• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.18-32
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the learning outcomes of immersive learning technologies in English language teaching (ELT). This study examined 12 articles, yielding a total of 20 effect sizes. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the overall effect size was 0.84, implying a large effect size. Additionally, the mean effect sizes of the dependent variables revealed a large effect size for both the cognitive and affective domains. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of moderator variables such as sample scale, technology type, tool type, work type, program type, duration (sessions), the degree of immersion, instructional technique, and augmented reality (AR) type. Among the moderators, the degree of immersion was found to be statistically significant. In conclusion, the study results suggested that immersive learning technologies had a positive impact on learning in ELT.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

3차원 몰입형 시뮬레이션이나 입체영상 기술이 개발되면서 경관을 표현하는 도구로 사용이 확산되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 가시환경과 투사방식의 차이에 따른 경관선호도 분석을 실시하여 가로경관 평가도구로써 곡면 스크린 방식의 몰입형 입체영상의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 연구를 위해 서울의 50m 폭원 강남대로를 선정하여 컴퓨터그래픽으로 시뮬레이션을 제작하였다. 시뮬레이션은 가시 환경과 투사방식을 달리하여 경관선호도를 설문조사하였다. 시뮬레이션의 가시환경은 몰입과 비몰입, 투사방식은 입체와 평면영상으로 구분하였다. 요인분석과 t-test 등의 통계분석을 거쳐 가시환경과 투사방식의 차이에 따른 경관특성을 비교하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 몰입이나 비몰입 환경에 따라 경관특성의 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 몰입형의 시뮬레이션을 이용하면 관찰자가 다양성 요인, 개방성 요인, 공간감 요인에 대해 평가하기가 비교적 용이하여 변별력이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 입체나 평면의 투사방식은 변별력을 보이고 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 경관평가를 위한 시뮬레이션의 제작 및 투사에 있어서 관찰자가 몰입을 할 수 있는 시야각까지 화면을 확장하여 몰입감을 높이는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 경관평가 도구로써의 몰입형 시뮬레이션의 효용성을 검토하기 위한 연구로 가로경관의 많은 요소들을 통제하게 됨으로써 변별력을 크게 갖지 못했다는 한계가 있다. 추후 가로폭원, 가로폭원 : 건물높이비 등 다양한 환경에 대해 입체영상에 대한 세밀한 비교 검증이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.571-575
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• 2002

해수의 염도와 온도를 현장에서 측정할 수 있는 침적식 온라인 굴절계를 제작하고 실제 해수와 유사한 2 % 내지 4 %의 염수를 사용하여 그 성능을 조사하였다. 굴절률과 온도를 동시에 측정함으로 온도보상을 신속하게 할 수 있어 염도의 직접측정을 가능하게 하였다. 각기 다른 농도의 염용액에서 측정된 염도의 결과로부터 본 실험의 장치는 안정성과 재현성을 모두 갖는 염도 측정이 가능함을 알았다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2010

In this article, we study ruled submanifolds with nonde-generate rulings in a Lorentzian space-time, which have finite type immersion. We give a condition for k-finite type submanifolds to be of finite type.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1993

This study is to analyze effect of exposure environment and mode of ASR on the engineering properties of synthetic lightweight aggregate concrete, such as dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results of this study are summarized as foflows ; 1. The expansion rate of each exposure environment in 380$^{\circ}$C and NaCI 4% solution was shown higher than in 20$^{\circ}$C and normal water. The expansion rate of each exposure mode was largely shown in order of fjill immersion, wetting/drying, half immersion. 2. The dynamic modulus of elasticty and ultrasonic pulse velocity of each exposure environment in 38$^{\circ}$C and NaCl 4% solution was shown less than in 20$^{\circ}$C and normal water. The dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity of each exposure mode was shown smaller in order of full immersion, wetting/drying, half imersion.3. The relation between dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity was highly significant. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was increased with increase of ultrasonic pulse velocity. The decreasing rate of the dynamic modulus of elasticity was shown 2.1~3.4 times higher than the ultrasonic pulse velocity at each age, exposure environment and mode, respectively. 4. The expansion of each exposure environment and mode was increased with increase of curing age. The dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity of those concrete was increased with increase of curing age. At the curing age 28 days, the highest properties was showed at each type concrete, it was gradually decreased with increase of curing age. Specially, at the curing age 98 days of full immersion, the rate of expansion of type D was shown 3.95 times higher than the type A. But the dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity was decreased 17% and 8.3%.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated planing forces of supercavitated bodies by using the supercavitation shape produced by the disk type cavitator. The cavity shapes are observed to find the immersion draft and planing angle when the stern of the supercavitated body is partially immersed in the water. To make the planing the angle-of-attack (AOA) of the supercavitated body is varied statically against the main flow and the planing tests are carried out for different body shapes that are changed systematically. The drag, lift and pitch moment acting on the body are measured to understand the relation between the planing force and the immersion draft of the supercavitated body. It is found that the planing force increased in general linearly with the immersion draft ratio and the planing angle is certainly not proportional to the immersion draft ratio.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1529-1538
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• 1995

In this study, a liquid sheet type co-axial nozzle has been used to investigate the turbulent atomization characteristics which could result in the experimental data to be used in designing a jet nozzle with high performance. Image processing technique and immersion sampling method were employed to measure droplet size. In atomizing characteristics, droplet size distributions and absolute droplet sizes, SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) have been investigated in the wide ranges of flow field depending upon the air-water mass ratios. And the comparisons between the present data and the semi-empirical curves have been conducted semi-empirical correlation for SMD has been derived in the present analysis.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2014

This study aims to examine the effects of message framing of restaurant menus on customers' perceptions (trust and immersion) and their willingness to pay a premium price. The contents of messages focused on a hypothetical restaurant's cause-marketing activity. Four types of message framing were created: The first two types were varied by the presence and absence of the information about the current cause-marketing outcome, and the second two types were varied by positive and negative framing. The results showed that respondents in general had trust in cause-marketing messages and immersion of cause-marketing message by negative framing lead to positive influence of willingness to pay. Furthermore it had a significant effect on willingness to pay depending on cause-marketing message type and negative message framed messages showed an intention to willingness to pay a premium price. This study compared the difference in messages by type as an extension of the studies of cause-marketing messages in the past. The results of this study will be used for establishing effective marketing strategies for today's foodservice companies and serve as objective data for setting differentiated prices under the circumstance where the importance of companies' social responsibilities is growing.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.508-513
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• 2001

Recently, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) has been increasingly used as additive for concrete. Many researchers reported that concrete using GGBFS had a better resistance under severe environments, such as marine or sulfate-rich soils, than Portland type cement concrete. The aim, therefore, of this study is to evaluate on the effectiveness of concrete using GGBFS when the concrete exposes to sulfate-rich environment. The detailed items for experiments show 2 series consisted of sulfate immersion test with mortar and sulfate diffusion test with concrete. The sulfate immersion test was performed for 400 days and contained reduction of compressive strength, length change and XRD analysis. For sulfate diffusion test, sulfate ions diffusivity was calculated on tile consideration of electrochemical theory by the diffusion cell test. As the results of this study, it was found that the concrete using GGBFS as additive was superior to portland type cement concrete. Consequently, the use of concrete with GGBFS for recycling may expect the durable and economical benefits.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2020

Since the typical horn-type ultrasonic equipment induces a reaction at the probe tip, the sonochemical reaction has a limitation that it occurs only in a specific area. As one of the ways to overcome this limitation, an ultrasonic device with multi-stepped horn equipped with several oscillators has been developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the sonochemical effects induced by acoustic cavitation system in 20 kHz multi-stepped ultrasonic horn using calorimetry, KI dosimetry and the luminol test. The sonochemical effects of multi-stepped ultrasonic horn were compared with that of the typical horn-type 20 kHz ultrasonic device. The effect of immersion depth and power on the sonochemical reaction was investigated in the ultrasonic system with multi-stepped ultrasonic horn. Higher calorimetric energy was obtained at higher immersion depth and power conditions. Sonochemical effects increased significantly when using the high immersion depth and input power. However, as the input power increased, the cavitation reaction zone concentrated around the ultrasonic horn. Additionally, the experiments to examine the effect of liquid temperature was conducted. The smaller sonochemical reaction was obtained for the higher liquid temperature. The effect on temperature seems to be closely related to liquid conditions such as viscosity and vapor pressure of water.