• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1990

Propyl gallate used as an antioxidant was examined for its effects on murine immune system. As immunotoxicology assay parameters, we adopted circulating leukocytes and immunoorgan weights for pathotoxicology, delayed hypersensitivity and colloidal carbon clearance for cell mediated immuntity. Propyl gallate's effects were observed as follows; 1) Propyl gallate decreased circulating leukocyte counts, dose dependently. 2) Propyl gallate decreased delayed hypersensitivity reaction. 3) Phagocytic index were similar in the test and control groups.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.221-230
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• 1992

In order to investigate the effects of shipjuntaepotang (少陰人 十全大補湯) on immune response, the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells (RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers, and carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS (mononuclear phagocyte system) were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows. 1. DTH in the experimental group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 2. RFC in the experimental group was increased, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 3. HA-titers were increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 4. HL-titers were increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. 5. Carbon clearance was increased in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, with statistical significance. Through invivo experimental study in ICR mice, these findings suggest that shipjuntaepo-tang enhance both cellmediated and humoral immune responce.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

An immune system has powerful abilities such as memory, recognition and learning to respond to invading antigens, and is applied to many engineering algorithm recently. In this paper, the combined optimization algorithm is proposed for multi-objective problem by introducing the capability of the immune system that controls the proliferation of clones to the genetic algorithm. The optimizing ability of the proposed algorithm is identified by using multi-peak function which have many local optimums and identification of the flexural rigidity for wire rope model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-63
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• 2019

In this paper, we study the effect of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody immune responses on the virus dynamics with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions. The infection rate is given by Holling type-II. We first show that the model is biologically acceptable by showing that the solutions of the model are nonnegative and bounded. We find the equilibria of the model and investigate their global stability analysis. We derive five threshold parameters which fully determine the existence and stability of the five equilibria of the model. The global stability of all equilibria of the model is proven using Lyapunov method and applying LaSalle's invariance principle. To support our theoretical results we have performed some numerical simulations for the model. The results show the CTL and antibody immune response can control the disease progression.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.155-158
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• 2023

In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with KRG improve the parameters of immune activity such as the cytotoxicity, populations of CD4⁺ CD8⁺T cell, CD3^-CD172^-CD8⁺ NK cell and CD172⁺ monocyte as well as natural cytotoxicity receptors such as Nkp46, Nkp44, Nkp30. In results, KRG significantly increased these immune activities. These results indicate that KRG has distinct immuneenhancing effects by increasing the roles of T cells and NK cell in porcine.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2024

The development and differentiation of endothelial cells (ECs) are fundamental processes with significant implications for both health and disease. ECs, which are found in all organs and blood vessels, play a crucial role in facilitating nutrient and waste exchange and maintaining proper vessel function. Understanding the intricate signaling pathways involved in EC development holds great promise for enhancing vascularization, tissue engineering, and vascular regeneration. Hematopoietic stem cells originating from hemogenic ECs, give rise to diverse immune cell populations, and the interaction between ECs and immune cells is vital for maintaining vascular integrity and regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of vascular development pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, where tumor-specific ECs promote tumor growth through angiogenesis. Recent advancements in single-cell genomics and in vivo genetic labeling have shed light on EC development, plasticity, and heterogeneity, uncovering tissue-specific gene expression and crucial signaling pathways. This review explores the potential of ECs in various applications, presenting novel opportunities for advancing vascular medicine and treatment strategies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1463-1469
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• 2020

Objective: The effects of maternal and offspring dietary vitamin A (VA) supplementation on early body weight, digestive tract function and immune function in goslings were studied. Methods: Yangzhou geese (180 d old) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 15 females and 3 males (the males were kept until slaughter). Eggs were collected for hatching during the peak laying period. A total of 96 goslings were selected from each treatment group (each fed a basic diet supplemented with 0, 4,000, 8,000, 12,000 or 16,000 IU/kg VA) and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 8 goslings in each replicate. The gosling diet was supplemented with 0 or 9,000 IU/kg VA. Results: i) Villus length, villus width and the muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were increased and the crypt depth was reduced after adding 12,000 IU/kg VA to the goslings' diet (p<0.05). Adding 9,000 IU/kg VA to the offspring diet increased the length of the duodenal villi and width of the ileum and decreased the crypt depth of the ileum (p<0.05). ii) Supplementing the maternal diet with 12,000 IU/kg VA increased immune organ weight, the immune organ index and immunoglobulin content in goslings (p<0.05). The bursa weight and immunoglobulin G content of offspring were higher in the 9,000 IU/kg VA supplementation group than in the group with no supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Offspring growth and development were affected by the amount of VA added into maternal diet. The negative effect of maternal VA deficiency on offspring can be compensated by adding VA to the offspring diet. Continued VA supplementation in the offspring diet after excessive VA supplementation in the maternal diet is unfavorable for gosling growth and development.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.138-148
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• 2014

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNA molecules best known for their function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Immunologically, miRNA regulates the differentiation and function of immune cells and its malfunction contributes to the development of various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Over the last decade, accumulating researches provide evidence for the connection between dysregulated miRNA network and autoimmunity. Interruption of miRNA biogenesis machinery contributes to the abnormal T and B cell development and particularly a reduced suppressive function of regulatory T cells, leading to systemic autoimmune diseases. Additionally, multiple factors under autoimmune conditions interfere with miRNA generation via key miRNA processing enzymes, thus further skewing the miRNA expression profile. Indeed, several independent miRNA profiling studies reported significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls. Despite the lack of a consistent expression pattern on individual dysregulated miRNAs in SLE among these studies, the aberrant expression of distinct groups of miRNAs causes overlapping functional outcomes including perturbed type I interferon signalling cascade, DNA hypomethylation and hyperactivation of T and B cells. The impact of specific miRNA-mediated regulation on function of major immune cells in lupus is also discussed. Although research on the clinical application of miRNAs is still immature, through an integrated approach with advances in next generation sequencing, novel tools in bioinformatics database analysis and new in vitro and in vivo models for functional evaluation, the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of miRNAs may bring to fruition in the future.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.205-215
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• 2004

In the early host defense system, effector function of natural killer (NK) cells results in natural killing against target cells such as microbe-infected, malignant, and certain allogenic cells without prior stimulation. NK cell cytotoxicity is selectively regulated by homeostatic prevalence between a repertoire of both activating and inhibitory receptors, and the discrimination of untransformed cells is achieved by recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles through inhibitory signals. Although it is well known that the bipotential T/NK progenitors are derived from the common precusor, functional mechanisms in terms of the development of NK cells remain to be further investigated. NK cells are mainly involved in innate immunity, but recent studies have been reported that they also play a critical role in adaptive immune responses through interaction with dendritic cells (DC). This interaction will provide effector functions and development of NK cells, and elucidation of its precise mechanism may lead to therapeutic strategies for effective treatment of several immune diseases.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

Aging causes thymus involution, and genes in thymus play an important role in the development of the immune system. In this study, we compared genes expressed in thymus of neonatal and peripubertal rats using annealing control primers (ACPs)-based GeneFishing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and semiquantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We identified 10 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 20 ACPs. Of 10 DEGs, bystin-like, collagen type V alpha 1 (COL5A1), and T-cell receptor beta-chain segment 2 (TCRB2) that are related to immune-function were detected in rat thymus. Bystin-like and TCRB2 were up-regulated, while COL5A1 was down-regulated in peripubertal thymus. Semiquantitative RT-PCR confirmed postnatal changes in expression of bystin-like, COL5A1, and TCRB2. These results suggest that bystin-like, COL5A1, and TCRB2 could regulate immune function controlled in thymus as age increases.