• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.127-136
• /
• 2008

Caspase-11 has been known as a dual regulator of cytokine maturation and apoptosis. Although the role of caspase-11 under pathological conditions has been well documented, its physiological role has not been studied much. In the present study, we investigated a possible physiological function of caspase-11 during immune response. In the absence of caspase-11, immunized spleen displayed increased cellularity and abnormal germinal center structure with disrupted microarchitecture. The rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the immunized spleen was not changed in the caspase-11-deficient mice. Furthermore, the caspase-11-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed normal phagocytotic activity. However, caspase-11-/-splenocytes and macrophages showed defective migrating capacity. The dysregulation of cell migration did not seem to be mediated by caspase-3, interleukin-$1{\alpha}$ or interleukin-$1{\beta}$ which acts downstream of caspase-11. These results suggest that a direct regulation of immune cell migration by caspase-11 is critical for the formation of germinal center microarchitecture during immune response. However, humoral immunity in the caspase-11-deficient mice was normal, suggesting the formation of germinal center structure is not essential for the affinity maturation of the antibodies.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.38.1-38.14
• /
• 2023

Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that provide defense against invading pathogens through phagocytosis, degranulation, generation of ROS, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although long been considered as short-lived effector cells with limited biosynthetic activity, recent studies have revealed that neutrophils actively communicate with other immune cells. Neutrophils employ various types of soluble mediators, including granules, cytokines, and chemokines, for crosstalk with immune cells. Additionally, ROS and NETs, major arsenals of neutrophils, are utilized for intercellular communication. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles play a crucial role as mediators of neutrophil crosstalk. In this review, we highlight the extracellular mechanisms of neutrophils and their roles in crosstalk with other cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제32권7호
• /
• pp.781-786
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on radical scavenger activity and immune responses in female judo athletes(n=18). The age and sex matched sedentary students were used as controls(n=15). The initial plasma vitamin E concentration, lipid peroxide level and radical scavenger activity (RSA) were not different between two groups. The supplementation of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate(400IU/d) for 4 weeks significantly increased plasma vitamin E concentration of the subjects in both groups. In addition, the decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)(p<0.05) and enhancement of RSA(p<0.05) were observed in both groups. Percentages of total T-cells in the athletic group was lower than that in the control group(p<0.05). However, the ratio of CD4 / CD8(helper T-cal $l^pressor T-cell) was higher in the sports group, due to more decrease in CD8 subset than in CD4 subset. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the sports group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05). Therefore, severe training of the athletic group seems to be associated with the changes of supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation (400IU/d, 4 weeks) of the female university students improved antioxidative activities of the blood, by decreasing lipid peroxide and enhancing radical scavenger activity. Percentages of T lymphocytes and IgG and IgM concentrations in the athletic group were lower than those in the control group. Meanwhile, vitamin E supplementation had no effects on immune status in both groups.ps.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.202-206
• /
• 2003

To determine the effect of immunopotentiating activity of cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, the immune function was analyzed in vitro using mice cells. When stimulated with mitogens, productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 were enhanced in spleen cells treated with cellular components, with IL-4 production being the highest in spleen cells treated with cytoplasm fraction. Without mitogen stimulation, the productions of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and IL-12 were the highest in spleen cells treated with heat-killed whole cell. $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 productions were also high in spleen cells treated with all cellular components. Only heat-killed whole cell showed significant enhancement in natural killer cell activity. In peritoneal exudates cells, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was enhanced significantly by all cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis These results indicate that the cellular components of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis are capable of stimulating immune cells to produce cytokines, and that both their cell walls and cytoplasm fraction contribute to these capacities.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 2004

To investigated the effects of Kwibi-tang water extract (KBT) on the non-specific immune response in C57BL/6 mice stressed by immobilization, we evaluated the changes in the contents of serum histamine and corticosterone and the phagocytic activity of macrophages. The level of serum histamine and corticosterone was determined with spectrofluorometer. The cell viability was determined by a MTT assay method. The subpolpulation of lymphocytes was determined by a flow cytometry. The phagocytic activity was determined with luminometer. KBT decreased the serum level of histamine and corticosterone increased by immobilization stress. Also, KBT enhanced the phagocytic activity and decreased the level of nitric oxde in murine peritoneal macrophages decreased by immobilization stress. These results indicate that KBT may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via suppression of serum histamine and corticosterone level and enhancement of the non-specific immune response.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2005

In the present paper, the immunostimulatory effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) were examined. Eel were innoculated with mistletoe, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control into their peritoneal cavities. The number of nitrobule tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells in the head kidney of fish was significantly increased by the second day post-injection of mistletoe. ROI products were more enhanced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney leucocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 2 days after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. The appropriate concentration of mistletoe to induce the highest level of serum lysozyme activity was revealed to 1000${\mu}g$/200 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assay, mistletoe-sensitized eel kidney phagocytes captured more zymosan than did the control fish. Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of Japanese eel.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.323-329
• /
• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.418-425
• /
• 2014

Extracellular hypotonic stress can affect cellular function. Whether and how hypotonicity affects immune cell function remains to be elucidated. Macrophages are immune cells that play key roles in adaptive and innate in immune reactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of hypotonic stress in the function of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Hypotonic stress increased endocytic activity in BMDMs, but there was no significant change in the expression of CD80, CD86, and MHC class II molecules, nor in the secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ or IL-10 by BMDMs. Furthermore, the enhanced endocytic activity of BMDMs triggered by hypotonic stress was significantly inhibited by chloride channel-3 (ClC-3) siRNA. Our findings suggest that hypotonic stress can induce endocytosis in BMDMs and that ClC-3 plays a central role in the endocytic process.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2014

The present study investigated the effects of dietary Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) specific bacteriophage (phage) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) mixture on innate immune responses and antibacterial activity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In a dietary experiment, tilapia were fed the control diet (C), a phage-only supplemented diet (P), a B. subtilis only supplemented diet (B), or a B. subtilis and phage mixed diet (B+P). A respiratory burst and significant increase in lysozyme activity (P<0.05) were noted in the B+P group, as compared to other groups after 4 days of feeding. The B group showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in respiratory burst and lysozyme activity versus the C and P groups, whereas no significant increases (P<0.05) were observed in the P and C groups. $ACH_{50}$ was significantly up-regulated in the B+P group versus other groups after 8 days of feeding (P<0.05). In vivo antibacterial activity was significantly enhanced in the B+P fed group, as compared to other groups (P<0.05) after 7 days of E. tarda challenge. A significant (P<0.05) increase in antibacterial activity was seen in the B group, as compared to C or P groups after 14 days of feeding. These results suggest that a B. subtilis and phage mixture could be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics in the control of fish diseases caused by E. tarda.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.33-34
• /
• 2004

기초사료, 미역제품 사료와 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 사료를 육계병아리에 각각 급여하여 8. 10 및 12일령에 LPS를 주입하여 타고난 면역반응을 활성화하였다. 미역제품 사료와 타고난 면역반응 활성화는 적혈구 세포액의 MnSOD 활성을 낮추었다. CuZnSOD 활성은 타고난 면역에 의해 상승하였다. 타고난 면역이 활성화된 병아리에서 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 사료는 혈장 총 SOD 활성을 유의하게 낮추었다. 타고난 면역반응은 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 사료에서 과산화물 농도를 유의하게 높였고, 과산화물분해효소 활성은 콩 추출 함유 미역제품 사료를 급여한 육계병아리에서 유의하게 낮았다. 타고난 면역반응은 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 사료에서 TNF-a 농도를 유의하게 낮추고, 오보트랜스페린의 농도를 높였다. 이상과 같이 콩 추출물 함유 미역제품 사료는 혈액 항산화계와 급성기 반응시의 TNF-a 농도와 오보트랜스페린 농도를 동시에 변화시켰다.