• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.624-630
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• 2016

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who attended a Korean medicine hospital and treatment effects through retrospective chart reviews.Methods: The medical records of 192 outpatients who had been diagnosed with COPD and visited the Allergy, Immune, and Respiratory System Department of Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital from 1 February 2006 to 1 February, 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The study group consisted of 112 and 80 females. The median age of the patients was 59.80±15.46 y. Fifty of the patients had been diagnosed with chronic upper respiratory diseases, such as chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, or sinusitis. The chief complaints were cough (n=136), sputum (n=124), and dyspnea (n=82). Other frequent symptoms were fatigue (n=11), hyperhidrosis (n=8), and a bad taste in the mouth (n=7). All the patients were prescribed Korean herbal medicine. In the study, 61 (31.77%) patients were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, or herbal steam therapy. Symptoms improved in 126 (65.63%) patients 141±272.82 d after the first treatment.Conclusions: Some of the COPD patients had chronic upper respiratory disease. The chief complains were cough, sputum, and dyspnea. Oher frequent symptoms related to body malfunction and pain. The symptoms improved in 126 (65.63%) patients 141.00±272.82 d post-treatment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.375-384
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• 2021

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients who attended a Korean medicine hospital and the treatment effects through retrospective chart reviews. Methods: The medical records of 82 outpatients who had been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and visited the Allergy, Immune, and Respiratory System Department of Kyung Hee Korean Medicine Hospital from 8 January 2015 to 8 January 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. To assess the treatment outcomes, we used the FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), DLCO (Diffusing capacity of the Lung for CO), 6-minute walk test, and HRCT (High Resolution Computed Tomography). Results: The study group consisted of 28 females and 54 males. The median age of the patients was 67.98±11.44 years. The chief complaints were cough (n=51) and dyspnea (n=49). Other frequent symptoms were general weakness (n=8), weight loss (n=4), and a fever (n=2). A total of 77 (93.90%) patients were prescribed Korean herbal medicine, and 52 (63.41%) patients were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, ICT, or pharmacopuncture. After treatments, FVC, DLCO, the 6-minute walk test, and HRCT were maintained or worsened slightly. Conclusions: This study presented the characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients treated by Korean medical therapies, and further studies of Korean medical treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients would be valuable.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.366-386
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• 2023

Objective: In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for doctors and patients to obtain basic data necessary for the development of an integrated medical system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: Questionnaires were developed separately for doctors and patients through an expert group meeting. The survey subjects were recruited online and offline, and finally, responses from 231 doctors and 59 patients were used for statistical analysis. Results: The most important parts in the treatment of IPF for both doctors and patients were the "improvement of respiratory symptoms," "improvement of quality of life," and "prevention of disease progression." Antifibrotic agents were prescribed at a high rate, and 100% of the specialists in Western medicine (WM) and 45.8% of patients reported experiencing side effects. As for the additional payment costs that patients considered as affordable for an integrated medical system, "under 50,000 won (about 38$)" was reported the most in both doctor and patient groups. With regard to the reasons for their reluctance to recommend an integrated medical system for IPF, specialists in WM responded highly to "uncertain evidence for treatment effectiveness." Regarding complementary and alternative medicine therapies that can be beneficial in patients with IPF, "lifestyle management," "diet management," "herb," "relaxation therapy," and "psychotherapy" were ranked high in both doctor and patient groups. Conclusions: In this study, a questionnaire survey on IPF was conducted to review actual treatment status, analyze shortcomings, and identify considerations for the development of an integrated medical system for IPF in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2002

Methods for automatic tuning of PID controllers have been on of the results of the active research on control. The proposed controller also is auto-tuning of PID controller The proposed immune algorithm has an uncomplicated structure and memory-cell mechanism as the optimization algorithm which imitates the principle of humoral immune response. We use the proposed algorithm to solve optimization of PID controller parameters. Up to now, the applications of immune algorithm have been optimization problems with non-varying system parameters. Therefore the usefulness of memory-cell mechanism in immune algorithm is without. And research of memory-cell mechanism does not give us entire satisfaction. This paper proposes the immune algorithm using a memory-cell mechanism which can be the application of system with nonlinear varying parameters. To verify performance of the proposed immune algorithm, the speed control of nonlinear DC motor are performed. The results of Computer simulations represent that the proposed immune algorithm shows a fast convergence speed and a good control performances under the varying system parameters.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 1992

This paper provides an overview of system analysis of immunology. The theoretical research in this area is aimed at an understanding of the precise manner by which the immune system controls Infec pious diseases, cancer, and AIDS. This can provide a systematic plan for immunological experimentation by means of an integrated program of immune system analysis, mathematical modeling and computer simulation. Biochemical reactions and cellular fission are naturally modeled as nonlinear dynamical processes to synthesize the human immune system! as well as the complete organism it is intended to protect. A foundation for the control of tumors is presented, based upon the formulation of a realistic, knowledge based mathematical model of the interaction between tumor cells and the immune system. Ordinary bilinear differential equations which are coupled by such nonlinear term as saturation are derived from the basic physical phenomena of cellular and molecular conservation. The parametric control variables relevant to the latest experimental data are also considered. The model consists of 12 states, each composed of first-order, nonlinear differential equations based on cellular kinetics and each of which can be modeled bilinearly. Finally, tumor control as an application of immunotherapy is analyzed from the basis established.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.236-239
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• 2002

Sunscreens have been advocated as an important means of preventing skin cancer. UV-induced immunosuppression is important for skin cancer development, yet the effectiveness of sunscreens in protecting the human immune system from UV radiation is unclear. The only currently accepted method of sunscreen rating is the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) based on prevention of erythema. We developed an in vivo non-invasive method for evaluating protection of the human immune system from UV radiation based on recall contact sensitivity to nickel, a common allergen. Using this system we showed that broad-spectrum sunscreens provide greater protection to the immune system than sunscreens which protect from UVB only. UVA was found to be immunosuppressive. We developed this technique to enable the study of solar simulated UV radiation dose responses and determined Immune Protection Factors (IPFs) for six commercially available sunscreens based on limits of protection from the dose response data. We found that the IPF did not correlate with the SPF and that protection from erythema therefore cannot be used to predict protection of the immune system. However, IPF was significantly correlated to the UVA protective capability of the sunscreens, indicating that sunscreen protection from UVA is important for prevention of immunosuppression. We recommend that sunscreens should be rated against their immune protective capability to provide a better indication of their ability to protect against skin cancer.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.40 no.8 s.399
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• pp.620-627
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• 2002

Oral health depends on the intergrity of the oral mucosa for prevention of the penetration of microbes and macromolecules that might be infectious, allergenic or antigenic. The intraoral immune systems include the tonsils, adenoids and nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissue, or NALT. Mucosal inductive sites of the gastrointestinal tract(Peyer's patches and the appendix) and solitary lymph nodes collectively compose the gut-associated lymphoreticualr tissue, or GALT system. Both NALT and GALT are inductive regions where foreign antigens derived from viruses, bacteria, yeast and other molecules are encountered. The integration of tissues in NALT and GALT as part of the mucosal immune system, is very important to keep the oral immune system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

In this paper, a method for optimal design of PID controller using the immune algorithm(IA) has been proposed to improve the stability of A.C.-D.C. power system. The process of this study is composed of formulation of basic controls on HVDC transmission system, mathematical model preparation for stability analysis, and supplementary signal control by an optimal PID controller using the IA. The dynamic property was verified through computer simulations regarding transient stability.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2021

The immune system is not fully developed in human neonates and infants; breastfeeding is important in this stage as the bioactive components of human breast milk are known to have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, and can therefore contribute to an infant's immunity against allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, the positive effect on the immune system by human colostrum and milk are reviewed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The immune system is generally divided into the innate and the adopted immune systems, both protecting the body from pathogens. Recently, allergies, a disease associated with an imbalanced immune system, have increased rapidly in developed countries. Prevailing symptoms of allergic diseases are eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and food allergy. Probiotic bacteria, mainly consisting of lactic acid bacteria, are used in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. The function of them is to stimulate the intestinal immune cells and form a complex signal network to activate other immune cells. Beneficial health effects of probiotics are based on the hygiene hypothesis, which suggests that sanitary environment is important for health, but limited exposure to environmental factors increases allergic diseases. An immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is demonstrated by controlled trial, animal model, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo designs. However, the immunoregulatory effect of probiotic bacteria is controversial because it depends on probiotic strains, a dose and a type of diseases. In this review, we discussed clinical evidences on immunoregulatory effects of probiotic bacteria.