• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.139-154
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• 1998

This study investigates the change of marriage expense after IMF crisis according to the social classes. The dta were gathered in Taegu city about marriage expense from newly-married people and parent peneration during April 1998. Through the analysis of that dta we identified the reducing of the 'bubble' in marriage consumption after the IMF crisis. but that change was different according to the classes. The most steep drop of marriage expense was fall to upper-middle classes while upper classes revealed a rising tendency and lower-middle & lower classes' stable tendency in marriage expense. These results were interpretered as the 'polarization of consumption' and 'the collapse of middle classes' after IMF crisis.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.156-172
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• 2001

Financial ratio indicators of the 73 sample hospitals provided by the Korea Hospital Association in 1998-1999, together with the data by the Korea Health Industry Development Institute in 1007, were analysed to identify the financial structure and managerial performance of the profit/loss-making hospitals under the IMF. The major findings of this study were as belows. 1. Among the general characteristics, there was a statistical significance in the hospital location and the number of operating beds between profit-making hospitals and loss-making hospitals. 2. Financial ratio indicators of the profit-making hospitals were better than those of the loss-making hospitals. 3. Financial ratio indicators, including Liquidity, Performance Indicators and Growth Rate Indicators of profit-making hospitals, were better than those of loss-making hospitals except for Turnover Ratios under the IMF economic impasse.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.318-322
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• 2015

In the modern pork industry, selection of high intramuscular fat (IMF) in pigs is necessary to improve pork quality. Ultrasound has been used previously to predict subcutaneous fat thickness and IMF in the longissimus muscles of line pigs and Real-time ultrasound has also been reported as a reliable method for estimating IMF in live pigs. So we estimate the correlation between meat quality traits and IMF percentage to investigate the possibility of utilizing real-time ultrasound technology for predicting IMF percentage in line pigs to improve pork quality. The genetic and phenotypic correlations for chemical intramuscular fat (CIMF) and ultrasound intramuscular fat (UIMF) were estimated to be 0.75 and 0.76, respectively. These results suggest that genetic factors strongly influence meat quality. The genetic and phenotypic correlation between UIMF and CIMF were 0.75, 0.76, respectively. The heritability of UIMF and CIMF were 0.48 and 0.50, respectively. So we concluded that CIMF can be replaced with UIMF and Ultrasound machines can be used to test IMF in live swine. In future, UIMF can be utilized to improve pork quality as an alternative to CIMF.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2008

Purpose: The choice of open versus closed reduction for mandibular subcondylar fracture is a debatable issue. To evaluate the advantage of open approach to closed method with IMF(intermaxillary fixation), we conducted a retrospective study to compare the outcomes of each method. Methods: From 2002 to 2006, 29 patients with mandibular subcondylar fractures were treated by open or closed reduction. 17 patients were treated by open reduction and 12 patients by closed reduction and IMF. Each group was assessed for duration of mandibular immobilization, incidences of buccal palsy, malocclusion, TMJ(temporomandibular joint) pain, and deviation of the mandible on mouth opening. Results: All cases showed accurate reduction in anatomical position, no significant displacement and no deviation on mouth opening during the follow-up period. IMF period is statistically shorter in open reduction (p<0.05). Differences in incidence of other complications were not significant statistically. Conclusion: As there are significant independent morbidities associated with IMF which requires postoperative rehabilitation, prolonged temporomandibular immobilization should not be overlooked. Some patients with poor compliances will not tolerate IMF in nonsurgical treatment. In the aspect of patient's convenience and early recovery by short IMF period, open reduction would be recommended as a better treatment method.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.149-164
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cases of IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde to discuss power dressing characteristics represented in the fashion style of women political leaders. Study methods included literature reviews on the theoretical background of Christine Lagarde's Political Leadership formation and the power dressing of women political leaders. The results of the study were as follows. First, governor Christine Lagarde's fashion styles worn at formal events were summarized into suits, bags, scarves and jewelry. Clothing type was found to be 98% suits, 5% dress with the colors black, gray and white being worn the most, 84% were achromatic, blue tones and vivid tones were about 16%. Faborite accessories included scarves, jewelry and luxury bags. Scarves were higher frequency utilization at 51% of the total wear. Second, characteristics of power-dressing appearring as fashion styles were summarized as wealthy, honorable, having political power, being, charismatic or, feminine. Luxury suite luxury brands holds a sense of power with many believing they wealth, honor and charisma. Luxury bags, V-zone ornaments of scarves and, jewelry are items of power that people often wear in order to charisma and a symbol of power. They are also, used as an important element in portraying confidence and leadership as IMF governors.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

In this paper, the characteristic of intrinsic mode function(IMF) and its orthogonalization of ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD), which is often used in the analysis of the non-linear or non-stationary signal, has been studied. In the decomposition process, the orthogonal IMF of EEMD was obtained by applying the Gram-Schmidt(G-S) orthogonalization method, and was compared with the IMF of orthogonal EMD(OEMD). Two signals for comparison analysis are adopted as the analytical test function and El Centro seismic wave. These target signals were compared by calculating the index of orthogonality(IO) and the spectral energy of the IMF. As a result of the analysis, an IMF with a high IO was obtained by GSO method, and the orthogonal EEMD using white noise was decomposed into orthogonal IMF with energy closer to the original signal than conventional OEMD.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1493-1498
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• 2014

Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation status, may regulate adipogenesis and lipogenesis, thus affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of beef cattle. In Korean cattle steers, the LM consists mainly of muscle tissue. However, the LM tissue also contains IMF. We compared the gene expression levels between the IMF and muscle portions of the LM after tissue separation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the mRNA levels of both adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform 1 (PPARG1) and lipogenic fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were higher (p<0.01) in the IMF than in the muscle portion of the LM. We determined DNA methylation levels of regulatory regions of the PPARG1 and FABP4 genes by pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. DNA methylation levels of two of three CpG sites in the PPARG1 gene promoter region were lower (p<0.05) in the IMF than in the muscle portion of the LM. DNA methylation levels of all five CpG sites from the FABP4 gene promoter region were also lower (p<0.001) in the IMF than in the muscle portion. Thus, mRNA levels of both PPARG1 and FABP4 genes were inversely correlated with DNA methylation levels in regulatory regions of CpG sites of the corresponding gene. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation status regulates tissue-specific expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes in the IMF and muscle portions of LM tissue in Korean cattle.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2002

The instability in the current financial market caused consumers a lot of difficulties in their financial decision making. The purpose of this study is to classify the changes in household portfolios during the economic crisis under IMF-trusteeship (IMF Crisis hereafter), and to examine the characteristics of the households according to the types of household portfolio changes. The data were taken from 1996 and 1999 Korean Household Panel Studies, and 1,293 households were selected for the final analysis. Methods of analysis included frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, F-tests, and t-tests. Major findings are as follows: 1. In the midst of the financial market changes during the period of the IMF crisis, consumers tended to manage their household portfolio differently according to their household characteristics. 2. The changes of household portfolio can be classified into two different types: the changed type (44.4%) and the unchanged type(55.6%). There are significant differences in the level of wealth, family life cycle stage, housing tenure, and the household head's job, between the changed type and the unchanged type. The family members of the unchanged type are more likely to be older and relatively wealthy compared with the families in the changed type. 3. The changes of household portfolio can be further classified into six different types: the unchanged-liquidity type (21%), the unchanged-multiplication type (24.6%), the unchanged-insurance type (9.8%), the changed-to-liquidity type (13.9%), the changed-to-multiplication type (13.0%), and the changed-to-insurance type (17.5%). There are significant differences in income level, wealth level, family life cycle stage, housing tenure, and the job of household head among the six types of changes.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.429-449
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 지난 30년간의 한국 해외직접투자 자료를 이용하여 투자유형과 제도적 거리가 해외직접투자의 의사결정에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 한국기업의 해외직접투자 총액을 종속 변수로 시장추구, 효율성추구, 전략적자산 추구, 자원추구와 같은 투자유형과 경제적 거리, 정치적 거리, 문화적 거리와 같은 제도적 거리를 독립변수로 하여 패널분석을 시행하였다. 분석결과, 한국기업들은 시장추구(시장크기), 효율성추구, 전략적자산 추구를 위해 해외직접투자를 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, 제도적 거리 중 경제적 거리가 해외직접투자에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, IMF 외환위기 전후로 해외직접투자 결정요인의 변화에 대해서도 비교분석 하였다. 분석결과, IMF 외환위기 이전에는 시장추구, 전략적자산 추구를 위해 해외직접투자를 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, IMF 외환위기 이후에는 시장추구(절대적 시장크기, 시장성장률), 전략적자산 추구형 투자와 아울러 효율성 추구형 투자를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, IMF 외환위기 이전과는 다르게 제도적 요인 중 경제적 거리 변수인 투자대상국의 FDI 투자에 대한 개방성, 투자국과의 교역량이 해외직접투자와 양(+)의 유의적 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농약정보
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• 제21권6호통권159호
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• pp.22-24
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• 2000