• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.652-658
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• 2006

This paper deals with an electronic ballast for hish intensity short-arc discharge lamps, which consists of a boost converter, a step down converter operated as a current source with power regulation and a low frequency inverter with external ignition circuit The ignition circuit generates high voltage pulses of 130[Hz] up to 5 [kV]. A reignition circuit is equipped in the ballast, and it operates the lamp at a regular interval for protection when an ignition fails. Acoustic resonance phenomenon was eliminated by operating a low frequency square wave voltage and current. The measured lamp voltage, current and consumption power were 123.8 [V], 8.1 [A] and 1,002 [W], respectively. From the experiment, we confirmed that the prototype ballast operates the lamp with a constant power.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.75-80
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• 2013

In this study, a forced ignition method with a plasma jet torch is studied in Mach 2 laboratory scaled wind-tunnel. The hyper-mixer is used as a mixer. For two normal injection cases, the one is collided against a wedge plate of the hyper-mixer and the other is directly injected into the cold main flow. For the first case, the hyper-mixer disperses the injected fuel, leading to the mixing enhancement. Furthermore, the fuel-air mixture is provided into the plasma hot gas, which enhances the combustion performance. However, the direct injection into the main flow method spends amount of fuel without ignition in the cold supersonic flow. In the end, for the forced combustion, it is important to supply the fuel-air mixture into the heat source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2013

Basically, in order to apply solid propellant as ignition source to high energy metal particle combustion system, we analyzed combustion characteristics of the HTPB/AP/Al, HTPE/AP/Al propellants by using a strand burner. The propellants were tested in a high-pressure windowed strand burner, which was pressurized up to 300 psia with pure argon gas. Strand burner was visualized with two quartz windows and ignition was accomplished by a 10 W $CO_2$ laser. The burning rate of propellant was measured with high-speed camera method for frame analysis and photodiode method for combustion time analysis. Emission spectrum was measured with spectrometer at 300 nm ~ 800 nm and 1500 nm ~ 5000 nm and then we analyzed species during propellant combustion.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2009

A large-scale fire test was conducted for interior materials from a vehicle installed within a fire test room (ISO 9705). The interior materials are satisfying the Korean guideline for the safety of rail vehicles, where the guideline has taken effect since December 2004 in Korea. The output of ignition source (gas burner) was increased in several controlled steps. The objectives of this test are to assess the fire performance in terms of ignition and flame spread on interior lining materials and to provide data on an enclosure fires involving train interior materials that grow to flashover. These data will be used to develop and calibrate models for fire growth on the interiors of the railway vehicle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.486-493
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• 1997

Experimental investigations on the comparison of developments between transient jets and evolving jet diffusion flames have been made in initial injection period. To achieve this experiment, an ignition technique using a residual flame as the ignition source is devised. High speed Schlieren visualizations, and measurements including jet tip penetration velocities and jet widths of the primary vortex are employed to examine the developing processes for several flow conditions. It is seen that the developing behaviors in the presence of flame are greatly different from those in transient jet, and thus the flow characteristics in the transient part are also modified. The discernible differences are shown to consist of the delay of the rollup of the primary vortex, the faster spreading after the rollup due to exothermic expansion, and the survival of only a primary vortex. The growth of primary vortex in the transient jet is properly explained through an impulsively started laminar vortex prior to the interaction. It is also found that the jet tip penetration velocity varies with elapsed time and an increase in Res gives rise to a higher tip penetration velocity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2002

Combustion phenomena in a sub-millimeter scale combustor have been investigated. To evaluate scale effect on flame propagation characteristics, a cylindrical combustion chamber with variable depth was built in-house. The combustor was charged with premixed gas of hydrogen and air and ignited electronically. A piezo electric pressure transducer recorded transient pressure after the ignition. Measurements were made at different test conditions specified with chamber depth and initial pressure as parameters. Visual observation was made through a quartz glass window on top side of the combustion chamber using high speed digital video camera. From the pressure data, available work was estimated and compared with energy input required for stable ignition. The preliminary results suggested that the net thermal energy release is sufficient to generate power and enables a combustor of the size in the present study to be used as the energy source of a micro power devices .

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 1997

Diesel engine is widely used for ship and industry source of power because of its high thermal efficiency and reliability and durability. However it lead to air pollution due to exhaust gas, and it is important to develop diesel engine of lower air-pollution to decrease the hazardous exhaust gas emissions. As one of the ways, the study for practically using the high pressure of fuel injection and variable injection timing system is being processing. The high pressure injection, which is said to be an effective means for reducing both NOx and particulate emissions, and great improvements in combustion characteristics have been reported by many researchers. In this study, electronic-hydraulic fuel injection system and hydraulic fuel injector system have been applied to the D.I. test engine for high pressure injection and variable injection timing. The injection pressure and injection rate depending upon accumulator pressure were measured with strain gage and Bosch injection rate measuring system before fitting the system into test engine, and analyzed the characteristics of the injection system. The combustion characteristics with this injection system has been analyzed with data concerning heat release rate, pressure rising rate, ignition point, ignition delay and maximum pressure value.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2001

Hydrogen is seen as one of the important energy vectors of the next century. Hydrogen as a renewable energy source, provides the potential for a sustainable development particularly in the transportation sector. Hydrogen driven vehicles reduce both local as well as global emissions. The laboratory of transporttechnology (University of Gent) converted a GM/Crusader V-8 engine for hydrogen use. Once the engine is optimised, it will be built in a low-floor midsize hydrogen city bus for public demonstration. For a complete control of the combustion process and to increase the resistance to backfire (explosion of the air-fuel mixture in the inlet manifold), a sequential timed multipoint injection of hydrogen and an electronic management system is chosen. The results as a function of the engine parameters (ignition timing. injection timing and duration, injection pressure) we given. Special focus is given to topics related to the use of hydrogen as a fuel: ignition characteristics (importance of electrode distance), quality of the lubricating oil (crankcase gases with high contents of hydrogen), oxygen sensors (very lean operating conditions), noise reduction (configuration and length of inlet pipes). The advantages and disadvantages of a power regulation only by the air to fuel ratio (as for diesel engines) against a throttle regulation (normal gasoline or gas regulation) are examined. Finally the goals of the development of the engine are reached: power output of 90 kW, torque of 300 Nm, extremely low emission levels and backfire-safe operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.273-276
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• 2005

This paper presents an electronic ballast using a step down converter, a low frequency inverter for high pressure discharge lamp. The proposed ballast is composed of a full-wave rectifier, a step down converter operated as a current source with power regulation and a low frequency inverter with ignition circuit. The ignition circuit generates high voltage pulse of 1${\sim}$2[kV] peak, 130[Hz]. Moreover, it is able to reignite at regular intervals by protective circuit. As experimental results on the test, lamp voltage, current and consumption power are measured 132.5[V], 7.6[A] and 1,005[W], respectively. It was confirmed that the designed ballast operate the lamp with a constant power.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.193-200
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• 1997

Flame spread and heat release properties and incident heat flux of interior materials subject to an igniter heat flux in a compartment are investigated and compared by using computer model. A comer fire ignition source is maintained for 10 minutes at 100 kw and subsequently increased to 300kw. In executing the model, base-line material properties are selected and one is changed for each run. Also 4 different igniter heat flux conditions and examined. Results are compared for the 12 different materials tested by the ISO Room Comer Test (9705). The time for total energy release rate to reach 1MW is examined. The parameters considered include flame heat flux and thermal inertia, lateral flame spread parameter, heat of combustion and effective heat of gasfication. The model can show the importance of each property in causing fire growth on interior Hnish materials in a compartment. The effect of ignitor heat flux and material property effects were demonstrated by using dimensionless parameters a, b and Tb. Results show that for b greater than about zero, flashover time in the ISO Room-Corner test is principally proportional to ignition time and nothing more.