• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 1997

This study measured the ignition limits of methane-air, propane-air, ethylene-air, and hydrogen-air mixture gases by discharge spark of D.C. power resistive circuit. The used experimental device is the IEC type spark ignition test apparatus, it consists of explosion chamber and supply -exhaust system of mixture gas. Mixture gases (methane-air, propane-air, ethylene-air, and hydrogen-air) were put into explosion chamber of IEC type spark ignition test apparatus, then it was confirmed whether ignition was made by 3,200 times of discharge spark between tungsten electrode and cadmium electrode. The ignition limits were found by increasing or decreasing the value of current. For the exact experiment, the ignition sensitivity was calibrated before and after the experiment in each condition. The ignition limits were found by changing the value of concentration of each gas-air mixture in D.C. 24 [V] resistive circuit. As the result of experiment, it was found that the minimum ignition limit currents exist at the value of methane-air 8.3 [$Vol\%$], propane-air 5.25[$Vol\%$], ethylene-air 7.8 [$Vol\%$], and hydrogen-air 21[$Vol\%$] mixture gases. For each the minimum ignition concentration of gases, the relationships between voltage and minimum ignition current were found. The results are as follows. - The minimum ignition limits are decreasing in the order of methane, propane, ethylene, and hydrogen. - The value of ignition current is inversely proportional to the value of source voltage. - The minimum ignition limit currents increase sharply at more than 2 [A]. The reason is caused by overheating the electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

In the hazardous areas where explosive gases, vapor or mists exist, electrical apparatus and installations must be the explosion-proof construction to prevent or limit the danger of the ignition of potentially explosive atmosphere. In Korea, nine types of protection have been specified in the government regulations at present: flameproof enclosure, pressurization, oil immersion, increased safety, intrinsic safety, non-incendive, powder filling, encapsulation, and special types. Among these types, the intrinsic safety has the construction which limit or by-pass igniting the electric energy using electronic devices. This type has lots of merits but at the same time requires a high-degree of technology. In this paper, we investigated several dominating factors which affect the minimum ignition energy; this energy plays a very important role in design and evaluation of the intrinsic safety type electrical apparatus. Electrode material, which is one of the most important factors, was intensively studied for the five sorts of material(Al, Cd, Mg, Sn, and Zn) with performing experiment in a low-voltage inductive circuit using IEC-type(International Electro-technical Commission) spark apparatus. The experimental results show that the minimum ignition energy of electrode material is varied: highest in Cd and lowest in Sn. We also confirmed the effect of electrode make-and-break speed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

Now the world will regulate the CO2 emission due to environmental issues. For an alternative plan photovoltaic system is watched. So, photovoltaic system is trend of big city and it is mandatory for renovation of construction. Oil & gas filling station existed in city is suitable to found the photovoltaic system. But the general photovoltaic system in oil & gas filling station is difficult to found because it is classified into hazardous area. This paper evaluates intrinsic safety evaluation of solar cell for making basic data to found for the photovoltaic system on hazardous area. The intrinsic safety characteristic is evaluated by short-circuit ignition test using IEC type spark ignition test apparatus and temperature rising test. The result of short-circuit ignition test, propane-air mixture gas is exploded on condition that 4 solar cells(9[V], 90[mA]) are connected serially under insolation 800[W/$m^2$]. So, if a larger solar module will be used at oil & gas filling station than we were tested, it needs explosion proof. As the result of rising temperature test, the temperature rising due to short circuit is not so much, but when the temperature rises due to radiant heat, it demands careful consideration for environmental influence.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1394-1397
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• 1995

In the hazardous areas where explosive gases, vapor or mists exist, electrical apparatus and installations must be of explosion-proof construction to prevent or limit the danger of the ignition of potentially explosive atmosphere. In Korea, nine types of protection have been specified in the government regulations at present: flameproof enclosure, pressurization, oil immersion, increased safety, intrinsic safety, non-incendive, sand filling, encapsulation, and special types. Among these types, the intrinsic safety has the construction which limit or by-pass igniting the electric energy using electronic devices. This type has lots of merits but at the same time requires a high-degree of technology. In this paper, we investigated several dominating factors which affect the minimum ignition energy: this energy plays a very important role in design and evaluation of the intrinsic safety type electrical apparatus. Eletrode material, which is one of the most important factors, was intensively studied for the five sorts of material(Al, Cd, Mg, Sn, and Zn) with performing experiment in a low-voltage inductive circuit using IEC-type spark apparatus. The experimental results show that the minimum ignition energy of electrode material is varied: highest in Cd and lowest in Sn. We also confirmed the effect of eletrode make-and-break speed and magnetic field magnitude.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.14-20
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• 2010

This paper was studied on the explosion hazard by spark discharge of the lithium-ion battery. The experimental samples were chosen lithium-ion battery(general, notebook) which were used for source of portable equipment. The IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) type spark ignition test apparatus and experimental gases such as methane, propane, ethylene or hydrogen were used for explosiveness test. It was confirmed through the experiment that the explosion hazard by spark discharge. Also, it was used thermal imager for confirm that spontaneous ignition possibility by short-circuit. As the result, this paper verified that lithium-ion battery should be used and designed by special attention safety in the hazardous zone which is existed explosiveness gas.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2004

This paper describes the minimum ignition limits for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gases in low voltage inductive circiuts. The improved effects on the ignition limit are studied by parallel safety components(resistors) for propane-air 5.25 Vol.% mixture gas in low voltage inductive circuits. The experimental devices used in this test are the IEC type spark ignition test apparatus. The minimum ignition limits are controlled by the values of current in inductive circuit. Energy supplied from electric source is first accumulated at the inductance, it's extra energy is working as ignition source of the explosive gas. The improved effects on the ignition limit are respectively obtained as the maximum rising rate of 330% by composing parallel circuits between inductance and resistor as compared with disconnecting inductance with the safety components. The more values of inductance increase the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. The less values of resistor the higher improved effects of ignition limit rise. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof machines which are applied equipment and detectors used in dangerous areas but also for datum for its equipment tests.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1543-1546
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• 1994

Ignitabilility of explosive gas mixture by spark of dry cell in case of short circuit by accident was studied for the purpose of evaluation of intrinsically safe characteristics of dry cell that manufactured in Korea. IEC type spark test apparatus, $21{\pm}2$ Vol% of hydrogen - air mixture, and dry cell that produced in Korea was used for the experiment. The result of this research could be used for design, manufacturing, and using the intrinsically safe electrical apparatus.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1854-1856
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• 1996

This study describes the minimum ignition limit for LPG-Ai-r mixtures by switching sparks in radio-frequency limits using RF power supply and IEC type ignition spark apparatus. As a result, the minimum ignition limit voltage is increased in proportional to the rate of increasing of frequency in LPG-Air mixed gas. Especially, increment between 10[kHz] and 30[kHz] is typical. It is considered that ignition is caused by one discharge until 10 [kHz] and, beyond 10[kHz] ignition is caused by more than two discharges. The reason is analysed that energy loss is caused by existing pause interval between discharges.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.32-39
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• 2004

This papers describes on the experimental consideration for the intrinsically-safe explosion-proof capability of rechargeable battery's body about main item rechargeable battery and cellular phone battery which is selling in domestic that IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) recommend the measurement of ignition limit by short circuit of rechargeable battery and temperature increase test to use a explosion grade Group IIC type of explosion-proof type apparatus test an object of hydrogen gas. Because of that there are many different results for existence or nonexistence for ignition by different company and different types. It is concluded that the maximum of self temperature increasing by spark circuit of rechargeable battery is $180^{\circ}C$ in case of Nickel-Hydrogen and $110^{\circ}C$ in case of Nickel-Cadmium. The reaction of cellular battery for external temperature have following processes. It is confirmed that the temperature of reaction is rise slantly as the ambient temperature rising, then exterior shape of one is swell up and change when the temperature of ambient reach to about $130\~140^{\circ}C$, and when reach to about $160^{\circ}C$ the battery is blown up. Therefore, it is considered that have to be in considering selection of rechargeable battery using in itself due to different ignition limits of various rechargeable battery when the portable electric containing rechargeable battery are designed, produced and used, the characteristics and the proper safety factors of devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

This paper describes the minimum ignition limit voltages for LPG-Air 5.25[Vol$\%$] mixture gas by discharge sparks in radio-frequency limits using RF power supply and IEC type ignition spark apparatus. As a result, the minimum ignition limit voltages is increased in proportional to the rate of increasing of frequency in LPG-Air mixture gas. Especially, the minimum ignition limit voltages increase remarkably between 3[KHz] and 10[KHz]. It is considered that ignition is caused by one discharge until 3[KHz] and, beyond 3[KHz] ignitiof is caused by more than two discharges. The reason is analyzed that energy loss is caused by existing pause interval between discharges. It is considered that the result can be used for not only data for researches and development of intrinsically safe explosion-proof RF machines which are applied tole-equipments and detectors used in dangerous areas but also for datum for its equipment tests.