• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.269-273
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• 2005

Five dibenzylbutyrolactones were isolated from a methanol extract of Arctii fructus (Arctium lappa L.) by bioassay-guided isolation, using the interleukin-l $\beta$ converting enzyme (caspase-l, ICE) production inhibitory assay in vitro. These compounds were spectroscopically identified as lappaol E (1), lappaol A (2), matairesinol (3), arctigenin (4), and arctiin (5). Among the compounds tested, arctigenin (4) showed the strongest inhibitory activity for ICE production in IL-$\beta$-induced proliferation of D 1 OS cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the arctigenin suppressed the expression of ICE protein in a dose-dependent manner. To estimate the biotransformation of Arctii fructus in vivo by human intestinal bacteria, we carried out an anaerobic incubation of the Arctii fructus extract with a human fecal suspension. From the HPLC analysis of metabolites, Arctiin (IC$_{50}$=74.2$\mu$g/ml), a major component of Arctii fructus, was transformed to aglycone, arctigenin (IC$_{50}$=12.5$\mu$g/ml), by human intestinal bacteria. The ICE production inhibitory activity of Arctii fructus would be much stronger in vivo than in vitro due to the biotransformation by human intestinal bacteria.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2023

항산화제로서 산화적 손상의 방지에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 glutathione (GSH)의 면역 조절에 대한 연구는 현재까지 제대로 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 우리는 환원형 GSH인 luthione^®이 RAW 264.7 세포에서 면역 강화 효과가 있는지를 조사하였다. 유세포 분석 및 면역 형광 실험의 결과에 의하면, luthione은 대조군 세포에 비해 대식세포의 대표적인 기능인 식세포 활성을 luthione 처리 농도 의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, cytokine array의 결과에 의하면, IL-5, IL-1β와 IL-27의 발현이 luthione이 처리된 세포에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 아울러 luthione에 의한 TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 생성 증가는 그들의 단백질 발현 증가를 통해 이루어졌으며, NO 및 PGE₂와 같은 면역 매개체 유리의 증가는 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 M1 대식세포 분화 마커인 CD86 발현의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 heatmap 분석을 통하여 SOCS1/3 매개 STAT/JAK 신호 전달 경로가 luthione에 의한 면역 조절 증가에 관여함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 우리의 결과는 luthione이 M1 macrophage polarization의 분자 조절자로 작용하여 면역 능력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.726-732
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• 2021

In this study, we evaluated the immune-enhancing activity of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 on immune suppression by cyclophosphamide (CP) in ICR mice. Animals were fed distilled water or 1×10⁹ colony-forming unit/kg B.W. 200655 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as a positive control for 14 days. An in vivo model of immunosuppression was induced using CP 150 and 100 mg/kg B.W. at 7 and 10 days, respectively. Body weight, spleen index, spleen weight, and gene expression were measured to estimate the immune-enhancing effects. The dead 200655 (D-200655) group showed an increased spleen weight compared to the sham control (SC) group. Similarly, the spleen index was significantly higher than that in the CP-treated group. The live 200655 (L-200655) group showed an increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in splenocytes. Also, the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression was upregulated in the L-200655 group compared to the CP-only (SC) group. The phosphorylation of ERK and MAPK was also upmodulated in the L-200655 group. These results indicate that L. plantarum 200655 ameliorated CP-induced immune suppression, suggesting that L. plantarum 200655 may have the potential to enhance the immune system.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1999

연구는 어류에 각종 생약재를 투여하였을 때 나타나는 방어 능력의 변화와 질병에 대한 예방 효과를 밝히고자 수행되었다. 실험의 내용은 인삼(Panax ginseng), 구기자(Lycium chinense), 하수오(Polygonum multiflorum), 오미자(Schizandra chinensis)의 첨가 사료를 나일틸라피아에 일정 기간 투여한 후 실험어의 성장, 비특이적 방어 능력 및 생리학적 기능에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 실험에 사용한 각종 생약재 중에서 체중의 증가는 구기자 3% 투여구가 가장 높게 나타났다. 보체의 살균 능력은 모든 실험구에서 살균력이 12주째에 증강되었고 보체의 용혈 능력도 모든 생약재 투여구에서 대조구 보다 높고 특히 인삼 2% 투여구에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 라이소자임의 용균능력과 신장의 부착 식세포 활성 산소 생성 능력은 구기자 3% 투여구가 가장 높았다. 그리고 나일틸라피아에 병원성을 지닌 Edwardsiella tarda 균주로 공격 실험한 결과 구기자 3% 투여구가 생존율이 85%로 가상 높았다. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, total protein, glucose, GOT, GPT와 같은 혈액의 생리학적 지표 성분을 분석한 결과 생약재를 첨가한 사료를 먹인 실험어는 대조구와 차이가 없으며 생리적 기능 면에서 나쁜 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 인삼, 구기자, 하수오, 오미자 등과 같은 생약재는 그 종류에 따라 나일틸라피아의 성장률, 각종 비특이적 면역력을 증강시키는 능력과 병원성 세균에 대한 저항력의 증강 효과에 차이가 있지만 장기간 투여하여도 생리 기능에 문제를 야기하지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 모든 실험 결과를 종합해 보면, 실험에 사용한 각종 생약재 중에서 구기자는 가장 경제적이며, 각종 면역 기능 증강 효과가 뛰어나므로 새로운 사료내 첨가물로서의 충분한 가치가 있으며, 양식 어가에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to test the effects of Daturae Flos(DF) and Daturae Semen(DS) on the cellular and humoral immune responses, and the functions of the cells involved in immunoinflammation. Both extracts decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase, and the decrease was greater in the mouse group which was treated with DS. Both extracts decreased the phagocytic activity as measured by assessing the number of the latex particle within the phagocyte after incubation of peritoneal macrophages with fluorochrome-labelled latex particle and decreased natural killer cell activity as measured by enumerating the viable YAC-1 cells after treatment of target cells with splenic natural killer cells. Both extracts also decreased the cell-mediated immunity in vivo as assessed by measuring the ear thickness after sensitization and challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene, however, had no effects on the humoral immune responses as measured by checking hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers after immunization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Extracts of Semen caused decrease in the number of rosette forming cells between the splenic cells and SRBC. The results of this study suggested that both Daturae extracts could depress the immunoinflammation by affecting the various cell types involved in inflammation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.715-723
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• 2023

Microbial biofilms are resilient, immune-evasive, often antibiotic-resistant health challenges, and increasingly the target for research into novel therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical enzyme and botanical blend (NEBB) on established biofilm. Five microbial strains with known implications in chronic human illnesses were tested: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans (coagulase-negative, penicillin-resistant), Borrelia burgdorferi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were allowed to form biofilm in vitro. Biofilm cultures were treated with NEBB containing enzymes targeted at lipids, proteins, and sugars, also containing the mucolytic compound N-acetyl cysteine, along with antimicrobial extracts from cranberry, berberine, rosemary, and peppermint. The post-treatment biofilm mass was evaluated by crystal-violet staining, and metabolic activity was measured using the MTT assay. Average biofilm mass and metabolic activity for NEBB-treated biofilms were compared to the average of untreated control cultures. Treatment of established biofilm with NEBB resulted in biofilm-disruption, involving significant reductions in biofilm mass and metabolic activity for Candida and both Staphylococcus species. For B. burgdorferi, we observed reduced biofilm mass, but the remaining residual biofilm showed a mild increase in metabolic activity, suggesting a shift from metabolically quiescent, treatment-resistant persister forms of B. burgdorferi to a more active form, potentially more recognizable by the host immune system. For P. aeruginosa, low doses of NEBB significantly reduced biofilm mass and metabolic activity while higher doses of NEBB increased biofilm mass and metabolic activity. The results suggest that targeted nutraceutical support may help disrupt biofilm communities, offering new facets for integrative combinational treatment strategies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

for 4 h, tumoricidal activity was significantly increased. However, NSRG had effects on tumoricidal activity of macrophages at low concentration (1 ug/ml), which was not related to the production of nitric oxide. The mitogen response of lymphocytes to LPS and ConA in the spleen did not show significant differences between the control and NSRG-treated cells, whereas LPS-induced blastogenesis was slightly increased at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on innate immune response and could be useful as immunotherapy for cancer treatment.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.61-84
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Kami boatang(KBT) on the immune cells in Balb/c mice. KBT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days. KBT enhanced the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes. KBT enhanced the subpopulation of helper T(Th) cells, but did not affect the subpopulation of Thyl/B220 cells and Th/Tc cells in splenocytes. KBT enhanced the production of ${\gamma}$-interferon and interleukin-2 in thymocytes, but decreased the production of interleukin-4. KBT enhanced the production of ${\gamma}$-interferon, interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in splenocytes and serum. KBT suppressed the production of nitric oxide, and enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that KBT has a potent activity on the immune response via the increase of the production of cytokines and phagocytic activity in vivo.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

Antitumor effect of LC43, a protein-bound ploysaccharide (M.W. 43 kDa) that was purified from intergeneric protoplast fusant of Lentinus edodes and Coriolus versicolor, was elucidated against mouse sarcoma 180 cell in vitro and in vivo. By injecting LC43 into ICR mice bearing solid or ascitic sarcoma 180, tumor regression and survival rates were investigated. To examine the effects of LC43 on immunopotentiation activity. immunoorgan weight, B cell differentiation, T cell activity and macrophage activation were determined. LC43 showed antitumor effects against both solid tumor and ascitic tumor of sarcoma 180. It did not change significantly the immunoorgan weight but potentiated immune responses such as B cell differentiation and the release of superoxide anion from macrophages. These results suggest that the protein-bound polysaccharide of LC43 exhibited antitumor activities through the activation of immune-related cells and acted as an immunmodulator.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Kamibojoongikkitang (KBT) on the immune cells in C57BL/6 mice. Methods : KBT (500mg/kg) was administerd p.o. once a day for 7 days. Results : KBT decreased the cell viability of thymocytes in vivo and in vitro system and decreased the cell viability of splenocytes in vivo, but increased the viability of splenocytes in vitro system. In addition, KBT did not affect the population of helper T (Th) cells and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in thymocytes and decreased the population of T- and B-lymphocytes and the population of Th and Tc cells in splenocytes. Furthermore, KBT did not affect the production of ${\gamma}%-interferon and interleukin-4 in splenocytes. KBT increased the production of nitric oxide in vivo but decreased the production of nitric oxide in vitro system. KBT enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vivo, but decreased the phagocytic activity in vitro. Conclusion : KBT has an inhibitory action on the specific immune response via decrease of the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes and has a potent action on the non-specific immunity via increase of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages.