• 한국농공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.23-44
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• 1988

The evaportranspiration of upland crops was measured by four types of lysimeter and water consumption characteristics together with the optimum irrigation point by the crops was defind. Among the evapotranspiration estimation formulas, the constant of wind function in the modified Penman equation was corrected to agree with the meteorological conditions of Korea. The evapotranspiration of the crops in the project standard year was estimated according to the cropping system of the project area in Chungju, and from the estimated evapotras - spiration, net duty of water per one time and irrigation in tervals were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The evapotranspiration of the same crop measured at the same plot was slightly different by the lysimetric methods, and among the four types of lysimeter, the accuracy of the floating lysimeter was the highest. 2. The yields among the watering treatments showed the significance of 5% in the expe- riment with red cabbage and Chinese cabbage, and significance of 1% in the crisphead lettuce, and the optimum irrigation point for the tested crops was defined ad pF 2.0 by the least squre difference test. 3. The evapotranspiration of the crops in the mid-season stage showed maximum among the growing stages, and the average daily evapotranspiration by the crops over the growing seasons of cabbage, crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, summer cucumber, tornato, salary and autumn cucumber was 4.18mm, 4.77mm, 3.9qrnm, 5.68mnn, joonim, 4.26mm and 3.3qrnn, respectively. 4. From the investigated soil moisture extration pattern(SMEP) of the crisphead lettuce, cucumber and tomato, the proportion of the first layer in the initial stage showed over so%, and the SMEP of the lowest fourth layer during the late-season stage in the experiment cabbage and Chinese cabbage was 15.8% and 16.9, respectively, with showed that the root elongated th the lowest soil layer. 5. The total available moisture(TAM) of clay loam was 21.2-23.3mm and that of sandy loam was 16.1 - 19.0mm under the optimum irrigation point of pF. 2.0, and the total readily available moisture( TRAM) of the crops cultivated in the clay loam soil was larger than that cultivated in the sandy loam soil, and the TRAM during the mid-and late-season were larger than that of the inital and crop development stage. 6. The estimated evapotranspration by the corrected Pennam equation, whkh corrected the constant of the wind function in the modified Penman equation, was nearly agreed with the actually measured evaporanspiration of grass. 7. Among the several evaportranspiration estimation methods, the evapotranspiration es- timated by the corrected Pennam equation was closed to the actual evapotranspiration of reference crop (grass) evapotranspiration, therefore it is suggested to use the corrected Penman equation to determine the duty of water of corps. 8. The average crop coefficient (Kc) of cabbage by the corrected Penman equation was 0.94 and that of crisphead lettuce, summer cucumber, tomato, salary, Chinese cabbage and autumn cucumber was 1.07, 1.22, 1.02, 1.01, 1.35, 1.09, respectively 9. The estimated total evapotranspiration of cabbage in the project area( Chungju) by the corrected Penman equation was 223.9mm and that of crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, summer cucumber, tomato, salary and auturun cucumber was 215.7mm, 205.9mm, 359.Omrn, 300.9mm, 332.lmm and 202.7mm, respectively. 10. The net duty of water per one time of the crops cultivated in the sandy loam soil, and the net duty of water per one time in the mid-season & late-season showed larger than that of the initial stage. 11. The shortest irrigation interval of cabbage in the project area was 4.2 days, and that of crisphead lettuce, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, tomato and salary was 1.2days, 2.3days, 1.8days, 2.2days and 2.7days, respectively.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.156-171
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• 1996

Background: Nosocomial infection control is one of important means to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital, however, it has been neglected by most of the hospital personnels. Of nosocomial infections, urinary tract infection is the highest incidence, which is related to the indwelling catheter. It is, therefore, necessary to pay primary attention to the patients with the indwelling catheter in intensive care unit in order to control nosocomial Infection and to improve the quality of medical care in the hospital. Methods : The subjects of this study were patients with indwelling catheter who were admitted to the ICU of Pusan Paik Hospital from March 1994 to May 1995. The author calculated UTI rate among the subjects through the cultivation of the urine, identified the related factors of the UTI through brain storming of study team and head nurses working at ICU, and analized the effectiveness of the proposed approaches through comparing the infection rates of before and after activities. Results : The major activities carried out by the study team were to conduct in-service education programs for the staffs working at ICU about the importance of the nosocomial infection control in QA, and nursing intervention to reduce the UTI rate among the patients with indwelling catether. 1. The major nursing interventions that the study team had implemented were as follows ; 1) Drainage system was changed from partial open system to completely closed system. 2) Bladder irrigation which was routinely practised in all patients stopped among the noninfected patients. 3) Bladder irrigation set was changed to the disposable one. 4) Catheter was inserted under the anesthesia for patients to be operated. 5) Male patient receiving wrapped with gauze after perineal care was not wrapped. 6) Clamp which had not been before was newly attached to drainage tube. 7) Urine bag which had been packed into a lot of pieces was done into each piece. 8) The interval of change of indwelling catheter had regularly been four weeks, however it was used continously until it worked well. 9) Catheter was attached well at the defined site. 10) Paper towel was used instead of cotton towel. 11) Mats at the entrance were removed and cleansing of wards was enhanced. 2. The UTI rate by month was 34.4% in maximum and 9.8% in minimum during the period of this study, however it had gradually decreased. After 6 months from initiating infection control activities, the trend of rates was relatively stable. It was identified that UTI rate was different by season 12.5% in winter and 27.2% in summer. 3. Utilization rate of indwelling catheter was maintained at under 50%, but it was increased above 57% from April 1995. 4. The number of bladder irrigation sets used per day was 33.3 sets in maximum and 2.8 sets in minimum. The number used per day were also remarkably deceased. Conclusion : It was found that a program to control UTI could contribute to nosocomial infection control, and it was, in turn, a mean to assure the quality of medical care in the hospital. The nursing interventions which this study team had implemented were effective in the reduce of UTI rates.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.492-496
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• 1990

비닐하우스 내의 좁은 공간을 입체적으로 활용하여 일시에 대량의 어린묘를 육묘코자 비닐하우스 내에 다단식 시렁을 설치하여 각 시렁 위치별로 묘소질과 본답생육 및 수량 검정을 실시하였던 결과 1. 시렁간격 20cm에서는 육묘일수 10일까지는 시렁 위치에 따른 묘소질에 큰 차이가 없었으나 12일 묘에서는 도장으로 이앙상태가 좋지 않았다. 2. 시렁간격 30cm에서는 육묘일수 12일에도 도장현상이 없었으나 문고병이 발생하기 시작하였다. 3. 관수일수간격 간에는 묘소질 및 이앙상태에 차이가 없었다. 4. 시렁위치에 따른 본답 생육 및 수량에도 차이가 없었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2005

우리나라의 수로교는 구조검토결과 내력부족이 없고 시공결함이 없으며, 사용된 재료나 기술 및 시공된 후의 환경상태 등 모든 조건이 동일함에도 균열, 붕괴 등 구조안전을 위협하는 하자가 대부분 일정간격으로 반복되고 있다. 하자 보수 후 채 손상의 발생은 물론 보수 전 양호하였던 인접교각에까지 손상이 확대되어 감은 물론 보수를 하지 않고 장기간 방치된 경우에도 손상은 확대되었다. 또한 철거 후 재시공한 곳에서도 손상이 반복되는 양상을 보였다. 철근콘크리트조 수로교가 불과 수년경과 후 발생될 수밖에 없었던 손상은 구조적인 결함 때문이 아니라 받침장치의 부식 및 신축유격의 부족 등 기능장치의 결함으로 [대기온도변화에 의한 수로의 길이 방향 신 축 변형의 누적] 이라는 손상 메커니즘의 결과 때문이었다. 따라서 원인과는 무관한 통상적인 방법으로 이루어진 보수는 재 손상이나 이의 확산은 필연적이므로 손상 메커니즘이 형성되지 않도록 설계 및 시공되어야 수로교의 안전 및 내구성 확보가 가능하게 된다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1598-1603
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• 1969

본실험(本實驗) 관개방법(灌漑方法)을 합리화(合理化) 시켜서 관개용수(灌漑用水)를 절약(節約)하고 보수력(保水力)을 증대(增大)시키는 동시(同時)에 증수(增收)를 꾀하는 방법(方法)으로서 시험결과(試驗結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양(土壤)의 이화학적성질(理化學的性質)에는 별차이(別差異)가 없었으며 관개수질(灌漑水質) 기타(其他) 기온(氣溫) 강우량등(降雨量等) 모든 값이 각처리구(各處理區)에 모두 동질(同質)이었다. 2. 엽간중(葉稈重)은 각처리구간(各處理區間)에 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. 밑다짐의 두께에 있어서는 9cm 두께구(區)가 다소(多少) 성적(成績)이 좋았으나 경제성(經濟性)으로 보아 3cm구(區)가 가장 적당(適當)한 것으로 생각된다. 4. 수량(收量)에 있어서는 밀집(區)가 우월(優越)하였으나 이것은 다비(多肥)의 효과(效果)가 발효(發效)된 것으로 보며 그내용한(耐用限)이 문제점(問題點)이며 $2{\sim}3$년(年)마다 반복작업(反復作業)을 해야 할것으로 보며 노력(勞力)이 많이 소요(所要) 될 것이다. 5. 금년도(今年度)에는 시험구작성관계(試驗區作成關係)로 인(因)하여 표토(表土)와 심토(心土)가 다소(多少) 이동혼합(移動混合) 되었을 것이므로 완성(完成)한 시험결과(試驗結果)인가 의문(疑問)되나 일주수수(一株穗數)와 일수입수(一穗粒數)의 변화(變化)에는 유의차(有意差)를 보였다. 6. 본시험(本試驗)은 밑다짐한 후(後) 보통재배법(普通栽培法)에 의(依)하여 관개(灌漑)하였는데 $5{\sim}6$일(日) 1회(回)의 관개(灌漑)로서 밑다짐90cm구(區)에서 44.9% 밑다짐6cm 구(區)에서 39.7% 밑다짐 3cm 구(區)에서 36.3%의 용수절약(用水節約)을 보았다. 7. 수량(收量)에 있어서 밀짚(區)가 23.8% 밑다짐 90cm 구(區)에서 20.1% 밑다짐3cm구(區)에서 12%의 증수(增收)를 보았고 비닐 $3cm/m^3$ 구멍구(區)에서 12.5%의 증수(增收)를 보았다. 8. 임실율(稔實率)이 양호(良好)하였으며 도정율(搗精率)이 75%로서 품질(品質)이 향상(向上)되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.204-207
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• 2007

서남부 간척지에서 벼 담수표면직파재배시 토양 염농도 별 파종전 후 합리적인 물관리 방법을 구명하고자 $2004{\sim}2005$년에 걸쳐 호남농업연구소 계화도출장소 시험포장인 세사양토(문포통)에서 남평벼를 공시하여 로타리 후 환수횟수와 파종 후 물관리 방법을 각기 달리하여 입모 및 쌀 수량등을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 저염토양에서는 로타리 후 1회 환수, 파종 후에는 낙수 관리해 주어야 입모가 양호하고 쌀 수량이 감소되지 않았다. 2. 중염토양에서는 로타리 후 3회 환수, 파종 후에는 담수관리 하되 2일 간격으로 환수를 실시해 주어야 입모가 양호하고 쌀 수량감소가 적었다. 3. 따라서 서남부 간척지에서 벼 담수표면직파재배시 입모 및 쌀 수량 등을 고려할 때 저염답에서는 로타리 후 1회 환수, 파종 후에는 낙수관리, 중염답에서는 로타리 후 3회 환수, 파종 후에는 담수관리하되 2일 간격으로 환수하는 것이 유리하다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2014

물 자원이 제한되거나 관수 설비가 갖추어지지 않은 곳에서 찰옥수수의 한발 피해를 줄이고자, 종실용 옥수수에 대한 수분 스트레스 경감 효과가 보고되어진 살리실산과 앱시식산의 처리 효과를 살펴보았다. 출웅기 9일 전부터 출웅 후 14일까지 관수를 중단하였으며, 생장조절제는 출웅기에 1회 처리하였다. 살리실산과 앱시식산의 처리 농도는 각각 0.5 mM과 0.1 mM이었다. 한발 처리에 의해 ASI가 3.0~3.3일 늘어났으며, 간장은 47~51 cm, 이삭장은 4.6~5.0 cm, 이삭경은 4.4~5.3 mm, 열수는 1.5~2.0개, 수량은 2.4~2.5 Mg/ha 줄었다. 살리실산과 앱시식산의 처리에 의한 한발 피해의 경감 효과는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 찰옥수수에 대한 살리실산과 앱시식산의 한해 경감 효과를 위해서는 수분 부족 스트레스를 받기 이전에 처리하거나, 저농도로 몇차례에 나누어 처리하는 것이 필요한 지에 대한 추후 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1454-1459
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• 1968

본(本) 실험(實驗) 실시(實施)함에 있어서 포장(圃場) 10a를 시공구(施工區) 5a, 대비구(對比區) 5a로 나누고 시공구(施工區)는 인력(人力)으로 터파기를 하는데 깊이 1m, 거리 5m 경사(傾斜) 200분지(分之)1로 하고 관경(管徑) 4.5cm의 plastic 제(製) 흡수관(吸水管) (Glass nylon filter 권(卷))을 시공구(施工區) 5a에 pipe 전소요량(全所要量)이 100m (2.5m, 40개)이며 배수조절용수갑(排水調節龍鬚閘)은 2개소(個所) 설치(設置)하여 관개기(灌漑期)에는 매일(每日) 오후(午後) 5시(時)에 개방(開放)하고 오전(午前) 6시(時)에 닫어 지온(地溫)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果), 평균(平均) $1.2^{\circ}C$ 상승(上昇)하고 비관개기(非灌漑期)는 맥류(麥類) 및 서류재배(薯類栽培)를 위(爲)해서 수갑(水閘)을 종일(終日)열어 배수(排水)의 목적(目的)을 달성(達成)시켜 서류(薯類) 및 맥류재배(麥類栽培)가 전연불가능(全然不可能)한 저온지(低溫地)가 재배가능(栽培可能)하였으나 배수(排水)와 지외(地外), 생육(生育), 수량(收量), 토양(土壤), 관개수질조사(灌漑水質調査)는 제이차(第二次) 시험(試驗)에서 취급(取扱)하기로 하겠다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the clinical characteristics and demographics of patients who suffered from hydrofluoric acid chemical injury and the mechanism of damage. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were exposed to hydrofluoric acid from March 2004 to March 2009 and who were seen at the emergency centers in two university teaching hospitals. Results: Forty four patients out of 47 patients suffered from chemical burn, while the injuries of the remaining 3 could not be identified by the medical records. A total of 17 hydrofluoric acid chemical injury patients were enrolled during the study period, and their mean age was $29.6{\pm}7.0$. All the patients were accidentally injured by contact with the material and none of them inhaled or ingested the material. Only 6 patients wore appropriate protective equipments and 5 underwent the water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. The most common exposure area was the hand and forearm (70.5%). Less than 1% of all of the patients had their total body surface (TBS) exposed to hydrofluoric acid (mean=0.35%). The mean time interval from calcium gluconate administration to pain relief was $33.6{\pm}8.8$ hours. Conclusion: When exposed to hydrofluoric acid, it is important to wear protective equipment and undergo water irrigation for more than 10 minutes. Pain and skin damage were observed in all the patients. After treatment, we concluded that administration of calcium gluconate and pain killers was successful in relieving pain, and the prognosis was also positive for the admitted and followed up patients when less than 1% of the TBS was exposed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

This paper aims at surveying through case studies the planting possibility on the interval artificial ground between the bank and the core landfill of the first section of works in the SUDOKWON Landfill area landfill area which was completed, followed by the layer-on-layer landfill process involving the latch or sealing layer against emitting landfill gas from the reclaimed waste. The survey results are as follows; 1. The layers of the artificial planting ground on the landfill were established on the basis of top-on-top procedure for a waste layer, a topping soil layer (T=50cm), a gas blocking layer (broken stones T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a sheet protecting soil layer (T=20cm), and a blocking layer (HDPE SHEET 2.0mm), an irrigation layer (SAND T=30cm), a filter layer (non-woven fabric 700g), a planting layer (T=90cm+), a top mound (T=2m). 2. Since no direct damage on the planting layer affected by the landfill gas was detected, planting is found to be still possible and successful except the severely unequal subsidence portion. 3. The mortality rate is discovered different on different trees: Pinus thunbergii (H3.0$\times$W1.0m) 11.25%, Pinus thunbergii (H2.5$\times$W0.8m) 4.73%, Koelreuteira paniculata 8.67%, Hibiscus syriacus 5.68%, Deutzia parviflora 6.50%, Forsythia koreana 8.17%, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanese 32.22%, and Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia 18.89%; although the last two of which are generally considered to have a strong generic growing character, they are subject to be weakened when exposed to the contaminated microclimate of the site like landfill gas. 4. The damage rates, on Pinus thunbergii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Hibiscus syracus, Forsythia koreana, Deutzia parviflora, Rho. yedoense v. poukhanense were shown to decrease to 7.31-17.69% in the second check (June 2000) lower than 5.77-46.92% in the first examination (June 1999), whereas the damage on Spiraea pru v. symplicifolia relatively increased. It is believed that preparatory method of the air pollution, change of temperature, odor by emitting landfill gas, and minute dust from vehicles should be made, and a research on this matter will be conducted in the near future.