• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.2937-2947
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• 2024

The Republic of Korea is performing independent national inspections under the IAEA's State System of Accounting for and Control (SSAC), and developing an evaluation methodology for the material unaccounted for (MUF) to reinforce capabilities with the purpose of assessment for the accounting system of the facility handling bulk nuclear materials. In relation to this, a new approach for MUF evaluation was proposed in this study based on the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). Both the conventional MUF evaluation method and the GUM method were applied to a hypothetical list of inventory items including material balance. Considering the ease of uncertainty propagation according to the GUM, it was assumed that independent uncertainty factors correspond to random factors, while correlated uncertainty factors correspond to systematic factors. The total MUF uncertainties were similar for both methods; however, it was verified that some uncertainties were affected by the measurement procedure in the GUM method. Furthermore, the GUM method was found to be more conducive to conducting a factor analysis for the MUF uncertainty. It was therefore concluded that application of the GUM approach could be beneficial in cases of national safeguard inspections where factor analysis is required for MUF assessment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1705-1716
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• 2021

Bangladesh, as a newcomer country, is expecting to start her nuclear power journey by 2022. Due to evident reasons, newcomer nuclear countries face several key challenges concerning the development of national nuclear safety infrastructure. The paper investigates the status of the 7 key safety infrastructure issues out of the 19 and readiness of the supportive organizations, laboratories, and workforces following the International Atomic energy Agency's status evaluation guide at milestone 3 and foreign countries' practice. Much progress has been achieved at phase 3 regarding the establishments of a few Acts, a regulator, and an operator. However, comprehensive regulatory frameworks, skilled workforces, establishments of a few supportive organizations, and laboratories for managing environmental radioactivity, radiological accidents, and radioactive wastes are yet to ready. Several suggestions are made for establishing and expediting radiation monitoring laboratories, a radiological emergency management center, a radioactive waste management company, and technical support organizations for the safety infrastructure. To avoid perceived risks, policymakers and competent authorities need to emphasize creating an optimized safety infrastructure before commissioning and operating the 1^st nuclear power plant safely, securely, and cost-sustainably.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2875-2880
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• 2024

The development of nuclear power plants is in three phases. The first phase is a consideration before the decision on the NPP construction program is approved, the second phase is the preparatory work for making contracts and preparing for the construction of NPP after the NPP construction policy is approved, and the third phase is contracting, licensing and building the first NPP. As a volcanically active country, Indonesia contains over 130 active volcanoes that are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic aspect is one of the safety factors considered while deciding the location of an NPP. Research on the potential of natural external risks to the determination of nuclear power plants in Indonesia, including the volcanic aspect, has been conducted based on the safety reference or safety guide of the IAEA and the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Body (BAPETEN) Regulation. Due to technological advancements, safety needs have evolved so the existing Indonesia National Standard (SNI) must be updated to comply with BAPETEN regulations. The substance in SNI 18-2034-1990 relating to volcanic features seems less relevant in actual conditions, given that more complete and exact criteria for determining a site guarantee the safety and health of residents and surrounding the environment site. The study intends to conduct a gap analysis of volcanic issues in SNI and volcanic regulations. The method used is identification requirements for volcanic aspects in SNI 18-2034-1990 about Determining Site of Nuclear Reactor Guidance with BAPETEN Chairman Regulation (BCR) number 4 of 2018 about Nuclear Installation Site Evaluation Safety Provisions and BCR number 5 of 2015 about Evaluation of Nuclear Installation Sites for Volcanic Aspects, and analysis uses a qualitative method of inductive techniques. The outcome of this research applies to suggesting a revision of SNI number 18-2034-1990, especially the volcanic aspect.