• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2019

Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense belong to the sebum species. Especially, Sedum takesimense is a Korean native species growing only on Ullenung-do. Few studies for the biological activities of these plants have been reported. In this study, we examined biological activity and the contents of functional components of the aerial part and the root part of Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense. As the results, the roots of Sedum takesimense showed the highest total phenolic contents (TPC : $13040{\pm}50.0mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$), and the aerial part of Sedum takesimens showed the highest total flavonoid contents (TFC : $2722.2{\pm}107.1mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). Meanwhile, Sedum middendorffianum exhibited the highest anti-oxidant activity (DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $50.69{\pm}0.75{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of root part : $27.27{\pm}0.55{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$; ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $11.32{\pm}0.38{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of roots part $5.54{\pm}0.02{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The root part of Sedum middendorffianum showed the potent alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $60.69{\pm}0.72{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In order to elucidate active principle of Sedum middendorffianum that was shown the most potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, the methanol extract of Sedum middendorffianum was fractionated with various solvents according to the polarity successively. As a result, EtOAc fraction of Sedum middendorffianum showed the highest contents of functional components (TPC : $16245.8{\pm}1025.7mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, TFC : $4850.4{\pm}182.9mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). And it also showed excellent anti-oxidant activities (DPPH $RC_{50}$ : $14.0{\pm}0.6{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ : $3.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and anti-diabetic activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $79.0{\pm}2.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). Above results suggest that Sedum middendorffianum can be developed to health functional material as a plant resource with potent antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 2015

Particulate matter (PM) has emitted in many regions of the world and is causing many health-related problems. Thus reasonable politics and solutions are needed to reduce PM in Seoul. Further it is required to clearly explain the major portions of chemical components contained in $PM_{10}$ to figure out the characteristics of $PM_{10}$, and to develop effective reduction measures in order to decrease the adverse effects of $PM_{10}$. $PM_{10}$ samples were collected in Seoul and analyzed their ions to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of ionic species. Since hydrogen ion ($H^+$) and carbonate ion (${CO_3}^{2-}$)) cannot be analyzed by Ion chromatography (IC), concentrations of $H^+$ and ${CO_3}^{2-}$ were initially estimated by pH and equivalent differences between anions and cations in this study. Starting from the study findings, good combination results for compositional patterns between anions and cations were obtained by applying a mathematical modelling technique that was based on the mass balance principle. The ions in $PM_{10}$ were combined with $H^+$, ${CO_3}^{2-}$, and supplement for $NO_3{^-}$, $Cl^-$ formed such compounds $NH_4Cl$, $NH_4NO_3$, $CaSO_4$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NaNO_3$, NaCl, $Na_2CO_3$, and $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ in the study area.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.254-258
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• 1997

To examine the characteristics of the antioxidative property of Buckwheat components, acetone extracts from a buckwheat, Suwon 5, was fractionated using five solvents. Hexane, ethylacetate, ether, butanol and water fractions were obtained. Butanol fraction showed the greatest electron donating ability and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. It also showed the most excellent activity in the superoxide radical scavenging activity by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c reduction system. Spectrophotogram of butanol fraction was similar to that of rutin. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was related to the contents of rutin. Inhibitory effect of each fraction on xanthine oxidase was also measured. Butanol fraction had the strongest inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and $IC_{50}\;was\;3.1\;{\mu}g$. The inhibition type of butanol fraction on xanthine oxidase turned out to be a mixture of the uncompetitive and non-competitive modes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.207-214
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• 2004

This study was investigated antioxidatve activity for the purpose of developing antioxidant from Morus bombycis Koidzumi. Antioxidant activities of four different organs of Morus bombycis Koidzumi such as fruit, leaf, stem, and root were examined by radical scavenging effect with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). 80% methanol extract from the stem showed strongly antioxidative activity and 80% Ethanol extracts from the root, stem, and fruit had high antioxidative activity among 24 samples tested. The 80% ethanol extract has strong absorbency at UVA region (350 nm). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction exhibited antioxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ of $15.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ similar to those of synthetic antioxidant, BHT The EtOAc fraction has a good absorbency property as synthetic filter. In the absorbance of various extracts, the 80% ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from the root of Morus bombycis Koidzumi showed higher absorbancy at 285 nm. The ethyl acetate fraction from the root of Morus bombycis Koidzumi contained total phenolic compounds of 654.8 mg/100 g. These results indicate that phenolic compounds are the major was biological components in the root of morus bombycis Koidzumi extracts. Considering these biological activities, the extracts of Morus bombycis Koidzumi showed a possibility to be used as a new material for natural anti-oxidants and substitutes for synthetic UV sunscreen agents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2008

This survey was conducted to investigate the functional quality characteristics of garlic based on different soil conditions (Pyungan, Maji, Anmi, Yuga, and Songjung soils). The Pyungan, Maji, and Anmi soils from the Danyang area showed high levels of pH, organic matter, available $P_2O_5$, and inorganic components. For the functional compositions of the garlic harvested from the different soil conditions, the Pyungan garlic contained the highest amounts of alliin and total fructan, with 9.2 and 193.3 mg/g, respectively. The Pyungan garlic also showed the highest amounts of total polyphenol and flavonoids, with 146.5 and 123.5 mg/100 g, respectively. Among the garlics from the different soils, the IC50 values by the DPPH assay ranged from 0.28 to 0.32 g/mL, and the $IC_{50}$ of the Pyungan garlic was 0.28 g/mL. The correlation coefficients between the functional quality of the garlic and the different soil compositions were analyzed. The quality of the garlic was positively affected by the pH and organic matter content (p < 0.01) of the soil. Since the Danyang garlic harvested from the Danyang soil had better functional qualities, these results suggest that the production of garlic in a suitable area for the ecotype is most effective.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Momordica charantia (MC) have been used in various parts of the world to treat diabetes. Despite the highest effects of phytochemicals than any other part of the plant, the main components of seed of MC grown in Korea and their properties have not been studied extensively. METHODS AND RESULTS: The seeds of MC were extracted into five different polarity solvents: 30%, 50%, 70%, 95% ethanol and distilled water. The 95% ethanol extract showed the most potent inhibition ($IC_{50}=88.7{\mu}g/mL$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. To investigate the compounds responsible for this effect, activity guided fractionation of MC seeds by chromatography yielded two phytochemicals which were confirmed as vicine (1) and ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) based on their NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic data. Among them, ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) possessed potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities with $IC_{50}$ values from $32.4{\mu}g/mL$. CONCLUSION: Collectively, the results from this present study strongly suggest that both extract and ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) have potent ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid (2) as the most active ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor was proven to be present in high quantities in the MC seeds by a HPLC chromatogram.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), a perennial plant, has been used as a low-calorie sweetener and is being developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial diseases, and microbial infections. Despite the common use of its leaves and stem, the bioavailability of the components present in S. rebaudiana flowers, when used as ingredients of cosmetics, has not been well investigated. Herein, we investigated the antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects of an aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana flowers (Stevia-F). Total flavonoid and phenolic content in Stevia-F were determined to be $8.64{\pm}0.23mg$ of quercetin equivalents/100 g and $631.5{\pm}2.01mg$ of gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of Stevia-F for reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities were 5541.96, 131.39, 466.34, and $10.44{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Stevia-F showed inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase ($IC_{50}=134.74{\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=114.81{\mu}g/mL$) activities. No significant cytotoxicity of Stevia-F was observed in B16F10 cells, treated with up to $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract for 24 and 48 h (p > 0.05). Stevia-F ($1-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells (p < 0.05) and also inhibited the cellular tyrosinase activity (p < 0.05). Overall, our results show that Stevia-F possesses potential for inhibiting tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities and has significant antioxidant capacity. The antimelanogenic potential of Stevia-F should extend the usage of S. rebaudiana flowers in the development of skin-whitening products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.439-444
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• 2004

UV irradiation produces free radicals and related reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these are injury to all most of organisms of skin cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, free radicals and ROS stimulate the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that can degrade most components of ECM such as collagen. Since collagen constitutes almost of skin connective tissue, their disarrangement causes wrinkle formation and droop of skin. Therefore, scavenging activity on free radicals, ROS and suppression of MMP-1 is expected to prevent skin photoaging. In this study, to investigate the relationship between photoaging and Draconis sanguis, we examined the effects of antioxidant, in vitro MMP inhibition and expression of UVA-induced MMP-1 in human dermal fibroblasts. Draconis sanguis was found to show scavenging activities of radicals and ROS with the $IC_{50}$ values of $183{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $30{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Draconis sunguis inhibited the activities of MMP-1 in a does-dependent manner and the $IC_{50}$ value calculated from semi-log plots was $200{\;}{\mu}g/mL$. Also, UVA induced MMP expression was reduced $74\%$ by treatment with Draconis sanguis, and MMP-1 mRNA expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore Draconis sanguis was able to significantly inhibit MMP expression in protein and mRNA level. All these results suggested that Draconis sanguis may act as an anti-photoaging agent by antioxidation and reducing UVA-induced MMP-1 production.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various functionalities of the peels, pulps, and seeds of passion fruit. Proximate composition, mineral contents, phenolic acid contents, total polyphenols, total flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities were measured for each part of passion fruit. Proximate composition analysis of the passion fruit indicated that moisture content contained (4.78-8.20%), carbohydrate (68.33-73.23%), protein (8.78-13.63%), fat (1.19-11.60%), and ash (1.51-8.80%). K, Ca, Na and Fe were the predominant mineral in the peels. P and Mg were the predominant mineral in the pulps. All the antioxidant activities (total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power) showed high results in the seeds. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities IC₅₀ were in the peels (5.59 and 63.16 mg/mL), in the pulps (3.80 and 31.90 mg/mL), and in the seeds (0.06 and 1.02 mg/mL). These results indicated that the pulps, peels, and seeds of passion fruit have value as natural antioxidants with the high quality functional components.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2016

Nepeta cataria L. has been used in traditional medicine of some countries. Here the cytotoxic and apoptogenic activity of methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and acqueous extracts and the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the plant were evaluated with PC3, DU-145 and MCF-7 cell lines. Cell viability, histograms of PI stained fragmented DNA in apoptotic cells and Western blot analysis of proteins involved in the cascade of apoptosis were compared in all samples. Thirty components were identified as volatile, representing 99.7% of essential oil composition after GC-MS analysis of the oil obtained from aerial parts of the N. cataria by hydro-distillation. The major oil components of the essential oil were nepetalactone stereoisomers. Comparing IC50 values showed estrogen receptor positive PC3 cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of N. cataria in comparison with low hormone-receptor presenting DU-145 cells. Among multiple extracts and essential oils of the plant, only the ethyl acetate extract could significantly decrease cell viability in PC3 cells, in a concentration dependent manner. Ethyl acetate extract of N. cataria treated cells showed a sub-G1 peak in PC3 cells in a concentration dependent manner that indicates the involvement of an apoptotic process in ethyl acetate extract-induced cell death. Western blotting analysis showed that in PC3 cells treated with ethyl acetate (48 h) caspase 3 and PARP were cleaved to active forms. Overall, the results suggest that further analytical elucidation of N. cataria in respect to finding new cytotoxic chemicals with anti-tumor activity is warranted.