• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1985

A common failure mechanism in bulk CMOS integrated circuits is the latch-up of parasitic SCR structure inherent in the bulk CMOS structure. Latch-up triggering and holding charac-teristics have been measured in the test devicrs which include conventional and Schottky-damped CMOS structures with various well depths and n+/p+ spacings. It is demonstrated that Schottky-clamped CMOS is more latch-up immune than conventional bulk CMOS. Finally, the simulation results by circuit simulation program (SPICE) are compared with measured results in order to verify the validity of the latch-up modal composed of nan, pnp transistors and two external resistors.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 하드웨어 오류 검출을 위하여 공생 진화(symbiotic evolution)에 기반을 둔 새로운 immunotronic 알고리즘을 제안한다. 면역학(immunology)과 전자공학(Electronics)을 결합한 immunotronic 시스템에서 가장 중요한 점은 포용 조건 (tolerance condition)을 생성하는 방식이다. 여기서 포용 조건 생성은 생체 면역 시스템에서의 항체 생성을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 생체 면역 시스템에서 매우 중요한 개념인 항체의 다양성 원리(principle of antibody diversity)를 포용 조건 생성에 적용한 후 공생 진화를 통하여 이를 구현한다. 공생 진화는 기존의 유전자 알고리즘(standard genetic algorithm, SGA)에 비해서 더욱 더 생체 면역 시스템이 항체를 생성하는 방식과 유사하며 이러한 방식은 이전의 immunotronic 방식에 비해서 더 향상된 비자기 검출 율을 보여 준다. 이렇게 제안된 알고리즘을 FSM(Finite State Machine)의 가장 전형적인 예인 십진 카운터와 MCNC benchmark FSM에 적용한 후 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통해 그 성능을 확인한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2017

Based on the super elastic properties of the shape memory alloy (SMA) and the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics, a kind of hybrid semi-active control device was designed and made, its mechanical properties test was done under different frequency and different voltage. The local search ability of genetic algorithm is poor, which would fall into the defect of prematurity easily. A kind of adaptive immune memory cloning algorithm(AIMCA) was proposed based on the simulation of clone selection and immune memory process. It can adjust the mutation probability and clone scale adaptively through the way of introducing memory cell and antibody incentive degrees. And performance indicator based on the modal controllable degree was taken as antigen-antibody affinity function, the optimization analysis of damper layout in a space truss structure was done. The structural seismic response was analyzed by applying the neural network prediction model and T-S fuzzy logic. Results show that SMA and PZT friction composite damper has a good energy dissipation capacity and stable performance, the bigger voltage, the better energy dissipation ability. Compared with genetic algorithm, the adaptive immune memory clone algorithm overcomes the problem of prematurity effectively. Besides, it has stronger global searching ability, better population diversity and faster convergence speed, makes the damper has a better arrangement position in structural dampers optimization leading to the better damping effect.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2001

최근 컴퓨터의 사용이 보편화되면서 악의적 사용자에 의해 발생하는 컴퓨터 바이러스와 해킹에 의한 피해가 급속히 증가하고 있다. 남의 컴퓨터에 침입하는 해킹이나 데이터를 파괴하는 컴퓨터 바이러스에 의한 피해를 막기 위해 최근에 생명체의 면역시스템의 특징을 이용해 인공면역계를 구성해 시스템 침입탐지와 바이러스 탐지 및 치료에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 생체 면역계는 외부에서 침입해 세포나 장기에 피해를 주는 물질인 항원을 스스로 자기세포와 구분해 인식, 제거하는 기능이 있다. 이러한 면역계의 특징인 항원을 인식하는 기능은 자기세포의 확실한 인식을 가지고 있는 상태에서 다른 물질을 구분하는 자기/비자기(self/non-self) 인식방법으로 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 생체 면역계에서 세포독성 T세포의 생성과정의 하나인 Positive Selection을 모델링하여 침입에 의한 데이터 변경과 바이러스에 의한 데이터 감염 등을 탐지할 때 가장 중요한 요소인 자기-인식 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 큰 파일에서의 Detection을 구성하기 용이한 점을 가지며 극소변경과 블록변경에 대한 자기인식률을 통해 알고리즘을 유효성을 검증한다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2003

It is known that HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, which causes AIDS after some latent period, is a dynamic process that can be modeled mathematically. Effects of available anti-viral drugs, which prevent HIV from infecting healthy cells, can also be included in the model. In this paper we illustrate control theory can be applied to a model of HIV infection. In particular, the drug dose is regarded as control input and the goal is to excite an immune response so that the symptom of infected patient should not be developed into AIDS. Finite horizon optimal control is employed to obtain the optimal schedule of drug dose since the model is highly nonlinear and we want maximum performance for enhancing the immune response. From the simulation studies, we found that gradual reduction of drug dose is important for the optimality. We also demonstrate the obtained open-loop optimal control is vulnerable to parameter variation of the model and measurement noise. To overcome this difficulty, we finally present nonlinear receding horizon control to incorporate feedback in the drug treatment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1951-1956
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• 2003

It is known that HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, which causes AIDS after some latent period, is a dynamic process that can be modeled mathematically. Effects of available anti-viral drugs, which prevent HIV from infecting healthy cells, can also be included in the model. In this paper we illustrate control theory can be applied to a model of HIV infection. In particular, the drug dose is regarded as control input and the goal is to excite an immune response so that the symptom of infected patient should not be developed into AIDS. Finite horizon optimal control is employed to obtain the optimal schedule of drug dose since the model is highly nonlinear and we want maximum performance for enhancing the immune response. From the simulation studies, we find that gradual reduction of drug dose is important for the optimality. We also demonstrate the obtained open-loop optimal control is vulnerable to parameter variation of the model and measurement noise. To overcome this difficulty, we finally present nonlinear receding horizon control to incorporate feedback in the drug treatment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.4680-4697
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• 2017

In future, since the user experience plays a more and more important role in the development of today's communication systems, quality of experience (QoE) becomes a widely used metric, which reflects the subjective experience of end users for wireless service. In addition, the energy efficiency is an increasingly important problem with the explosive growth in the amount of wireless terminals and nodes. Hence, a QoE-aware energy efficiency maximization based joint user access selection and power allocation approach is proposed to solve the problem. We transform the joint allocation process to an optimization of energy efficiency by establishing an energy efficiency model, and then the optimization problem is solved by chaotic clone immune algorithm (CCIA). Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can efficiently and reliably improve the QoE and ensure high energy efficiency of networks.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2015

Hierarchical constraints and constraint satisfaction were analyzed in order to solve the problem of conflict detection in collaborative design. The constraints were divided into two sets: one set consisted of known constraints and the other of unknown constraints. The constraints of the two sets were detected with corresponding methods. The set of the known constraints was detected using an interval propagation algorithm, a back propagation (BP) neural network was proposed to detect the set with the unknown constraints. An immune algorithm (IA) was utilized to optimize the weights and the thresholds of the BP neural network, and the steps were designed for the optimization process. The results of the simulation indicated that the BP neural network that was optimized by IA has a better performance in terms of convergent speed and global searching ability than a genetic algorithm. The constraints were described using the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for computers to be able to automatically recognize and establish the constraint network. The implementation of the conflict detection system was designed based on constraint satisfaction. A wind planetary gear train is taken as an example of collaborative design with a conflict detection system.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 생체의 면역계에서 중요한 역할을 하는 세포독성 T세포의 생성과정의 하나인 긍정 선택(positive selection)과 부정 선택(negative selection)을 모델링하였다. 그리고 침입에 의한 데이터 변경과 바이러스에 의한 데이터 감염 등을 탐지할 때 가장 중요한 요소인 변경 검사 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 제안된 방법은 자기를 인식하는 MHC 인식부와 비자기를 인식하는 항원 인식부를 생성하는 알고리즘이다. 따라서 제안한 방법은 실제 면역세포와 마찬가지로 자신과 침입자 모두에 대한 인식기를 가지고 변경을 탐지하게 된다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 자기파일의 국소가 변경되었을 때와 블록이 변경되었을 때에 대하여 두 가지 방법을 이용한 변경 검사 알고리즘의 특성과 유효성을 밝힌다

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2014

Based on Zernike polynomial fitting, we propose an algorithm believed to be new for interferometric measurements of rotationally asymmetric surface deviation of optics. This method tests and calculates each angular surface by choosing specified rotation angles with lowest error. The entire figure can be obtained by superimposing these sub-surfaces. Simulation and experiment studies for verifying the proposed algorithm are presented. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is higher than single-rotation algorithm and almost comparable to the rotation-averaging algorithm with fewer rotation measurements. The new algorithm can achieve a balance between the efficiency and accuracy.