• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2008

A rapid, inexpensive enzymatic method is proposed for indirect water quality testing in terms of heavy metal toxicity. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was applied for heavy metal toxicity test as an effective criterion in water quality. The toxicity of Pb (lead) and Cd (cadmium) for water flea, Moina macrocopa, were evaluated for $2{\sim}8\;days$ with variables of mobilization ability. And the reproduction impairment of Moina macrocopa were investigated as the parameter of chronic toxicity twst for Pb and Cd. As a result, the $EC_{50}$ for immobilization of Moina macrocopa were Pb and Cd were 1.6749 and 0.4683, respectively. The values of reproducive impairment to Moina macrocopa for Pb and Cd were 9.5938 and 8.3264 in $EC_{50}$. A significant alteration of G6PDH (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activity of Moina macrocopa was observed when Cd and Pb were treated in media. The results obtained indicate that G6PDH activity of Moina macrocopa can be used as an indicative parameter in aquatic toxicity tests for heavy metals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.1434-1444
• /
• 2013

We established a two-step production process using immobilized S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis yeast to produce ethanol from seaweed (U. pertusa Kjellman) hydrolysate. The process was designed to completely consume both glucose and xylose. In particular, the yeasts were immobilized using DEAE-corncob and DEAE-cotton, respectively. The first step of the process included a continuous column reactor using immobilized S. cerevisiae, and the second step included a repeated-batch reactor using immobilized P. stipitis. It was verified that the glucose and xylose in 20 L of medium containing the U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate was converted completely to about 5.0 g/l ethanol through the two-step process, in which the overall ethanol yield from total reducing sugar was 0.37 and the volumetric ethanol productivity was 0.126 g/l/h. The volumetric ethanol productivity of the two-step process was about 2.7 times greater than that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production from U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate. In addition, the overall ethanol yield from glucose and xylose was superior to that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production. This two-step process will not only contribute to the development of an integrated process for ethanol production from glucose-and xylose-containing biomass hydrolysates, but could also be used as an alternative method for ethanol production.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.278-299
• /
• 1998

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effect of danchisoyosan on the rats stressed by immobilization. The experimental animals were immobilized in the stress box($5{\times}5{\times}20cm$) for 12 hours in a day during 3 days, and administered $500mg/5m{\ell}/g$ of Danchisoyosan extract for 14 days before stress. There were measured the change of body weight and organ weight under immobilized-stress. The norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonine contents were measured by HPLC method in rat brain. There were measured the GOT, GPT contents in serum and tissue lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, spleen, adrenalgland, pancreas, testes, thymus, heart. The following results were obtained: 1. The change of organ weight was significantly lower in control than normal group. Sample group inhibited decreased weight from stress comparing to control group. 2. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 3. Lipid peroxidation in the kidney was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 4. GPT contents in serum was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample up shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 5. Dopamine contents in the brain was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 6. Serotonine contents in the brain was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
• /
• pp.586-591
• /
• 2001

This research investigated the feasibility of the accelerated carbonation of cement waste forms with carbon dioxide in a supercritical state. Hydraulic cement has been used as a main solidification matrix for the immobilization of radioactive and/or hazardous wastes. As a result of the hydration reaction for major compounds of portland cement, portlandite (Ca(OH)$_2$) is present in the hydrated cement waste form. The chemical durability of a cement form is expected to increase by converting portlandite to the less soluble calcite (CaCO$_3$). For a faster reaction of portlandite with carbon dioxide, SCCD (supercritical carbon dioxide) rather than gaseous $CO_2$, in ambient pressure is used. The cement forms fabricated with an addition of slated lime or Na-bentonite were cured under ambient conditions for 28days and then treated with SCCD in an autoclave maintained at 34$^{\circ}C$ and 80atm. After SCCD treatment, the physicochemical properties of cement matrices were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of accelerated carbonation reaction. Conversion of parts of portlandite to calcite by the carbonation reaction with SCCD was verified by XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis and the composition of portlandite and calcite was estimated using thermogravimetric (TG) data. After SCCD treatment, tile cement density slightly increased by about 1.5% regardless of the SCCD treatment time. The leaching behavior of cement, tested in accordance with an ISO leach test method at 7$0^{\circ}C$ for over 300 days, showed a proportional relationship to the square root of the leaching time, so the major leaching mechanism of cement matrix was diffusion controlled. The cumulative fraction leached (CFL) of calcium decreased by more than 50% after SCCD treatment. It might be concluded that the enhancement of the characteristics of a cement matrix by an accelerated carbonation reaction with SCCD is possible to some extent.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권11호
• /
• pp.937-942
• /
• 1993

Immobilon-AV Affinity membrane에 L-glutamate dehydrogenase를 고정하여 유리질 탄소전극에 부착시킨 전극을 사용하여 암모니아를 전류법으로 정량하였다. 이때 환원형의 NADH가 $NAD^+$로 산화될 때 전류를 +1.0 volt vs. Ag/AgCl에서 측정하였다. 효소 고정화된 membrane을 부착시킨 전극의 감응 특성은 다음과 같다. 곧 직선 감응 농도 범위는 $4.0\;{\times}\;10^{-5}\;{\sim}\;4.0\;{\times}\;10^{-4}$ M이었으며, 정량한계는 2.0 ${\times}\;10^{-6}$ M이었다. 또한 감응 시간은 2분이었으며 효소 고정화된 막의 최적 pH와 수명은 각각 pH 7.3∼7.6 (Dulbecco's buffer 용액)과 25일이었다. 그리고 다른 생리활성 물질의 방해는 없었다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2011

Treatment of the mandibular fracture consists of reduction and fixation. Primary wire & Arch bar are perhaps the ideal method for intermaxillary fixation. But, daily feeding, swallowing, speech, and in some instances, respiration is difficult to maintain during the period of intermaxillary fixation, owing to muscle weakness, emotional disorder and poor oral hygiene in a position of the long-term bed disabled patient with multiple injuries. Therefore, Intermaxillary fixation is not applied in the disabled bed patient, the alternative methods must be obtained. In the case of the mandibular fracture, because of the absence of weight bearing, osseous union may eventually occur even without immobilization if the patient is maintained without wound infection on a controlled soft diet. For the purpose of the prevention of the wound infection, the establishment of an drainage on the oral lacerated wound is necessary for the removal of the hematoma & seroma in the fracture site. This is the report of a case that was managed conservatively without the intermaxillary fixation in the long-term disabled bed patient with a mandibular compound fracture.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2016

본 논문은 이륜차의 근원적인 도난방지를 위한 기존의 탈착방식의 기구적 열쇄방식을 개선하고 NFC(Near Field Communication) 접목하여 사용자 인증 및 개인화 서비스를 위한 이륜차 이동제한 및 정보 보안 시스템 개발 연구로서 모터사이클 운전자 편의성 및 보안성 요구 증대에 따른 근거리 무선통신 기술을 융합한 브레이크 장치의 이동제한 방법을 제시하였다. 제안 방법의 기본적인 원리 및 보안인증에 따른 이동장치의 구성 및 동작원리 등을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 모터사이클용 이동제한 및 정보 보안 시스템의 연동으로 원격에서 락/언락 기능을 수행하기 위한 솔레노이드 밸브 장착방법을 설계하였다. 사용자 휴대단말기의 인증으로 이동제한장치 해제를 위한 NFC 보안인증 방법을 설명하고 정지 상태에 자동 또는 수동으로 모터사이클 브레이크 유압흐름 제어하는 방법과 실험단계의 기구적 제작 결과를 제시하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권11호
• /
• pp.2037-2043
• /
• 2017

The surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) mediates the attachment of influenza virus to host cells containing sialic acid and thus facilitates viral infection. Therefore, HA is considered as a good target for the development of diagnostic tools for influenza virus. Previously, we reported the isolation of single-stranded aptamers that can distinguish influenza subtype H1 from H5. In this study, we describe a method for the selective electrical detection of H1 using the isolated aptamer as a molecular probe. After immobilization of the aptamer on Si wafer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the immobilized aptamer bound specifically to the H1 subtype but not to the H5 subtype. Assessment by cyclic voltammetry (CV) also demonstrated that the immobilized aptamer on the indium thin oxide-coated surface was specifically bound to the H1 subtype only, which was consistent with the ELISA and FE-SEM results. Further measurement of CV using various amounts of H1 subtype provided the detection limit of the immobilized aptamer, which showed that a nanomolar scale of target protein was sufficient to produce the signal. These results indicated that the selected aptamer can be an effective probe for distinguishing the subtypes of influenza viruses by monitoring current changes.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study fracture. Materials and Methods: The clinical and radiological analysis were performed on 19 cases of the talus neck fractures who had been treated with conservative treatment or variable methods of operative treatment. Each cases followed up more than 1 year and 6 months from May 1989 to June 2001. The clinical results were analyzed according to the age, cause of injury, fracture type of Hawkins classification, associated soft tissue injury, method of treatments, complications, and Hawkins scoring system. Results: According to Hawkins classification, type I was 6 cases(32%), type II was 5 cases(26%), typeIII was 7 cases(37%), and typeIV was 1 case(5%). In all cases, complete bony union was obtained. According to the Hawkins scoring system, 8 cases(42%) were excellent and good. Avascular necrosis was 4 cases(25%). Traumatic arthritis was 10 cases which were occurred in type II, III and IV. An ankle fusion was 1 case. Conclusion: In talar neck fractures, non-displaced fracture treated by the cast immobilization and displaced fracture treated by early open reduction and internal fixation were expected good results. The complications were 77% of traumatic arthritis and 31% of avascular necrosis in type II, III and IV. We should preoperatively explain to the patient for high complication rates of traumatic osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis in the talus neck fractures.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2016

A new immobilization technique of nanoscale $TiO_2$ powder to expanded polystyrene (EPS) balls with temperature-controlled melting method was developed, and the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ powder-embedded EPS balls were evaluated using methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet irradiation (${\lambda}=254nm$). Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and associated energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, the components of the intact EPS balls were mainly carbon and oxygen, whereas those of $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls were carbon, oxygen, and titanium, indicating that relatively homogenous patches of $TiO_2$ and glycerin film were coated on the surface of EPS balls. Based on the comparison of degradation efficiencies of MB between intact and $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls under UVC illumination, the degradation efficiencies of MB can be significantly improved using $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls, and surface reactions in heterogeneous photocatalysis were more dominant than photo-induced radical reactions in aqueous solutions. Thus, $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS balls were found to be an effective photocatalyst for photodegradation of organic compounds in aqueous solutions without further processes (i.e., separation, recycling, and regeneration of $TiO_2$ powder). Further study is in progress to evaluate the feasibility for usage of buoyant $TiO_2$-immobilized EPS to inhibit the excessive growth of algae in rivers and lakes.