• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

Purpose: Recently, the change to a more complex social structure has led to an increased frequency of traumas due to violence, accident and so on. In addition, the severity of the traumas and the frequency of penetrating injuries have also increased. Traumas to cervical and abdominal areas, what are commonly seen by general surgeons, can have mild to fatal consequences because in these areas, various organs that are vital to sustaining life are located. The exact location and characteristics of the injury are vital to treating patients with the trauma to these areas. Thus, with this background in mind, we studied, compared, and analyzed clinical manifestations of patients who were admitted to Wonju Christian hospital for penetrating injuries inflicted by themselves or others. Methods: We selected and performed a retrospective study of 64 patients who had been admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital from January 2005 to December 2009 and who had cervical or abdominal penetrating injuries clearly inflicted by themselves or others. Results: There were 51 male (79.7%) and 13 female (20.3%) patients, and the number of male patients was more dominant in this study, having a sex ratio of 3.9 to 1. The range of ages was between 20 and 86 years, and mean age was 43.2 years. There were 5 self-inflicted cervical injuries, and 19 self-inflicted abdominal injuries, making the total number of self-inflicted injury 24. Cervical and abdominal injuries caused by others were found in 11 and 29 patients, respectively. The most common area involved in self-inflicted injuries to the abdomen was the epigastric area, nine cases, and the right-side zone II was the most commonly involved area. On the other hand, in injuries inflicted by others, the left upper quadrant of the abdomen was the most common site of the injury, 14 cases. In the neck, the left-side zone II was the most injured site. In cases of self-inflicted neck injury, jugular vein damage and cervical muscle damage without deep organ injury were observed in two cases each, making them the most common. In cases with abdominal injuries, seven cases had limited abdominal wall injury, making it the most common injury. The most common deep organ injury was small bowel wounds, five cases. In patients with injuries caused by others, six had cervical muscle damage, making it the most common injury found in that area. In the abdomen, small bowel injury was found to be the most common injury, being evidenced in 13 cases. In self-inflicted injuries, a statistical analysis discovered that the total duration of admission and the number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit were significantly shorter and smaller, retrospectively, than in the patient group that had injuries caused by others. No statistically significant difference was found when the injury sequels were compared between the self-inflicted-injury and the injury-inflicted-by-others groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that, in self-inflicted abdominal injuries, injuries limited to the abdominal wall were found to be the most common, and in injuries to the cervical area inflicted by others, injuries restricted to the cervical muscle were found to be the most common. As a whole, the total duration of admission and the ICU admission time were significantly shorter in cases of self-inflicted injury. Especially, in cases of self inflicted injuries, abdominal injuries generally had a limited degree of injury. Thus, in our consideration, accurate injury assessment and an ideal treatment plan are necessary to treat these patients, and minimally invasive equipment, such as laparoscope, should be used. Also, further studies that persistently utilize aggressive surgical observations, such as abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography, for patients with penetrating injuries are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

Purpose: Differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activity appear in the forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the following effects according to different postures on scapular kinematics and muscle activity around scapular region in individuals with and without FHRSP during overhead reaching task. Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects with/without FHRSP participated in this study. All subjects were positioned into three positions: habitual head posture (HHP), self-perceived ideal head posture (SIHP) and therapist-perceived neutral head posture (TNHP). Muscle activities of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) were measured during overhead reaching task. Results: Muscle activity of trapezius muscle (UT and LT) during HHP was significantly higher than SIHP and TNHP in FHRSP group (p<0.05), but there was no difference between SIHP and TNHP. SA also significantly increased muscle activity in HHP more than SIHP and TNHP in FHRSP group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between SIHP and TNHP. In Non-FHRSP group, although there was a tendency of different muscle activities among three postures, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This result demonstrates that muscle activity associated with overhead reaching task is increased in HHP which affects the scapular kinematics and SIHP contributes changed scapular kinematics and proper recruitment of muscle activity in FHRSP similarly to TNHP.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

Lateral type poly-silicon field emitters were fabricated by utilizing the LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) process. For the implementation 'of an ideal field emission device with quasi-zero tunneling barrier, a new and fundamental approach has used conducted by introducing an intelligent carbon-based thin layer on the cathode tip surface via a field-assisted self-aligning of carbon (FASAC) process. Fundamental lowering of the turn-on field for the electron emission was feasible through the control of both the tip shape and surface barrier height.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to improve their quality of life through medical nutrition therapy. The subjects were 38 persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting a public health center to participate in a dietary education program from Jun, 2003 to Nov. 2003 in Daegu, Korea. The interviews were tape-recorded and analyzed attitude, knowledge, and awareness of patients by focus group interview. Most of the patients were mainly dependent on drug therapy and had little experience of diet education. Barriers to dietary practice adherences were limitations in food selection, lack of will and feel of burden. Barriers to follow guidelines were lack of self-control, confliction with food habits of their family, accessibility, economical problems, fear for the change after dietary practice, food difficulties in meal distribution and difficulties for eating out. After 4 weeks of intensive nutrition education, fasting blood sugar levels were decreased and postprandial and waist circumference were significantly decreased in all patients and 26.9% of patients were under decreased oral hypoglycemic agent dosage due to improved blood sugar level. dietary knowledge of subjects were greatly improved in such items as dietary intake, saturated fat, HbA1C, ideal body weight, and waist circumference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.904-908
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• 2013

When an abnormal condition occurs due to a fault current at a consumer location where electricity is supplied through a high-capacity and high-$T_c$ superconducting(HTS) cable, the HTS cable would be damaged if there is no appropriate measure to protect it. Therefore, appropriate measures are needed to protect HTS cables. The fault-current-limiting HTS cable that was suggested in this study performs an ideal transport current function in normal operations and plays a role in limiting a fault current in abnormal operation (i.e., when a fault current is applied). It has a structure that facilitated its self-current-limiting ability through device change and reconfiguration in the existing HTS cable without extra switching equipment. To complete this structure, it is essential to investigate about the selection of the superconducting wire. Therefore, in this paper, HTS wire using two types of different stabilization layer is compared and examined the stability and current limiting properties under the existence of a fault current.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.943-952
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dental hygiene and students' academic achievement and their quality of life. Methods: A self administered questionnaire was used for third and fourth year dental hygienists which consisted of 423 female students. The data was analyzed using SPSS ver.19.0. Results: The results of this study are as follows(p<0.01). First, the effect of academic achievement on quality of life was found to affect an ideal life, life satisfaction and the quality of maintaining a happy life (p<0.05). The correlations between objective academic achievements and the quality of life of the subjects were correlated in all items (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: To summarize the above results, in order to improve the quality of life for dental hygienists and students, it is necessary to take various measures in order for students to maintain a sense of pride in their various departments and to be able to concentrate on their respective studies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.149-168
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• 2009

Objectives : This study aimed for attain to ideal aspects in medical ethics-clinical medicine, through researching doctor's ethics based on Confucian ideas, Methods : Research materials are datum of Confucian ideas included eastern medical books and the Confucian old books, Stand on above-mentioned, I investigate indispensable ethical condition clinical doctor must have in diagnose and treat. Results and Conclusions : 1. Combination of people-oriented ideas-Confucian and applicative learning-Eastern Medicine, doctor's principle mind is initiated and Confucian physician is the center of that. 2. For practice morality and ethics using the Confucianist's good character, Eastern medical doctor read and acquire the Confucian books. 3. Eastern medical doctor make an effort for application a kind love ideas(perfect religious scholarship ideas of Confucian), serve parents and country as for practice and sublimate into a kind love ideas through practice of integrity and the self-sacrifice. 4. Occasion to examine the female patient, emphasize good manners by Confucian ideas's sexual distinction 5. According to the doctor-doctor ethics, partnership is important due to Confucian faith and good manners 6. Confucian physician often effected by the people around patient and the protector of patient and criticize positive influence by these kind of peoples(傍人) when diagnose and treat. 7. Owing to Confucian's a notion of preferring a son to a daughter(男兒選好思想), come out the methods of convert a son into a daughter(轉女爲男法)-manipulation of sex distinction. this method is criticized aspect of medical ethics.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the parent related factors that influence internet game addiction among elementary school students. Method: Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Data survey was conducted with 739 conveniently selected students who were in grades 4, 5, and 6 of elementary schools in Seoul or Gyung-gi province. Results: The addiction groups were classified as general user group (84.3%), potential risk group (10.0%) and high risk group (5.7%). There were significant internet game addiction differences by gender, grade, expense of internet cafe, religion, school record, place where child played, economic status, and duration and frequency of game play. The addiction was negatively correlated to parents' attachment, supervision, attitude to child nurturing, and expectations regarding school study. The most significant variables were both parents' attitude to child nurturing, and mother's supervision. These three variables explained 20.7% of internet game addiction in elementary school students. Conclusion: These findings are expected to make a contribution to the creation of ideal interventions at school, home, and counselling centers to prevent internet game addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.396-407
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• 2011

Various media are expanding the fantastic expression methods and sphere wider than now. As an intermediate for expressing fully self-desires, fashion of the day has surfacing an important concept called fantastic that does not exist and surpasses reality in expressing the ideal body of a desiring body. Goth and cospre are personal expressions of movie costumes that visualize virtual reality as representative of fantastic fashions. The fantastic is a modem concept putting together SF, fantasy, magical realism, fable, and surrealism. Studies in fashion fields related to fantastic have treated fantastic illiberally and peripherally owing to the centering on the SF genre or fantasy. The thesis that dealt with an important fashion as an external favorite as well as the socio-cultural contents of the expressed body in genre expression remains inadequate. In research methods, this study carried out theoretical reviews on the concept and characteristic of the fantastic through literature data that includes local and international theoretical books, monographs, and dissertations that are related to the fantastic. The experimental analysis was executed by collecting fashion works shown after 2000 and included in special fashion editions, collection magazines, Internet materials, and monographs. The results show that the categorization of expression characteristic (according to fantastic spheres) appeared as 5 kinds such as uncanny borderline, cyborg grotesque, heroic superman, myth allegory, and unconscious meaninglessness.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2019

Stem cells are progenitor cells that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cells. Especially, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have in vivo and in vitro differentiation capacity into three germ layers and can proliferate infinitely. The differentiation ability of PSCs can be applied for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In domestic animals, their PSCs have a potential for preclinical therapy as well as the production of transgenic animals and agricultural usage such as cultured meat. Among several domestic animals, a pig is considered as an ideal model for biomedical and agricultural purposes mentioned above. In this reason, studies for pig PSCs including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been conducted for decades. Therefore, this review will discuss the history of PSCs derived from various origins and recent progress in pig PSC research field.