• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2017

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine commonly used in IBD, possibly has various side effects after high dosage and long term intake. The present study aimed to investigate the sulfasalazine and combination with herbal medicine on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced in mice model. TNBS-induced mice were injected through a flexible catheter 4 cm in length 1.6 mg TNBS. Animals were divided into five groups (n=12): Normal group, TNBS control group, Sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) group, Sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg) group, Sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg)+Cinnamomi cortex and Bupleuri radix mixture (30 mg/kg) (SCB) group. Administration groups were fed extract during 7 days. The inflammatory, and apoptotic protein levels were determined using western blotting. SCB treatment showed an outstanding effectiveness in counteracting the IBD, as assessed by reduction of body weight loss, down-regulation of pro-inflammatory proteins and cytokines, and by inhibition of proteins related to apoptosis. This is the first report that sulfasalazine and Cinnamomi cortex plus Bupleuri radix mixture improve the severity of experimental IBD through the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis. We confirm that the SCB treatment instead of sulfasalazine alone may be promising as an alternative therapeutic plan against IBD, without any evidence of adverse effects.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2015

Dysfunction of gut immune regulation is involved in mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there is still no efficacious immune-regulator for the treatment of IBD. Alloferon is a novel immune-modulatory peptide that was originally isolated from infected insects. It shows anti-inflammatory effects by the regulation of cytokine production by immune cells and their activities. Therefore, we investigated the effect of alloferon in a mouse model of colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis was induced by administration of DSS in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. It was confirmed by the presence of weight loss, diarrhea, hematochezia, and colon contraction. Alloferon was injected 4 days after DSS administration. We found that alloferon improved the pathogenesis of IBD based on the reduced disease activity index (DAI) and colon contraction. Edema, epithelial erosion, and immune cell infiltration were found in mice administered DSS, but the phenomena were reduced following alloferon treatment. The plasma level of IL-6, a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine in colitis, was also decreased by alloferon. Moreover, alloferon inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced degradation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ in Colo205 colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results show that alloferon has anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates DSS-induced colitis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.613-619
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• 2009

The Efficacy of SHI-1909 was investigated in comparision with predinisolone in acetic acid and Picrylsulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced rat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for 5 days. 7% Acetic acid and 5% TNBS solution were administered with polyethylene (P.E) tube inserted to rats intracolon, which causing colitis to the rats. The acetic acid and TNBS control group (the saline treated colitic rat) exhibited ulceration and inflammation of the distal colon with formation of granuloma and pathologic connections. We checked the inflammatory parameters like rat's weight, food intake quantity change during administration. After 5 days, we sacrificed the rats and checked the colon's length, ulcer and pathologic condition. Oral treatment with SHI-1909 resulted in significant recovery of macroscopic parameters like weight and diet intake change. Especially, SHI-1909 had a more potent effect than prednisolone on macroscopic colonic damage score. We can suggest that SHI-1909 could be a promising drug in the treatment of IBD.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.416-419
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• 2011

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is a widely used chemical model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is thought that imbalances in the T helper (Th) cell subsets contribute to IBD. Recent studies suggest that the acute DSS-colitis model is polarized toward a Th1/Th17 profile based on RT-PCR analysis of colonic tissues. In the current study we determined whether colonic Th cells from DSS-colitis mice were skewed toward the Th17 profile. Mice were treated with 5% DSS for 7 days and colonic T cells isolated and examined for production of IFN-${\gamma}$ (Th1 cell), IL-4 (Th2 cell) and IL-17 (Th17 cell) by intracellular flow cytometry. We found that the percentage of colonic Th17 cells were similar to non-treated controls but the percentage of Th1 cells were elevated in DSS-colitis mice. These results suggest that in the acute DSS-colitis model the colonic Th cells exhibit a Th1 profile and not a Th17 profile.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1501-1510
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• 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut, is caused by several factors. Among these factors, microbial factors are correlated with the gut microbiota, which produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) via anaerobic fermentation. Fermented foods are known to regulate the gut microbiota composition. Ganjang (GJ), a traditional fermented Korean soy sauce consumed worldwide, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-colitis, and antihypertensive activities. However, its effects on the gut microbiota remain unknown. In the present study, we aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of GJ manufactured using different methods and investigate its effect on SCFA production in the gut. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of GJ in the gut, we performed animal experiments using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. All GJ samples attenuated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, including reduced colonic length, by suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GJ administration modulated SCFA production in the DSS-induced colitis model. Overall, GJ exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing DSS-induced symptoms via regulation of inflammation and modulation of SCFA levels in a DSS-induced colitis model. Thus, GJ is a promising fermented food with the potential to prevent IBD.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2009

The Efficacy of PSB-2061, was investigated in comparision with predinisolone in acetic acid and Picrylsulfonic acid solution (TNBS)-induced rat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for 5 days. 5 % TNBS solution were administered with polyethylene (P.E) tube inserted to rats intracolon, which causing colitis to the rats. The TNBS control group (the saline treated colitic rat) exhibited ulceration and inflammation of the distal colon with formation of granuloma and pathologic connections. We checked the inflammatory parameters like rat's weight, food intake quantity change during administration. After 5 days, we sacrificed the rats and checked the colon's length, ulcer and pathologic condition. Oral treatment with PSB-2061 resulted in significant recovery of macroscopic parameters like weight and diet intake change. Especially, PSB-2061 extract had a more potent effect than $mesalazine^{(R)}$ on macroscopic colonic damage score. We can suggest that PSB extract could be a promising drug in the treatment of IBD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) is a standard therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) whereas more severe forms involve the use of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that has shown epithelium protective effects in experimental colitis recently. In this study, both 5-ASA (30 mg/kg) and HA (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) were administered rectally and investigated for their potential complementary therapeutic effects in moderate or severe murine colitis models. Intrarectal treatment of moderate and severe colitis with 5-ASA alone or HA alone at a dose of 30 mg/kg led to a significant decrease in clinical activity and histology scores, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in colitis mice compared to untreated animals. The combination of HA (30 mg/kg) and 5-ASA in severe colitis led to a significant improvement of colitis compared to 5-ASA alone. Combined rectal therapy with HA and 5-ASA could be a treatment alternative for severe cases of IBD as it was the only treatment tested that was not significantly different from the healthy control group. This study further underlines the benefit of searching for yet unexplored drug combinations that show therapeutic potential in IBD without the need of designing completely new drug entities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory disease, results from dysregulation of the immune responses. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacillus, alleviate IBD through immunomodulation. In this study, the anti-colitis effect of LAB isolated from human breast milk was investigated in a mouse model induced acute colitis with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS remarkably increased weight loss, colon shortening, and colonic mucosal proliferation, as well as the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β. Oral administration of LAB isolated from human breast milk resulted in a reduction in TNBS-induced colon shortening, as well as induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, LAB suppressed inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and thus showed an effect of suppressing the level of inflammation induced by TNBS. Furthermore, LAB alleviated gut microbiota dysbiosis, and inhibited intestinal permeability by increasing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein including ZO-1. Collectively, these results suggest that LAB isolated from human breast milk can be used as a functional food for colitis treatment by regulating NF-κB signaling, gut microbiota and increasing expression of intestinal tight junction protein.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2024

Background/Aims: In this meta-analysis, we studied the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Multiple databases were searched, and studies were retrieved based on pre-specified criteria until October 2022. The outcomes assessed were resection rates, procedural complications, local recurrence, metachronous tumors, and the need for surgery after ESD in IBD. Standard meta-analysis methods were followed using the random-effects model, and I²% was used to assess heterogeneity. Results: Twelve studies comprising 291 dysplastic lesions in 274 patients were included with a median follow-up of 25 months. The pooled en-bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative resection rates were 92.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.9%-95.4%; I²=0%), 81.5% (95% CI, 72.5%-88%; I²=43%), and 48.9% (95% CI, 32.1%-65.9%; I²=87%), respectively. The local recurrence rate was 3.9% (95% CI, 2%-7.5%; I²=0%). The pooled rates of bleeding and perforation were 7.7% (95% CI, 4.5%-13%; I²=10%) and 5.3% (95% CI, 3.1%-8.9%; I²=0%), respectively. The rates of metachronous recurrence and additional surgery following ESD were 10% (95% CI, 5.2%-18.2%; I²=55%) and 13% (95% CI, 8.5%-19.3%; I²=54%), respectively. Conclusions: ESD is safe and effective for the resection of dysplastic lesions in IBD with an excellent pooled rate of en-bloc and R0 resection.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2012

It is known that lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) helps keeping the intestine healthy and to enhance its immunologic competence. In addition, it is known to control the composition of the enterobacteria and the intestinal inflammatory reaction by inducing immunological enhancement. This study was performed, in a mouse model, to test the treatment and preventive effects of LAB of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which was induced by a blend of LAB-administering trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). To obtain the animal model of IBD, 2% TNBS was rectally administered once to a five-week-old male Balbc/J mouse. A probiotic combination was administered to the prevention group five times a week for eight weeks before the inducement of enteritis, and the mixture was administered to the treatment group five times a week, after the administration of TNBS. The changes in the levels of the cytokines of the lymph nodes and the tissue of the large intestine were observed, both with the naked eye and with a microscope. The observation showed that the levels of inflammatory cells, infiltration, and necrosis were much lower in the LAB-administered groups than in that of the control group. In addition, the inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-17A) decreased in the lymph nodes and the tissues of the large intestine. The results indicated that the administration of the combination to the animal model suppressed the inflammatory cytokines in the large intestine and in the lymph nodes, which in turn suppressed the progression of colitis.