• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

Quantitative rise and This study carried out qualitative research by utilizing NVivo 10 focusing on the contents of mass media such as newspaper or internet on the presidential security service up to the Park Geun-hye government from the 3rd Republic of Korea, which was established the presidential security service. The aim is to present opinion so that the presidential security organization can strengthen capability and function within the governmental organization down the road based on the contents of categories, which were elicited through this. First, there is a need of solidifying the internal stability with the expansion in the activity sphere of organization and of externally approaching the public with removing sense of difference caused by offering personal protection only to some of the privileged class in the meantime. Second, it is the foundation of a reason related to crime in a cause for Discharge by Authority pertinent to "law on security for president and others" in Article 10 in order to prevent a criminal act of having abused the task characteristic and the position superiority or an external pressure act related to intervention in rights. Third, there is a need of making it recognized as very important organization with putting differentiation from other organizations of the government by providing the disciplinary level more strictly than "disciplinary order on public officials" based on particularity and importance dubbed presidential security service along with correspondingly applying "disciplinary order on public officials" in Article 31 in accordance with "enforcement ordinance of law on security for president and others" in terms of service negligence and false-information report in relation to task performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

In this paper, we took the basic experiment in order to explore the characteristics of optical CT(optical current transformer) for measuring high current in a superhigh voltage condition using faraday effect and wrote that. We used the 1,310[nm] Laser Diode for the source of light and PIN-Photodiode for receiver. The transmission line of light was composed of the single-mode fiber of 30[m] which could maintain the state of polarization in the optical fiber. The range of current was from 400[A] to 1300[A]. In addition, the temperature ranged from $20[^{\circ}C}]\;to\;50[^{\circ}C]$. In a same experiment condition, a power magnitude increases in proportion as input current is increasing and temperature become low. The maximum ratio of error in temperature of $50[^{\circ}C]$ appears 0.15[%] and the 0.16[%], 1.24[%] and 0.07[%] is ratio of error in respectively $40[^{\circ}C],\;30[^{\circ}C],\;and\;20[^{\circ}C]$.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 1994

This is a study of decrease in both stump pain and unidentified complaints after removal of neuroma on an amputated left thigh. The patient was a 44 year old woman who received an operation after a motorcycle accident 20th of March, 1991. She started a rehabilitation program in early June of the same year. How ever the patient complained of a squeezing pain on the amputated area. This symptom became more severe after the removal of the nails in September. The pain was perceived as a mental problem and the patient was released from the previous hospital. The pain continued and on the 9th of March, 1992, the patient was introduced to our pain clinic. The patient complained about the cold sensation and pressure pain of the amputated area at the beginning. Later she also expressed various unidentified complaints. No improvement resulted after conducting an epidural block and a lumbar sympathetic ganglion block. MMPI test showed psychological instability. Local injection showed some positive effects, which led to considerations concerning the possibility of neuroma. After confirming the existence of neuroma through CT and MRI, neuromectomy was performed. After the removal of neuroma, the unidentified complaints as well as the stump pain decreased.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.26.4-27
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• 2010

The main payload of STSAT-3 (Science and Technology Satellite 3), MIRIS (Multipurpose InfraRed Imaging System) is the first Korean infrared space mission to explore the near-infrared sky with a small astronomical instrument, which is being developed by KASI. The 8-cm passively cooled telescope with a wide field of view (3.67 deg. $\times$ 3.67 deg.) will be operated in the wavelength range from 0.9 to $2{\mu}m$. It will carry out wide field imaging and the emission line survey. The main purposes of MIRIS are to perform the Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) observation at two wide spectral bands (I and H band) and to survey the Galactic plane at $1.88{\mu}m$ wavelength, the Paschen-$\alpha$ emission line. CIB observation enables us to reveal the nature of degreescale CIB fluctuation detected by the IRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) mission and to measure the absolute CIB level. The Pashen-$\alpha$ emission line survey of Galactic plane helps us to understand the origin of Warm Ionized Medium (WIM) and to find the physical properties of interstellar turbulence related to star formation. Here, we also discuss the observation plan with MIRIS.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2009

PLGA microspheres have been known as an injectable system for tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to investigate the condition of emulsion formation and cell adhesion on the microsphere surface. BSA-loaded PLGA microsphere was fabricated by oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation method. Sodium alginate was dissolved in water phase to control initial burst release and to improve lag time by PLGA bulk degradation. In addition, the morphology of cells attached on the micro spheres was studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cellular proliferation behavior of human disc cells cultivated on PLGA micro spheres was analyzed using a MTT assay. MTT assay revealed that the cells can attach and proliferate on PLGA microspheres. According to these results, we concluded that BSA -loaded alginate/PLGA microspheres can be used as an injectable system for tissue engineering application.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2007

Five dogs with renal failure were referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Kangwon National University. These dogs had the common history of consumption of Pedigree dry dog food produced in Thailand plant for over 1 month. The dogs showed anorexia, emaciation, vomiting, and polydipsia/polyuria. And in one severely affected dog, bloody diarrhea and hypothermia were seen. The remarkable clinicopathological signs were high value of BUN and creatinine. In some dogs, GGT, phosphorus and lipase were increased. However, no significant changes of complete blood count were found. In urinalysis, hematuria, low specific gravity urine, proteinuria, and calcium oxalate-like crystals were observed. Two severely affected dogs were died. The remained dogs were recovered gradually after change of dog food and supportive therapy. Pathological findings were seen typically in kidneys. Renal atrophy, congestion of the glomerular capillary, and diffuse degeneration, necrosis, dystrophic calcification and regeneration in the tubular epithelium were seen. Yellowish brown fluorolucent laminated materials or particles were quite often found in the lumina of the necrotizing renal tubules of cortex and medulla. Proliferation of fibrous tissue in the interstitium was also seen. By the mycotoxin analysis of the Pedigree dry dog food, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin were detected as much as the concentration of 372.8 ppb and 8.3 ppb, respectively. The final diagnosis of renal failure caused by OTA and citrinin toxicosis was made on the basis of history takings, clinical signs, clinicopathological and pathological findings, and analysis of mycotoxins.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.334-341
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• 2013

Studies were carried to evaluated the influence of storage method by temperatures and fillers on yield and quality of seed rhizome in turmeric. Seed rhizome was stored at styrofoam box filled with rice hull and sand (3:1) or vermiculite for 30, 60 and 90 days at different temperatures (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$. compared to traditional method (rhizome only). Parameters were obtained for weight loss, cold injury, percentage of decayed in stored rhizome during storage periods. Also, the germination, growth pattern and yield from stored rhizome has been investigated. It was confirmed that storage of turmeric in stored with filled with vermiculite helps in prevention of rhizomes from microbial and fungal attack. The storage of rhizomes in styrofoam box without any filler at low temperature below $10^{\circ}C$. is not advocated due to heavy losses weight and decayed in management of postharvest for turmeric rhizome. Germination percentage, growth pattern and yield was maximum for rhizomes stored at styrofoam box filled with vermiculite for 90 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The paper outlines a brief attempt to assess the efficacy of non-chemical methods including optimal storage method (temperature and filler) of control of decay and moisture losses during storage of turmeric.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2013

To test the performance of nuclear fuels, coolant needs to be circulated through the test rig installed in the test loop. Because the pressure and temperature of the coolant is 15.5 MPa and $300^{\circ}C$ respectively, coolant sealing is one of the most important processes in fabricating a nuclear fuel test rig. In particular, 15 instrumentation cables installed in a test rig pass through the pressure boundary, and brazing is generally applied as a sealing method. In this study, an induction brazing system has been developed using a high frequency induction heater including a vacuum chamber. For application in the nuclear field, BNi2 should be used as a paste, and optimal process variables for Ni brazing have been found by several case studies. The performance and soundness of the brazed components has been verified by a tensile test, cross section test, and sealing performance test.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.228-234
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• 2001

Objective : The goal of this study was to identify variables that were predictive of recurrence in primary intracranial ependymomas. Methods : We analyzed variables affecting recurrence in 30 patients with primary intracranial ependymomas. Age, location, CSF cytology, seeding on neuroimaging study, tumor grade, extent of surgery, use of chemotherapy, chemotherapy regimen, use of radiotherapy, and radiotherapy field were entered to test their impacts on recurrence. Results : Follow-up ranged from 2 to 110 months. Tumors were recurred at the primary tumor site only in 13 patients (43.3%). The overall average recurrence free period was 55 months, with overall recurrence free rates at 3 and 6 years of 61.0% and 20.9%, respectively. Extent of surgery was the strongest variable affecting recurrence. The median recurrence free period and 3-year recurrence free rate were 72 months and 78.4% for patients having complete excision and 33 months and 0% for those having incomplete excision(p=0.05). Other prognostic variables like age, location, tumor grade, use of chemotherapy, and use of radiotherapy did not affect recurrence(p=0.2848, 0.7899, 0.1714, 0.2157, 0.7076, respectively). Conclusions : Intracranial ependymomas have a propensity to recur after treatment, and recurrence at the primary site is still the main obstacle to cure. Among various variables, only extent of resection had the strongest impact on recurrence. Additional studies may still be needed to precisely define the prognostic variables on recurrence in intracranial ependymomas.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objective : The diagnosis of shunt malfunction can be challenging since neuroimaging results are not always correlated with clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a simple, minimally invasive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lumbar tapping test that predicts shunt under-drainage in hydrocephalus patients. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological features of 48 patients who underwent routine CSF lumbar tapping after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) operation using a programmable shunting device. We compared shunt valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure to check under-drainage. Results : The mean pressure difference between valve opening pressure and CSF lumbar tapping pressure of all patients were $2.21{\pm}24.57mmH_2O$. The frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.06{\pm}1.26times$. Eighty five times lumbar tapping of 41 patients showed that their VPS function was normal which was consistent with clinical improvement and decreased ventricle size on computed tomography scan. The mean pressure difference in these patients was $-3.69{\pm}19.20mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $2.07{\pm}1.25times$. Fourteen cases of 10 patients revealed suspected VPS malfunction which were consistent with radiological results and clinical symptoms, defined as changes in ventricle size and no clinical improvement. The mean pressure difference was $38.07{\pm}23.58mmH_2O$. The mean frequency of CSF lumbar tapping was $1.44{\pm}1.01times$. Pressure difference greater than $35mmH_2O$ was shown in 2.35% of the normal VPS function group (2 of 85) whereas it was shown in 64.29% of the suspected VPS malfunction group (9 of 14). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.000001). Among 10 patients with under-drainage, 5 patients underwent shunt revision. The causes of the shunt malfunction included 3 cases of proximal occlusion and 2 cases of distal obstruction and valve malfunction. Conclusion : Under-drainage of CSF should be suspected if CSF lumbar tapping pressure is $35mmH_2O$ higher than the valve opening pressure and shunt malfunction evaluation or adjustment of the valve opening pressure should be made.