• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.687-691
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• 2003

Whole-cell immobilization of the hydrocarbon rich microalgae, Botryococcus braunii and B. protuberans, in alginate beads under air-lift batch cultures resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll, carotenoid, dry weight, and 1ipid contents at stationary and resting growth phases, as compared to free cells. Photosynthetic activity in both the species, of Botryococcus was enhanced, relative to free cells, at any growth phase of cultures. Immobilization exerted a protective influence on ageing of the cultures as reflected by higher chlorophyll and dry weight contents. Entrapment also stabilized the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents even at stationary and resting phases as compared to free cells in both the species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.17-17
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• 2003

Enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis are present in the highest concentration in the adrenal medulla, however they were found also in other, mainly nervous tissues. Increased transcription of genes for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes is an important mechanism to increase the capacity for epineprine/norepinephrine biosynthesis with stress. Gastrodia elata(Chinese name: Tienma), are very important Chinese herbal medicines used for the medical treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis and other neuralgic and nervous disorders. Immobilize stressed rat markedly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and dopamine-${\beta}$-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA transcriptior level more than control group. But treated Gastrodia elata extracts in immobilized stressed rat slightly increased TH mRNA and DBH mRNA transcription level more than normal group. In addition, we are obtained identical results in PC12 cell line. Decrease of transcription level of TH mRNA and DBH mRNA is indicating that Gastrodia elata have a anti-stress effects which decrease the transcription level of TH and DBH mRNA on catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1333-1338
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• 2012

In order to measure the minute amount of Cu(II) in our environment, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) were performed for a trace copper assay using bismuth immobilized on a carbon nanotube paste electrode. An analytical working range of 30 to $240{\mu}g/L$ Cu(II) was obtained for CV and SWSV. The SWSV precision obtained was 0.47 % (n = 15) RSD in $30.0{\mu}g/L$ Cu(II). The detection limit obtained was 3.1 ng/L Cu(II) using SWSV, while the CV yielded the nano-range detection limit through the pre-concentration step. By using this research method, Cu(II) value could be determined in the urine of human sample and in the brain of fish sample. This research can be effectively applied to other cases of measuring minute amount of Cu(II) in living organisms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

Chitosan-alginate capsules were formed by electrostatic interactions and exhibited an appropriate mechanical strength, permeability, and stability for the culture of hepatocytes. Pig hepatocytes were isolated and hepatocyte spheroids formed and immobilized in chitosan-alginate capsules. An encapsulation procedure of 3 min and spheroid formation period of 24 h were the optimum conditions for the best liver functions. Pig hepatocytes with a cell density of $6.0{\tomes}10^6$ cells/ml in the capsules were found to be most suitable for application in a bioartificial liver support system. The encapsulated pig hepatocyte spheroids exhibited stable ammonia removal and urea secretion rates in a bioreactor for 2 weeks. Accordingly, chitosan-alginate encapsulated hepatocyte spheroids in a packed-bed bioreactor would appear to have potential as a bioartificial liver.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.663-668
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• 2014

An in-vivo diagnosis of trace Mg(II) ion was performed using a low-cost and environment-friendly voltammetric method, using a graphite counter and reference electrodes and a fluorine-immobilized graphite working electrode, and clean deep seawater was used as an electrolyte solution. Under optimum conditions, the analytical working ranges attained microgram ranges, and a detection limit of $80.6ugL^{-1}$ was obtained using stripping voltammety with 60 sec accumulation time. Ex-vivo application was performed on fish liver and mice droppings. The developed techniques can be applicable to tumor cell analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.193-196
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• 2004

The peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) was immobilized through their amino terminus to ends of a sugar bearing copolymer, producing a functional hybrid copolymer. Poly(N-p-vinylbenzyl-D-maltonamide-co-6-(p-vinylbenzamido)-hexanoic acid-g-GRGDS) [p(VMA-co-VBGRGDS)] promoted the attachment and growth of NIH fibroblast cells. The interaction between fibroblast cells and p(VMA-co- VBGRGDS) copolymer resulted in effective cell attachment, proliferation, and morphological changes by introduction of a GRGDS sequence. Moreover, when pretreated with soluble RGD monomer, attachment of fibroblast cells was suppressed approximately 50% from that of the p(VMA-co-VBGRGDS) surface.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2003

In the course of our studies for new anticancer medicinal plants, we evaluated the effects of an alcohol-water (1:1, V/V) extract of Dendrostellera lesserii (Thymelaeaceae) leaves on the growth rates of breast tumors of rats. The breast tumors were induced in a group of rats by Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) injection. Our data showed that daily oral feeding of the crude extract to the rats, for 20 consecutive weeks, significantly repressed the growth rates of the breast tumors. In addition, the probable effect of D. lessertii crude extract or one of its purified active components on metastasis was evaluated using wehi-164 cells. Treatment of the cells with a single nontoxic dose of the purified active component for 48 hours inhibited the adhesion of the cells to the immobilized fibronectin molecules by almost 80% compared to the untreated control cells.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 1996

Packed bed reactor containing immobilized microorganisms which degraded phenol without growth was used to remove phenol from the synthetic wastewater. The effects of temperature, retention time(reactor volume/flow rate) and phenol concentration on the removal efficiency of phenol were investigated. The effect of temperature in the range of 20-30$\circ $C was negligible while retention time and phenol concentration influenced the removal of phenol significantly. When retention time was in the range of 1-1.5 hour, the removal efficiency of phenol was affected not by phenol concentration but by retention time itself while it was influenced by phenol concentration above 1.5 hour of retention time. The beads after 720 hours operation were swelled by 40 % in diameter which could be prevented by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde at the expense of cell activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.384-387
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• 2004

The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a novel method for cell immobilization. Aureobasidium pullulans cells were mixed with an alginate solution, and the mixture was extruded to form small gel beads as hydrated- immobilized cells. The beads were then placed at $-15^{\circ}C$ for 6-24 h to induce freeze-dehydration. The freeze-dehydration resulted in shrinkage of beads due to water removal reducing bead volume by 82% and bead weight by 85%. The dehydrated beads were successfully used for the production of fructo-oligosaccharides in a model reactor system. This study showed that bioreactor performance can be improved up to 2 times by the use of the dehydrated beads.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

Enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis are present in the highest concentration in the adrenal medulla, however they were found also in other, mainly nervous tissues. Increased transcription of genes for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes is an important mechanism to increase the capacity for epineprine/norepinephrine biosynthesis with stress. Gastrodia elata(Chinese name: Tienma), are very important Chinese herbal medicines used for the medical treatment of headaches, migraine, dizziness, epilepsy, rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis and other neuralgic and nervous disorders. Immobilize stressed rat markedly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and dopamine-$\beta$-hydroxylase (DBH) mRNA transcription level more than control group. But treated Gastrodia elata extracts in immobilized stressed rat slightly increased TH mRNA and DBH mRNA transcription level more than normal group. In addition, we are obtained identical results in PC12 cell line. Decrease of transcription level of TH mRNA and DBH mRNA is indicating that Gastrodia elata have a anti-stress effects which decrease the transcription level of TH and DBH mRNA on catecholamine biosynthesis pathway.