• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.435-446
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the this study is to investigate parenting stress of married dental hygienists having preschool and school aged children. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 242 married dental hygienists from September to December, 2015 via e-mail and ordinary mail. The questionnaire consisted of demographics, job-related characteristics, family life satisfaction, and parenting stress. The data were analyzed using Stata 13.0 program. Results: As for job-related characteristics, 36.6% of the subjects answered 'not possible' in work hour flexibility. The reasons why family-work balance is difficult were 'parenting and education(58.7%)' and 'burden of family-work balance(32.4%)'. Family life satisfaction was 3.03, and parenting stress was 2.41. Parenting stress gets higher if their children are younger, monthly income is lower, and mother/father's age are lower. And parenting stress becomes higher if their career as dental hygienists is less, they are contract worker, and frequency to change jobs is higher. Concerning the reason why work-family balance is difficult, parenting stress is found to be high when they choose 'parenting and education', 'burdens of work-family balance', and 'relationship in workplace'. Family life satisfaction reduced parenting stress. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, frequency to change job influences parenting stress. Conclusions: Parenting stress increases turnover and career interruption of married dental hygienists. It is hard to improve work environment without policy support. It will be necessary to establish policy for employed mothers and create a work atmosphere where the policy can be utilized without difficulty.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.139-149
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the impact of self-leadership by worker in social enterprises and profit enterprise. For this purpose, 36 social enterprises and commercial enterprises in Chungcheongnam-do and 303 workers were surveyed. Main results are as follows. First, the workers in social enterprises and profit enterprises have many different characteristics. The workers who work in social enterprise is more women, less educated and were the elderly than profit enterprise. This is the reason that social enterprises are employing women, elderly and vulnerable groups by the government's social work support policy. Second, self leadership and all organizational Performance areas in social enterprises is higher than that of profit companies. Third, self-leadership in social enterprise and profit enterprise has positive effect on organizational performance. Therefore, in order to improve the organizational performance of social enterprises must share organizational vision and goals for the workers. It will increase the organizational competitiveness. The Journal of Digital Policy & Management. This space is for the abstract of your study in English.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2005

Although the rate of women farmer's participation in agricultural activities have been increased upto 52.7 % as of year 2003, Korean society has not fully recognized their roles in rural society. According to the agricultural basic law, most of rural women were engaged in agriculture as full time job, however, only about 11% of them could have supporting evidence of themselves as farmer having legal right. If women farmers faced some unexpected things such as a traffic accident, insurance company would not reward them as farmers unless they provide written proof of their job as farm worker or farm owner. Based on lawyer's legal advice, the authors developed a diary called "Saenghwalilji", a daily diary based on their time use and bookkeeping to prove the fact of their contribution to income generation of the farm. After examination of the diary, 18 persons out of 29 volunteers kept two types of dairy for the period of two weeks, and they reported it was very useful. Finally the better one of two was selected after reflecting the suggestions from the respondents. The "Saenghwalilji", will be very useful proof of women farmer's contribution to income, at the same time improving their farm management through better use of daily life time.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to understand women's wear manufacturing industries. First, the study was to investigate the present production systems and how much the automatic facility are by comparing them. This study enhanced more efficient, stable, and suitable work line. This intern will direct the way in which automatic facilities will be created. Second, through this study on the general character of the inspectors, the ratio of impaired goods, and the reasons for unsatisfactory goods, I intended to find out a way to decrease the impaired goods and to produce competitive and high quality goods. The results of the survey can be summarized as follows; 1. The result of the research on the automatic industrial facilities shows that the majority of the factories (77.4%) are 40% below the automatic facility rate. The reasons for this according to order are that was a deficit in money, no reason for expensive machines, and lack of the technique and the number of workers required to handle the machines. 2. At this time, the most required equipments are shown according to its importance; automatic sewing machine, automatic cutting machine, automatic spreading machine, and finishing & pressing machine. So in the women's wear manufacturing industries, they think that they need more automatic cutting machine, automatic spreading machine in the cutting field rather than high price automatic machine in the sewing field such as pattern former, pocket welting, automatic sleeve connecting machine and automatic label connecting machine. 3. The result of the research in the goods quality shows that the average impaired rate is 12.7% at the first inspection. In addition the average rate for complete impaired rate is 1.52%. The line system shows that it has a impaired rate that is double the rate of the pair system. Because of this, the industries plan to combine the line system and pair system to create an improved and suitable production system which can boost the quality and productivity of the goods. 4. The fabric is the main point of the impaired goods. The factors of the impaired goods in manufacturing are the lack of mental abilities of the worker, impaired fabrics and a lack of cooperation in the working system. Furthermore, there is a lack of technique for new material. 5. To prohibit impaired goods in manufacturing, there need to be a way to educate the workers and to enhance the workers' mind on the productive goods. Also there need to increase in the investments of automatic production machines. Finally there need to be a standardized working line. Therefore, there need to be an improvement on the management of the production of goods, the development of technique and an increase in the education for the workers, with this there will be a decrease in impaired goods, and an increase in better quality of goods to enforce the domestic apparel industries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

The women's roles In 21s1 century in Korea is increasing as the industry, economy is growing and changing rapidly; thus raising the necessity and importance of early learning. Naturally the importance and needs of children's day-care center is increasing both in quantitative and quality matters, there needs for much improvements. This study selected 8 workshop day-care centers in Seoul area, where most day-care centers are located, and analyzed interior spaces; thus presenting the appropriate model of interior space in child day-care center. Starting with, examining theologically, this study focused on the history of child day-care center and the 8 selected day-care centers in Seoul. By analyzing the operation status, blue prints, and picture, this study focused on improving the interior spaces in day-care centers. The presented improvement in spaces are the fellowing, First, half of day-care centers in workshops had independent buildings and most were multi-storey building. Second, running status vary. The open hours and number of teachers were fine but the budgets ratio of the employer and the worker ratio needed improvements. Third, there is need for detailed more improvement In managing area, educational area, and service area. It recommendable for spaces of day-care centers in workshops to be a single-storey building with managing and service space placed In center with educational rooms on each sides, with single hall way.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify the job satisfaction and organization commitment of employees according to the school food service environments. The questionnaire to measure was completed by 150 employees in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The demographic data showed that 48.7% of respondents were in their fifties and most of them were females(96.6%). They were employed in the middle and high schools. The results were as follows : Frist, factors that influenced job satisfaction were student preference and rule-observance. Second, the importance of school food service environments didn't influence the compensation factor for job satisfaction. Third, factors that influenced job satisfaction among school food service environments were kindliness and the management of employees and rule-observance. Rule-observance showed the highest satisfaction scores among the rest of them. Forth, it was concluded that the management of employees, food quality and student preference influenced the organization commitment of food service employees. The research results show that rule-observance of food service environments and the importance of managing employees have influence on co-worker relations, job and organization commitment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.433-450
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• 2012

As a worker performs a certain operation repeatedly, he tends to become familiar with the job and complete it in a very short time. That means that the efficiency is improved due to his accumulated knowledge, experience and skill in regards to the operation. Investing time in an output is reduced by repeating any operation. This phenomenon is referred to as the learning curve effect. A learning curve is a graphical representation of the changing rate of learning. According to previous literature, learning curve effects are determined by subjective pre-assigned factors. In this study, we propose a new statistical model to clarify the learning curve effect by means of a basic cumulative distribution function. This work mainly focuses on the statistical modeling of binary data. We employ the Newton-Raphson method for the estimation and Delta method for the construction of confidence intervals. We also perform a real data analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.396-416
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the trends of government R&D (R&D) projects related to laboratory safety over the past 20 years. Methods: We collected publications from various databases(DBs) with words such as laboratory(ies), lab(s), researcher(s), laboratory worker(s), safety, environment, hazard(s), risk(s), and so on. Selected publications were analyzed by the research funds and the number of projects according to the investment subject and research characteristics. Results: About 93% of the total R&D budget went to government policy projects, not scientific research. Second, from the perspective of 'safety management activities', most of the research is related to management and inspection at the organizational level. Issues that need to be discussed at the national level like policy governance are not included. Third, focusing on the 'safety management cycle', there were few studies related to 'prediction' or 'post-response'. Fourth, when an analysis framework combining the perspectives of 'safety management activities' and 'safety management cycle' is applied, most of the budget is spent on infrastructure such as digital management systems, whereas basic knowledge for prevention and production of evidence was very few. Conclusions: In order to prevent policy planning without policy evaluation, implementation without strategy, and evaluation without evidence, it is necessary to expand investment in empirical research on risks, research on the effectiveness of current application methods, and research on theory development. The government budget for laboratory safety-related projects should be managed separately from the R&D budget for scientific research. Although less than 5% of the budget allocated to scientific research is the total budget, an optical illusion occurs because both the project budget and the scientific research budget are counted as R&D budgets.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.317-340
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• 2013

The modern society has undergone the fast change of the family structure and labor market. Particularly, the compatibility of work and family life became the era's agenda while the labor force participation rate of the women increased. However, the family-friendly organizational culture was not created and the job engagement of the married female workers was decreased. The married female workers complained of suffering due to the work and family conflict. This research was conducted to study a relationship between family-friendly organizational culture and job engagement of married female social workers, and secondly to investigate if family conflict affect the relationship. From the results of the study, it was known that family-friendly organizational culture has effect on the job engagement, and work and family conflict play an intermediary role between the organizational culture and job engagement. Therefore, it can be explained that family-friendly organizational culture enhances the job engagement of married female social workers, and the culture would be a good measure of the compatibility of work and family life. Based on the study, it is suggested that public relation and education need to be preceded for the spread of family-friendly organizational culture by national initiated programs. Secondly, in terms of welfare organization, related regulations and guidelines need to be prepared, and thirdly, in the view of individual respect, members of family should have their own rights to put forth an opinion grandly with firm faith of the compatibility of work and family life.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.74-90
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• 2021

Background: It is getting important to improve the oral health status of the elderly because oral health status may affect their health status of the whole body. In this respect, we aimed to explore the association of oral health status and behavior factors with self-rated health status by sex. Methods: Using the data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for health surveys and oral examinations (2016-2018), we analyzed a total of 3,070 people aged 65 or older (men: 1,329; women: 1,741). Our dependent variable, self-rated health status, was divided into two groups: not good (bad and very bad) and good (very good, good, and fair), whereas our independent variables of interest were oral health status and behavior factors. In addition to descriptive analysis and the Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting survey characteristics, we conducted hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for socio-demographics and health status and behavior factors. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results: The proportion of people having 'not good' self-rated health was 36.5% in women but 24.5% in men. In a model adjusted for all covariates, the self-rated health status showed significant association with the self-rated oral health status. For example, in men, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'poor' (odds ratio [OR], 5.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-12.03) self-rated oral health status and in those having 'fair' (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.68-9.70) in comparison with those having 'good' self-rated oral health status. Dental status regarding speaking difficulty seemed to be very important in influencing self-rated health status. For instance, in women, compared to people having 'no discomfort' speaking difficulty, the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health was high in people having 'not bad' (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.14-2.24) and 'discomfort' (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.30-2.47) speaking difficulty. The covariates significantly associated with the risk of having 'not good' self-rated health were: physical activity, chronic disease, stress, and body mass index in both sexes; health insurance type and drinking only in men; and economic activity only in women. Conclusion: Oral health status and behavioral factors were associated with self-rated health status among the elderly, differently by sex. This suggests that public health policies toward better health in the elderly should take their oral health status and oral health behaviors into account in a sex-specific way.