• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.58
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• pp.179-204
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• 2021

Not only the consumption trend after the COVID-19 pandemic but also low financial interest rates have stimulated people to invest artworks. With the recent noticeable growth, art investments that mainly conducted by younger generation through online platform can be characterized by a fractional ownership in art market which means several people share one piece of artwork. This study explores 4 fractional ownership platforms in the domestic art market including Art Together, Art & Guide, Tessa, and Pica projects, using a business model canvas that describes nine key elements: Customer Segments, Value Proposition, Channels, Customer Relationships, Revenue Streams, Key Resources, Key Activities, Key Partners and Cost Structure. The four cases have similar business models, but the details of revenue streams are different. The key sources of revenue are the profit and commission of the work. Thus, maximizing the profit margin of artworks is the core of revenue streams, so selecting and purchasing highly profitable artworks are significant. Based on the analysis, there are 3 suggestions to continue fractional ownership platform businesses in art market successfully. First, it is required to have a long-term perspective on art investments, as a way to diverse asset portfolio. Second, business confidence should be increased to maintain customer loyalty. Third, the role of platforms as competent experts is important.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2014

In the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) protocol, a mobile node (MN) is a mobile device with a permanent home address (HoA) on its home link. The MN will acquire a care-of address (CoA) when it roams into a foreign link. It then sends a binding update (BU) message to the home agent (HA) and the correspondent node (CN) to inform them of its current CoA so that future data packets destined for its HoA will be forwarded to the CoA. The BU message, however, is vulnerable to different types of security attacks, such as the man-in-the-middle attack, the session hijacking attack, and the denial-of-service attack. The current security protocols in MIPv6 are not able to effectively protect the BU message against these attacks. The private-key-based BU (PKBU) protocol is proposed in this research to overcome the shortcomings of some existing MIPv6 protocols. PKBU incorporates a method to assert the address ownership of the MN, thus allowing the CN to validate that the MN is not a malicious node. The results obtained show that it addresses the security requirements while being able to check the address ownership of the MN. PKBU also incorporates a method to verify the reachability of the MN.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Using 8,499 observations from 5 years-1,878 firms panel data during 2014 to 2018 in Korean stock exchanges, this study examines the impact of National Pension's ownership on corporate philanthropic giving. The empirical study finds that National Pension's ownership has positive relations with the extent of corporate philanthropic giving in terms of the amounts per employee, the expenditures with respect to total asset and total sales, implying that National Pension plays a monitoring role in promoting target firms to increase the extent of corporate philanthropic giving, which lead to increase in target firms' long-term values. The empirical study also finds that when National Pension is a blockholder holding more than 5% ownership in the target firms, it has positive relations with the extent of corporate philanthropic giving in terms of the amounts per employee, the expenditures with respect to total asset, implying that it exercises disciplinary roles on focal firms in promoting the extent of corporate philanthropic giving in order to increase target firms' long-term values. The results overall support that National Pension plays positive effects on target firms in promoting the extent of corporate philanthropic giving, which lead to increase in target firms' long-term values.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Body ownership illusion (BOI), which means 'the illusion that a non-bodily object feels like my body', has been actively studied since the Rubber-hand Illusion showed that a person can feel a rubber hand like one's own hand. It has been proven that BOI can be elicited for virtual bodies in virtual reality. Although many studies have been examined the effect of visuomotor (VM) and visuotactile (VT) stimuli, which are mainly used for the elicitation of BOI, there were very limited studies that delivered both stimuli to the whole body at the same time. In this paper, we investigated how each stimulus affects BOI when delivering VM and VT stimulisimultaneously to the virtual avatar, and examined user experience that appears as presence, emotion, and virtual motion sickness. The results showed that BOI was high when VM is synchronous, but there was no significant difference according to VT levels. In the case of presence, it was confirmed that VT affects only when VM is synchronous, and in the case of emotion, both VM and VT affect valence, and in the case of virtual motion sickness, a statistical difference is not found.These results suggest that overall synchrony of VM is important factor in BOI with virtual avatars, but that the matching VT affects subjective experience such as presence when VM is synchronous.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

Data Replication makes distributed system and database system improved in availability and performance. But it is difficult to keep strict consistency in data update. Existing algorithms keep strict consistency, but have problems of cost a great deal and delay time. It is to introduce hybrid update propagation algorithm which permits eager update for original copy and propagates lazy update for other copies. Hybrid update propagation algorithm also permits group update in ownership. This algorithm menages replica version in order to control group update consistency. Consistency and performance is improved by combining eager update and lazy update with group ownership. Simulation shows improvement of transaction throughput and response time depending on application and execution environment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 1979

This survey was carried out to grasp the actual condition of a power tiller utilization . Now, the power tiller has become the leading machinery in the field of agriculture throughout the country . Two hundred farm houses, located in the provincial districts of Kimcheon and kum0rung, hav etaken part in the survey from October 1, 1976 to September 30, 1977. The results are summarized as follows . 1. The average size of cultivated land of a farm household in the districts surveyed was 1.77ha which was bigger than that of whole country. And the average age of power tiller drivers was analyzed in which only 105 of total drivers was on their 30's. 2. Distribution of a power tiller utilization was appeared to be 34.4% for transporting , 24% for tilling , 23% for pumping , 11.5% for threshing and 6.6% for spraying. 3. Frequency of a power tiller utilization was high during the month of June, July and October while it was low during February and December . 4. Distribution of repairing cost was 8.5% for trailer, 7.1% for throttle lever and 6.7% for casket, respectively. The annual cost for repairing was 5,290 won.5. The annual cost for using a power tiller was composed of 51.5% of fixed cost and 48.5% of operating cost. 6. Economic analysis showed that it was not economically practical for individual ownership of a power tiller on the farm surveyed. Therefore, custom operation and joint ownership by a few farmers were recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.763-764
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• 2017

The use of barcodes in mobile phones has become generalized, and barcodes are widely used in security-sensitive applications, including mobile payment and personal identification. Generally, images photographed by a mobile phone generate geometric distortion due to the shooting angle, resulting in low quality images. Embedding watermark for low quality images makes it difficult to satisfy transparency. To solve such problem, this paper focuses on the technique of embedding barcode images in the image taken by mobile phone and proposes barcode watermarking for protecting mobile-based ownership. The barcode watermark embedded in the image can be used to prove ownership since it is readable by a machine such as illegal copy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2022

The focus of the research is to determine the amount of financial information disclosure and the factors that influence it for non-financial enterprises listed on Vietnam's stock exchange. To evaluate the level of financial information disclosure, the study uses a set of disclosure indexes from the world's leading credit rating agency, Standard and Poor's (S&P). It makes some revisions in compliance with regulations for information disclosure on the Vietnam stock market. The study collects data in the form of annual reports for the year 2017-2020 from 350 non-financial firms listed on Vietnam's stock exchange and then uses a multivariate regression model to assess the effects of factors on the amount of financial information disclosure. The findings show that the size of the firm, the size of the board of directors, and foreign ownership all have a positive impact on financial transparency; however, the number of years the company has a negative impact. According to the findings of this study, companies with more total assets, a larger board of directors, and a higher rate of foreign ownership publish more financial information. Still, long-term listed companies on the stock exchange tend to disclose less.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.43-75
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• 2002

This study focuses on the factors that make the financial structure of hospitals in Korea different, and on recommended courses of action that could be very helpful to hospitals in maintaining a sound financial structure. Data used in this study were collected from 132 hospitals with complete general data of present conditions as well as financial statements. They were chosen from the 174 hospitals that passed the standardization audit undertaken by the Korean Hospital Association from 1996 to 2000 for the purpose of accrediting training hospitals. The dependent variable in this study is financial structure. It consists of liabilities as against total assets (total liabilities to total assets, short-term liabilities to total assets, long-term liabilities to total assets, short-term borrowings to total assets, long-term borrowings to total assets). The independent variables are ownership type, hospital type, location, whether or not a representative is a director of the hospital, the possibility of changing a hospital director, bed size, period of establishment, asset structure, profitability, growth, tax shields, business risk, competition. The factors that appear to have the strongest impact on the liabilities to total assets of all the hospitals sampled are ownership type, hospital type, profitability, tax shields, and business risk. It was found that not-for-profit private hospitals and for-profit private hospitals have more liabilities than public hospitals, and tertiary medical institutions have less liabilities than the secondary general hospitals. Moreover, hospitals earning more at the expense of high business risk have a distinct tendency to lower liabilities. Concerning the current ratio, it was found that factors such as ownership type, hospital type, period of establishment, asset structure, and business risk are the more significant variables. The current ratio of public hospitals is higher than that of both not-for-profit private hospitals and for-profit private hospitals, and the current ratio of tertiary medical institutions is higher than that of general hospitals. As business risk is higher in hospitals compared to other businesses, the current ratio becomes higher; this is because it is assumed that for fear of bankruptcy, hospitals lessen liabilities to total assets. On the other hand, as hospitals become older, the fixed assets to total assets become lower. It is remarkable that in hospitals, the factors affecting liabilities to total assets have an opposite regression coefficient sign against factors affecting current ratio. It brings out the same results borne out by the old financial theories and researches, in which a lot of the liabilities of hospitals are considered as the cause of worsening liquidity. Therefore, it is very important for hospitals to maintain a sound financial structure in order to survive using the rational acquisition and maintenance of capital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

This study aims to systematically review the candidate types for OECMs suitable for domestic conditions in areas related to the Korea Forest Service in order to achieve the goal of establishing the protected areas and OECMs system required by Post-2020 GBF, and to provide basic data for the establishment of the national protected areas system. As a result of the study, the selection criteria for OECMs were presented, and it was found that arboretums·botanical gardens, Natural Recreation Forests, and air holes may correspond to the Candidate Types for OECMs. As a result of evaluating the possible areas for OECMs based on the OECMs selection criteria, in the case of arboretums·botanical gardens, it is judged that only conservation areas can be designated as OECMs, except for areas mainly used by visitors of arboretums·botanical gardens that fall under the BGCI conservation type among national and public arboretums·botanical gardens. However, private and school arboretums·botanical gardens have personal property ownership, so it was judged to have no effective measures to control activities that may adversely affect biodiversity, which showed limitations in designation of OECMs. Natural Recreation Forests was found to meet the OECMs selection criteria. However, private forests have personal property ownership, which limits the designation of OECMs. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the function of in-situ conservation in order to meet the OECMs for private and school arboretums·botanical gardens, and private forests that have personal property ownership. To this end, effective measures are needed to achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes, and it is judged that legal control and corresponding support policies (incentives) are needed. In the case of air holes, for sustainable conservation, the management boundary of air holes should be clearly defined based on the preparation of laws and guidelines related to air holes. In addition, it is judged that it is desirable to designate the competent local forest office as the management authority and conduct periodic detailed surveys of air holes, establish and implement the conservation plans based on those.