access the risk assessment, evaluate the risk factors of the process and establish risk prevention measures, and it has been analyzed that there is an impact on the reduction of the disaster rate during the operational analysis period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2023

This study presents an analytical study of investigating the effect of shock waves generated by the hydrogen detonation and damage to structures for the safety evaluation of hydrogen storage facilities against detonation. Blast scenarios were established considering the volume of the hydrogen storage facility of 10 L to 50,000 L, states of charge (SOC) of 50% and 100%, and initial pressures of 50 MPa and 100 MPa. The equivalent TNT weight for hydrgen detonation was determined considering the mechanical and chemical energies of hydrogen. A hydrogen detonation model for the converted equivalent TNT weight was made using design equations that improved the Kingery-Bulmash design chart of UFC 3-340-02. The hydrogen detonation model was validated for overpressure and impulse in comparison to the past experimental results associated with the detonation of hydrogen tank. A parametric study based on the blast scenarios was performed using the validated hydrogen detonation model, and design charts for overpressure and impulse according to the standoff distance from the center of charge was provided. Further, design charts of the three-stage structural damage and standoff distance of adjacent structures according to the level of overpressure and impact were proposed using the overpressure and impulse charts and pressure-impulse diagrams.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.871-882
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• 2018

This study investigated meaning of life as mediator of the relationships of meaning of work and happiness in Koran middle aged. A sample of 171 middle aged were participated. in survey about meaning of work, meaning of work and happiness. The data were analyzed using correlation test and path analysis. The results was followed. First, every factors was positively correlated. The meaning of work was positively correlated with meaning in life and happiness. And meaning in life was also positively correlated with happiness. Second, the meaning in life had partial mediation effect between meaning of work and happiness. The middle aged's higher score of meaning of work not only directly increased happiness, but also induced higher level of meaning in life, which, in turn, increased happiness. The results of this study suggested that meaning of work is a predictor meaning in life and happness, and meaning in life can be important factor of the relationship between meaning of work and happiness.