• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.214-217
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• 2010

DDoS(distributed denial of service)공격은 1990년 중반에 처음 나타나기 시작하여 1,2세대 네트워크 자체에 대한 트래픽 폭주형태의 공격에서부터 3세대 봇넷을 이용하여 특정 서버와 특정서비스를 마비시키기 위한 공격을 거쳐 4세대의 분산 형식의 C&C를 이용하는 공격의 유형으로 발전 하고 있다. DDoS공격은 점점 지능화 되고 있으며 기존의 IDS(Intrusion Detection System) 시스템을 이용한 탐지방법으로 공격을 탐지하기에는 어려움이 존재한다. 본 논문은 IDS시스템을 보다 더 지능화시키기 위한 논문으로 IDS는 내부시스템으로부터 쿼리를 넘겨받아 업데이트를 수행하고 업데이트를 수행함과 동시에 라우터에게 C&C서버로부터 나오는 패킷을 차단하도록 알려 준다. 즉, IDS에서 일어나는 False Negative문제를 줄여줌으로써 DDoS 공격에 대하여 Zombie시스템을 생성하지 못하도록 하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있으며 점점 지능화되어 가고 있는 DDoS공격에 대하여 차단을 하고자 하는 방향성을 제시하고 있다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.10
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• pp.2501-2511
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• 1997

This paper presents an authentication model for security on satellite command & control communications. The proposed authentication scheme is based on the modified Shamir's signature scheme using a satellite ID(Identity) and the model uses time stamp for protection of command replay attack from unauthorized center. The message authentication with command counter that includes an available key and the algorithm is for loading and execution of commands in the model. Two-way scheme for key change and confirmation between satellite control center and satellite is also proposed.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.135-146
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• 2022

포스트 코로나시대에는 다가올 디지털 인프라 사회에서의 스마트시티에서 안전하고 편리한 사이버 경제활동을 구현하기 위해서는 특히 비대면 디지털 환경에서 바이오인식기술의 중요성은 증대될 것으로 전망된다. 이에 따라 바이오인식 관련 국제표준화기구인 ISO/IEC JTC1 SC37(Biometrics)/SC27(Security)과 ITU-T SG17 Q10(ID Management & Telebiometrics) 등 바이오인식기술 국제 표준화 동향과 아시아바이오인식협의회(Asian Biometric Consoritum) 사실 표준화 현황을 면밀히 분석하여, 모바일기기·웨어러블 디바이스 응용분야, 디지털 헬스케어분야, 자율주행 응용분야, 국제공통·국가공용 ID카드분야, 동물보호 공학분야 등 미래의 스마트시티에서 활용될 바이오인식기술에 대한 전망과 함께 관련되는 국제표준에 대한 주요내용과 적용분야를 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 향후 디지털 사회로의 대전환 시대가 도래함에 따른 생체인식기술을 적용한 스마트시티의 발전전망을 고찰하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1465-1468
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• 2008

모바일 에드혹 네트워크(MANET)에서 익명 라우팅을 위해 각 노드가 익명ID를 이용하여 MAC 단에서 익명으로 서로를 인증하고 네트워크 단에서 익명 라우팅 수행하는 AODV 기반의 라우팅 기법이 제안된바 있다[4]. 하지만 기존의 제안된 방법은 익명ID가 변경될 때마다 페어링 연산을 통해 재인증을 해야 하며, 라우팅 경로 중간의 노드들은 메시지의 연결성을 없에게 위해 매홉마다 암·복호화를 반복하여 상당히 비효율적이다. 본 논문은 기존논문의 노드 인증 기법을 확장하여 실제 메시지의 교환과정에서 일어나는 홉 간 암호화 횟수를 줄이고, 임시 인증값을 이용한 노드 상호간의 빠른 인증 기법을 사용하여 노드간의 인증과 익명성을 보장하는 보다 효율적인 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.349-355
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• 2017

The amino acid composition of rice is a major concern of rice breeders because amino acids are among the most important nutrient components in rice. In this study, a genetic map was constructed with a population of 134 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Dasanbyeo (Tongil-type indica) and TR22183 (temperate japonica), as a means to detect the main and epistatic effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the amino acid content (AAC). Using a linkage map which covered a total of 1458 cM based on 239 molecular marker loci, a total of six main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) was identified for the content of six amino acids that were mapped onto chromosome 3. For all the M-QTLs, the TR22183 allele increased the trait values. The QTL cluster (flanked by id3015453 and id3016090) on chromosome 3 was associated with the content of five amino acids. The phenotypic variation, explained by the individual QTLs located in this cluster, ranged from 10.2 to 12.4%. In addition, 26 epistatic QTLs (Ep-QTLs) were detected and the 25 loci involved in this interaction were distributed on all nine chromosomes. Both the M-QTLs and Ep-QTLs detected in this study will be useful in breeding programs which target the development of rice with improved amino acid composition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2013

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important healthcare-associated infection since last two decades. ChromID VRE agar (cIDVA) is useful for VRE rectal swab screening. We investigated all VRE were isolated on the cIDVA. A total of 363 rectal swabs of 85 patients to test VRE screening were inoculated into bile-esculin (B-E) broth with $6{\mu}g/mL$ vancomycin. After 24 hours incubation, we subcultured B-E broths were changed to black onto cIDVA. All isolates were identified by the MICROSCAN and VITEK2. The vanA gene and vancomycin minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) were detected by PCR and E-test respectively. 277 E. faecium (84.7%), 16 E. faecalis (4.9%), 25 E. avium (7.6%), 8 E. gallinarum (2.4%) and 1 E. raffinosus (0.3%) were isolated. 10.3% of VRE detected on cIDVA were other than E. faecium and E. faecalis that presented various color from colorless to pale violet. All isolates contained vanA and vancomycin MIC were > $256{\mu}g/mL$. VRE isolates other than E. faecium and E. faecalis should be objective to the contact precautions for healthcare-associated infection control if they possess vanA gene. Due to emerging enterococci carrying vanA such as E. avium, E. gallinarum, and E. raffinosus, VRE surveillance should be expanded to all isolates on chromogenic agar.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

Domestic Kori-1 MCR was partially modified in 2007 and will be renovated entirely in 2013. Digital devices partially replacing original analog devices have been introduced and standard alone computer systems such as SPDS have been integrated into the plant computer. Upgrading KSNP's MCR based on the ditalization is planned for 2015. However, the site engineers and operators are reluctant to the advanced systems. Therefore, a prototype for the KSNP's advanced MCR has been developed to increase the acceptance level of the operators and field engineers and also, to evaluate user interfaces and I&C architecture. For enhancing support of the operators' work, a P&ID based display system composed of multi-layers, which are linked through a context sensitive menu each other, has been adopted. The $1^{st}$ layer displays a simplified P&ID, the $2^{nd}$ layer control related diagrams such as controllers and logic diagrams, the $3^{rd}$ layer trends, etc. The end point view of MCR for KSNP is also suggested considering reliability and operability of the digital systems. Additionally, modernization strategies over the overhaul periods, that do not have much impact on operation and configuration efforts are suggested.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.401-413
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• 1996

Facial vertical dyscrepancies is decided on the relationship between the anterior vertical facial height and posterior vertical facial height. Thus this study was conducted to determine the factors that affect the FHI, and classify the Class II div.1, malocclusion, which success is dependent on the vertical control according to the FHI, which is the ratio of antero-inferior facial height, posterio-inferior facial height ratio, and to use this as a guideline for treatment. Angle between palatal plane and Mandibular plane were in the order of RH, ID. Thus showing that interrelated angle was more inportant than the independent angle of both, palatal plane and Mandibular plane. The tendency of Cl II div.1. Malocclusion according to FHI, showed the Low group to have Mx. protrusion, prominent development of Mn. ramus, and the Mn. body length and ant. post. position was normal. The Normo group showed slight protrusion of the Maxilla,. The development of the ramus was less than normal and the Mn. was in a slight retruded position. The High group showed the Mx. in a normal position, the development of the Mn. ramus and body was the lowest, and the Mn. was in a posterior position. In observation of the factors affecting the FHI between each groups of Cl II div.l, malocclusion; In the Low group the MP- PP angle was very small, the ID was smililar to the normal group, but the RH was very large thus the FHI was increased. In the Normo group, the PP-MP angle was normal, ID was slightly smaller than the normal group and the RH was slightly smaller than the normal group, thus maintaining a normal FHI ratio. In the High group the PP-MP angle was very large, the ID was similar to the normal group, but the RH was smaller than the normal group thus the FHI was small.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1997

Two new dimeric phenolic conjugates, 2,3-di-O-dehydrodigallicmonocarboxyl-$({\alpha},{\beta})$-$^4C_1$-glucopyranose and ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethylether-4-0-$SO_3K$ were isolated from the debarked heart wood of Tamarix tetragyna (Tamaricaceae) along with the known phenolic compounds, isoferulic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, gallic acid 4-methyl ether, syringic acid, ellagic acid 3,3'-dimethyl ether and ellagic acid. All structures were determined mostly by ESI-MS, ID and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.287-296
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• 1995

Wets ([4],[5],[6]) considered single objective linear two-stage programming problem under uncertainty with complete recourse. Artstein, Dupacova, Romisch, Schultz and Wets studied stability of this problem id depth. But in many real world problems to make best decision, we need multiple objective functions. So we consider the following multiple objective two-stage programming problems with complete fixed recourse.