• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 1998

This paper deals with the historical geography of land-use and agriculture along the Lower Nam-River floodplains. The reclamation process of the river floodplains, the cultivation methods on the reclaimed lands, and the land-use patterns and processes are investigated. The Nam River, one of the major tributaries of the Nakdong River, flows through the boundary between Ham-An and Eu-Ryong Guns. Larger floodplains are located in Ham-An Gun. The floodplains of Ham-An Gun have been surveyed intensively in this study. In South Korea, the alluvial plains, mostly located along the river valleys, have been reclaimed to provide fertile agricultural lands. Those along the upper river valleys were reclaimed before those along the lower river valleys. The flood-plains of Han-An Gun were reclaimed to be the largest agricultural lands of the Gun. The natural levees along the Lower Nam-River Valley were identified before the reclamation processes but now hardly identified. Relatively larger floodplains are located along the tributary streams of the Nam River. Often there are low-lying back swamps between the natural levees and the hills/mountains that rise above the floodplains. The back swamps, called 'natural bog lands' in this region, have been reduced in size and in number through reclamation for the purpose of agricultural and industrial land-uses. Now about ten 'natural bog lands' are found in the Ham-An floodplains, and some of them are being reclaimed for the industrial land-use. This study suggests the emergent need of conservation for the remaining 'natural bog lands' in terms of ecology. Seven agricultural fields of large size, originated from the Nam-River floodplains, are identified in this study: Kun(큰들), Chung-Am(정암들), Chang-chi(장지들), Baek-San(백산들), Ha-Ki(하기들), Gu-Hae(구혜들), and Chang-Po(장포들) fields. The Kun field was reclaimed during the Japanese control and the Gu-Hae, in the 1950s. All of those except the above two fields were reclaimed after the mid-1960s. The Nam-River Dam in Chinju, completed in 1969, contributed the reclamation processes along the Lower Nam-River floodplains. The rice acreage of the region has been reduced slowly since 1970 but the rice production of the region has been relatively stable (Table 4). Rice culture had been the most important agriculture on the reclaimed lands for decades before the greenhouse vegetable cultivation became more important in the 1980s. Among the vegetables cultivated in the greenhouse, the watermelon is the dominantly leading one. Watermelons are usually harvested two or three times in a year though it is possible to harvest four times in one year. The rotation of watermelons and rice is common in the region. It is known the physical conditions of the Nam-River floodplains in Ham-An Gun is the most suitable for watermelon cultivation in South Korea.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2000

According to Torrance, it is said that about 30% of feeble-headed children are bearing potential brilliant quality. Such potential gifted children exist really much more than children who appear to show their own brilliant quality. Nevertheless, research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness has not been relatively actively progressed. Renzulli, Smith and so on progresses research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness and strategies developed by them are being used widely all over the world, but these strategies show the defect that children can not overcome by themselves the interfered factors influenced negatively on their gift revelation. Russian scholar Babaeva made the effective education program to develop children's potential giftedness. Her program includes various activity methods or mental correct activity and psychological training activity and such training activity is realized through some steps and each step has it's own purpose and realization method. With the result that children discriminated as common children by the experimental study which is progressed by the present program participate, their standard of intelligence and originality showed the improved effect of the similar standard to children factors not a little influencing on children's giftedness development process but she also developed the leading concrete study method for the children to overcome this by themselves. In this paper, the present writer will examine potential giftedness development program researched in Russia and discuss their theoretic background and concrete activity course, activity result. Through this, children's have the excellent abilities in various spheres, this writer will obtain significant suggestions to educate the potential gifted children who do not display their own potentialities and do not receive a favor from gifted children program.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.38
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• pp.175-200
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• 2018

From the point of view of the law and public morals in Yi-dynasty, it is possible to discover new meanings in the love of Chunhyang and Mongryong-Lee, the conflicts between Chunhyang and Hakdo-Byeon, and the rescue of Chunhyang by Mongryong-Lee as a secret royal inspector. First, although the love of Chunhyang and Mongryong-Lee was against the law and public morals of Yi-dynasty, the narrator did not call to account, but he described the love as a romantic and new one conflicting with the ruling system. And it was an unprecedented case that Chunhyang asked a written contract as a legal guarantee for marriage when Mongryong-Lee courted her. Second, Hakdo-Byeon, the Namwon county governor, accused Chunhyang, a female entertainer of the Namwon county, of disobedience to his oder and contempt of him, and interrogated her with torture when she denied his demand for bed service which was prohibited by law. Chunhyang refuted against him and regarded his demand for bed service as the rape of a married woman. In this process, narrator sharply contrasted Chunhyang's claim for human rights with Hakdo-Byeon's legal administration. Characters such as people of Namwon county and king did not call Mongryong-Lee to account for that he, as a secret royal inspector, allegedly used his power privately to rescue his sweetheart Chunhyang from Hakdo-Byeon's illegal oppression. These different judgements on legal administrations of Hakdo-Byeon and Mongryong-Lee came from the legal emotion of characters and reading publics of . Namely, people who sympathized with Chunhyang's claim for love and human rights had the legal emotion that Mongryong-Lee's administrative order suspending Hakdo-Byeon's govenor's status could be approved as an legal and exciting one. Therefore the love of Chunhyang and Mongryong-Lee implied a new legal emotion which based on the sympathy with Chunhyang's human rights consciousness, and regarded the positive law of Yi - dynasty as one behind times.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.44
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• pp.177-212
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• 2023

In this study, discussions of the suppression of cultural diversity in communities was conducted. First, based on the studies conducted so far and recent changes, the oppression that exists between the Chinese government and ethnic minorities was considered. The visible suppression mentioned was the expansion of Han Chinese Mandarin language education, sanctions on minority languages, and the expansion of higher education at the exclusion of minority identities. In terms of 'invisible' oppression, urbanization, urban development with modernization at the forefront, and the use of officials from minority ethnic groups educated by the central government were items that were discussed. Next, the case of Latin America was examined. In particular, attention was paid to the theory of resistance against Europeans and European culture. Based off of the worries and experiences of Latin American intellectuals who have underwent oppression as individuals from culturally diverse backgrounds, a mature theory was formulated that could be used to defend Chinese minorities in the future. There is a specificity to the problem of Chinese minority communities. However, from a large perspective, experience and self-critical exploration in Latin America serve as an opportunity to expand the specificity of Chinese minority communities. Their situation resembles previous situations in Latin America when native cultures were being culturally eroded by Europe. Thus, as Latin American scholars argue, a shift in perception is necessary. In addition to this, in the text, it is likewise necessary to reflect on diversity, freedom, and mutualistic respect. There are proposals advocating for the realization of Heyibutong (和而不同 harmony but not through sameness) based on the situation in China. In the process of this consideration, much thought was given about what the observed communities are like and what a hypothetically desirable community would be like. This extends not only to Chinese minority communities and native residents of Latin America, but also to Asians in the United States and foreigners in Korea. Through this, it is hoped that desirable communities characterized by cultural diversity can be skillfully pursued.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

Purpose: To obtain opinions from Korean Institutional Review Board (IRB) members' self-evaluation on ability to conduct fairness review of clinical trial protocol with presence of conflict of interest and from investigators and IRB members on financial conflict of interest through surveying. Methods: IRB members and researchers in 9 different hospitals were asked to answer survey questions via email. Results: Responders were 115 personnel (IRB Chair/vice 18, medical member 30, non-medical member 28, and researcher 39) from 9 centers. Compared to IRB medical members, IRB chair/vice respondents scored higher with statistically significance on 10 point scale (8.44±1.381 vs. 7.30±1.685, p=0.005) when asked to self-evaluate fairness reviewing a protocol proposed by an investigator from the same department and a protocol from the company that supports the scientific committee of responders. When reviewing a protocol proposed by a hospital director, non-medical members scored statistically significantly higher than medical-members (7.47±1.76 vs. 8.07±2.70, p=0.034). When asked about the limitation of labor fee for principal investigator on phase 3 Human clinical trials of the Investigational new drug, while the responses range was wide, 60% answered that labor cost of principal investigator should be less than 30% of total budget for clinical trials with a budget of 100 million won. 51.3% answered that there is no need to disclose the labor cost of the principal investigator in the consent form. Since every investigator can be influenced unconsciously by conflict of interest, the answer that 'responder agrees that there is need for management' was the most chosen answer (IRB member 61.8%, investigator 64.1%, multiple answers allowed). Conclusion: Considering scores on questions of fairness by IRB members were between 7.23-8.56 on scale of 0 to 10 point when IRB members were asked about reviewing a clinical trial protocol, it cannot be said with absolute certainty that there is no issue regarding fairness in the review process. Therefore, there should be more ways to safeguard fairness for these issues. There is a need that the disclosure amount of honorarium from sponsor should be lower than 100 million Korean won. Considering the results of the survey in which respondents expressed their thoughts, it is likely that more education on the concept of conflict of interest is needed.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.461-474
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop the caregiver guideline for participation in activities daily living for the elderly with early dementia in home including easily adaptable and professional strategies as early intervetion. The process of this study was 3 stage. First stage, the development of preliminary caregiver guideline as the first stage of this study was to translate to Korean and reclassify the items about caregiver guideline for participation from reports of foreign association or government related dementia, and it consisted of 3 areas, 128 statements for questionnaire for Delphi investigation. Second stage, the guideline was to conduct the content validity, and delete, reclassify, integrate, revise inappropriate items through 2 rounds and 16 Delphi panels. Third stage, the establishment of the final version of caregiver guideline. It consisted of 8 areas: home modification and assistive device, home activities of daily living, health management, communication, psycho-emotional support, leisure activities, social participation, general strategies. All 68 items was arranged in important order. The content validity, stability, agreement index in this study were 0.81, 0.15, 0.79 respectively. When content validity, stability was above 0.49, below 0.5 in Delphi survey with 15 panels, it was not required additional survey. The result of this study meaned that it was not required to additional Delphi survey, and the result was stable and agreeable. This developed guideline was useful and practical to maintain the elderly's with dementia independent and healthy life as education materials for their caregivers, so it will expect to decrease caregiver's burden. Lastly, it stated limitation and suggestion for further study.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop Music Recall Technique for affect modification using programmed series of classical music, and further to apply the technique as therapeutic intervention for clients with anorexia nervosa. Music Recall Technique is composed of two sub-technique: first one is 'Music Recall(MR)' which is the way to reproduce of existing music on one's head and mind after listening to the music, and second intervention is 'Creative Music Recall(CMR)' which is the way to modify the exposed musical pieces or newly learned musical pieces. A client with anorexia nervosa with severe anxiety, anger and depression participated in this case study. The MRT is implemented in different stages pertaining to client's level of utilizing the music recall skill for the period of 10 sessions. Situations eliciting negative emotions were identified and music recalling was reinforced for the pertaining situation in order for the negative emotion to be coped and reduced by the end of session time. The client participated for 10 sessions, and was asked to fill out self-report on the affect change using MRT. Visual Analogue Scale was used for pre and post test for each session to measure the self perceived level of negative affect. State-trait anxiety inventory was also used to measure the anxiety level following the implementation of MRT. As results, negative emotions, such as anxiety, anger and depression were modified during stimulative-sedative music recall process. These negative emotions were decreased mostly during stimulative MR, especially, in the beginning process. Each negative affect on negative situation measured by VAS during each and entire session have been decreased. Negative emotion measured by state-trait anxiety inventory, state-trait anger expression inventory, and hopelessness-depression inventory were decreased as well. The results suggest that stimulative music using contemporary classic music was effective in reduction and modification of negative affect such as anxiety, anger and depression. It shows that Music Recall Technique can be a meaningful intervention for affect modification, and further it can be utilized as self-help in the outside of music therapy setting.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.375-402
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• 2009

In this study, the researcher put together the changing process of Chinese Confucian into Korean Confucian Thought in the dimension of Chiin 'Governing of Others. By analyzing 'Seonghak jibyo' which is reinterpretation of 'Daehak' and also academic enrichment, the researcher investigated the aspects of acceptance of 'Daehak' in Joseon Period. 'Daehak' was the basic textbook for 'Emperorship Learning'(帝王學, 'Jewang Hak') as well as 'Sage Learning'(聖學, 'Seong Hak') over the whole Joseon Period, and it can be understood that 'Seonghak jibyo'- the Essentials of Sagely Learning compiled by Yulgok(栗谷) is the totalization of such learning. Yulgok organized the system of 'Seonghak jibyo' largely in five volumes and placed Samgangnyeong(三綱領, Three Doctrines or Essential Principles) and Paljomok(八條目, Eight Articles) of 'Daehak' in an appropriate manner. Among those, 'Chiin' was discussed intensively in the Volume Three, 'Jeonga'(正家-Family in Correct State) and also the Volume Four, 'Uijeong'(爲政 the king exercises government by means of his virtue). In the volume, 'Jeonga', Yulgok clearly arranged the core virtues for which the family is obliged to put into practice in everyday life having segmented the contents of the doctrine of Jega(齊家-to order family relationships) in 'Daehak', and, in 'Uijeong', Yulgok deepened the contents of 'Chiguk Pyeongcheonha'(治國平天下, ordering the state, bringing peace to the whole world) and presented consciousness on the spirit of contemporary as well as the practice of the state managements in an affirmative manner. These prove the validity of learning steps by presenting the practice guideline to fit the situation while well preserving the basic system of Confucian thought that leads to 'Chiin' (治人-'Governing of Others' or Governance of humankind) based on 'Sugi'(修己, the cultivation of the self). And such viewpoints feature the characteristics of Joseon Confucian Thought which had been through more abundant enrichment process than Chinese Confucian. Therefore, Yulgok's thoughts expounded in The Essentials of Sagely Learning(聖學輯要, 'Seonghak jibyo') can be regarded as criteria to understand humanity and arts cherished by Joseon people, as well as the distinctive features of politics.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

Purpose : To check the legal relation between rescue team and patient as well as legal responsibility for patient's damage intentionally or erroneously caused by rescue member, a public official, in the performance of relevant job ; to prevent legal dispute over rescue team and to present program for fair settlement of dispute and equitable and feasible burden of damage. Method : First, the legal principle of Civil Law, Criminal Law and Administrative Law related to the theme of this research will be investigated around research by literature. Second, the case of dispute related to rescue team will be introduced. Result: 1. If 119 rescue members as a public official intentionally or erroneously cause damage to patient in the performance of job, they shall bear civil, criminal and administrative responsibility. They shall bear civil responsibility for indemnity for damage due to default or tort. The typical criminal responsibility includes accidental homicide arising out of duty, preparing falsified official document, dereliction of duty, etc. In the administrative side, the state is responsible for indemnity for peculiar status of the rescue member, public official. 2. Though raising civil petition or legal dispute over unsatisfactory rescue service may be reasonable to guarantee the right of nation, such action may cause stress to rescue member as well as may lead to mental shrinking and defensive attitude only to take the basic first aid treatment which has low possibility of mistake instead of active first aid treatment so as to avoid legal responsibility. 3. The program that may prevent legal dispute over 119 rescue team includes expansion of manpower specialized in first aid treatment, enhancement of education on legal environment, development and application of standard job guideline, formation of mutual trust with patient, detailed explanation, preparing and keeping minute record, improvement of the rescue members' ability of first aid treatment and development of medical instruction mode. Conclusion : The best policy is to prevent legal dispute. If it is impossible to basically exclude the possibility of dispute, however, we need to make effort to minimize the occurrence, settle fairly and divide damage equitably and feasibly. To improve the preventible death rate of our first aid system to the level of advanced country, 119 rescue team which is in charge of the stage before hospital needs to positively enforce special first aid by improving the qualitative level of rescue service and to strive to prevent legal dispute that may occur in the process.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-68
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• 2010

Current oversupply of college graduates is the need in the industry, but the absolute lack of manpower and the company's dissatisfaction with graduates of the retraining costs borne by businesses increases with the overall gap between university education and industry is causing a scene. Particularly job-oriented vocational training colleges for the purpose of sahoegak areas of professional knowledge, teaching theory, research, and cultivate talent, and social development of countries required to cultivate professional personnel for the purpose were established. However, the purpose of today's college founded largely on these off, which reflects the needs of industry through the development of the curriculum of colleges established in the original intent and purpose of the on demand came to be intellectually and socially. Reflect the needs of industrial on-site training is the development "of industrial units for each job through the job analysis is required in college to acquire job skills training to be a list of subjects and the importance of each subject and analyzed the incidence and Curriculum Development Reflected in and through which industry and the job comes from the college curriculum to eliminate the gap between research. Research-oriented job analysis methods commonly used in curriculum development, DACUM technique was used, through which subjects daebipyo skills, selection of the companies surveyed set of job model, job creation and the job description and job specification we analyze it using a group of experts to evaluate the interview and questionnaire via WEB to evaluate the results of the educational process.