• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1419-1424
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• 2001

Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated the importance of lactose in phase I and II pig starter diets. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a carbohydrate by-product (food by-products) as a replacement for lactose. In Exp. I, 120 weaned pigs ($14{\pm}2d$ and 5.65kg) were allotted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) to 10 replications with four pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated three carbohydrate sources (lactose, carbohydrate by-product, and 50-50 blend of the carbohydrate by-product and lactose). The carbohydrate sources were added at 26% in the phase I diets and 15% in the phase II diets. Phase I diets contained 7.5% spray dried plasma protein (SDP). The phase I diets were fed from d 0 to 14 and the phase II diets from d 15 to 28. There were no significant differences between carbohydrate sources on pig performance in phase I. However, during phase II pigs fed the diet with lactose had an improved gain/feed ratio (G/F) (p=0.06) compared to pigs fed the carbohydrate by-product. For the entire 28 d trial ADG, ADFI and G/F were similar for the 50-50 blend and those fed lactose. Total replacement of lactose with the carbohydrate byproduct resulted in a reduced G/F (p=0.09). Exp. 2 used 100 weaned pigs ($17{\pm}2d$ and 4.75kg) with five replications with five pigs per pen. This experiment evaluated four carbohydrate treatments (lactose, carbohydrate by-products, 50-50 blend, and corn). All phase I diets contained 3.5% SDP with the carbohydrate sources included at 15%, and were fed d 0 to 14. The phase II diets contained 7.5% of the carbohydrate sources and were fed d 15 to 27. A common phase III diet was fed d 28 to 42. During all phases pigs fed com tended to have a lower ADG than pigs fed the other carbohydrate sources with the 50-50 blend resulting in the highest ADG. The results of both experiments suggest that this carbohydrate by-product can replace at least 50% of the lactose in phase I and phase II pig starter diets.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.543-550
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• 1992

Buprofezin(25% WP)의 처리약량에 따른 벼멸구 유충에 대한 약효지속기간 및 buprofezin이 벼멸구 유충에 미치는 생물학적 영향을 폿트실험으로 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Buprofezin의 벼멸구 2령유충에 대한 약효지속효과는 상당히 길며, 처리농도가 높을수록 약효지속기간도 길었다. 17.5 g a.i./10 a 처리는 약처리 35일후에도 90%정도의 살충효과를 유지하였고, 5.78~11.50 g a.i./10 a 처리는 $RLT_{90}$(90% 이상 상충률을 유지하는 약처리후 경과시간)이 9.0~13.5일, $RLT_{50}$(50% 이상 살충률을 유지하는 약처리후 경과시간)은 16.8~22.8일로 추정되었다. 그리고 벼멸구 2령유충에 대하여 약처리 15일까지 95%이상의 살충력을 유지할 수 있는 buprofezin 처리약량은 13.00 g a.i./10 a이었고, 50%이상의 살충력을 유지할 수 있는 처리약량은 4.44 g a.i./10 a로 추정되었다. Buprofezin 7.0 g a.i./10 a 처리는 벼멸구 1령유충에 대하여 약처리 17일후까지 100%의 살충률을 유지하였으며 1령유충에 대한 $RLT_{50}$은 32.5일로 같은 농도의 2령 약충에 대한 $RLT_{50}$보다 15일정도 길었다. Buprofezin(7.0 g a.i./10 a)은 처리당시 4령까지의 유충을 100% 치사시켰고, 5령유충에 대해서는 우화전까지 약 70%의 살충력을 보였으나 5령이 생존하여 우화한 성충암컷은 수명이 현저하게 감소하였고 전혀 산란을 하지 못하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2004

The objective of the present study was to determine the plasma level of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in relation to mammary blood flow and milk yield including biological variables of relevance to milk synthesis in two different types of crossbred Holstein cattle at 3 different stages of lactation. Eight heifers were 87.5% HF and eight 50% HF animals were selected for the experiments. The three stages of lactation tested were: early lactation (30 days postpartum), mid-lactation (120 days postpartum) and late lactation (210 days postpartum). Animals in each group were fed a concentrate and rice straw treated with 5% urea as the source of roughage throughout the experiments. In early lactation, mammary blood flow and milk yield of 87.5% HF animals were significantly higher than those of 50% HF animals. In mid- and late lactation, both mammary blood flow and milk yield showed a proportional decrease from the early lactating period of 87.5% HF animals. The trends for persistency were observed in 50% HF animals as for udder blood flow and milk yield throughout the experimental periods. The plasma glucose level of the 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in both early and mid-lactation. The concentrations of arterial plasma free fatty acids ($C_{16}\;to\;C_{18}$) were higher in 50% HF animals as compared with 87.5% HF animals in all periods of study. In early lactation, the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH) of 87.5% HF animals was higher than those of the 50% HF animals, thereafter the mean level of plasma growth hormone declined in both mid- and late lactation. The concentration of plasma IGF-I of 50% HF animals was significantly higher than those of 87.5% HF animals in all stages of lactation. There were no differences among stages of lactation for the levels of plasma IGF-I, insulin and growth hormone in 50% HF animals. In 87.5% HF animals, the plasma levels of both IGF-I and insulin were lower in early lactating period while it showed an increase during mid- and late lactation. The present results indicated that the regulatory role for the higher mammary blood flow and milk yield during lactation in 87.5% HF are not mediated via the higher level of circulating IGF-I. Differences in mammary blood flow and milk yield between 50% HF and 87.5% HF animals are in part due to a higher concentration of circulating growth hormone. The lower level of circulating growth hormone in 50% HF animals would be regulated by higher levels of IGF-I, free fatty acid and glucose in plasma.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2022

본 실험은 펄라이트 수경재배에서 급액량이 토마토(Solanum lycopersicum L.)의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 급액 처리는 대조구인 I₀와 대조구보다 급액량이 각 25%, 50% 많은 I₂₅와 I₅₀로 세수준 처리하였다. 처리기간 중 대조구 I₀ 처리구는 배액이 없었다. 조사항목으로 토마토 생육특성, 수량 및 수분이용효율을 측정하였다 토마토의 초장, 엽장 및 엽폭이. I₀ 처리 가장 짧았고 I₂₅와 I₅₀ 처리에서는 통계적으로 차이가 없었다. 처리 후 111일, 132일 및 143일째에 측정한 토마토 과실의 당도, 산도 및 건물율은 관수량이 가장 적은 I₀가 관수량이 많은 I₂₅와 I₅₀ 보다 높았다. 그러나 처리 후 111일과 132일째 과실 내 수분함량은 I₀ 처리에서 가장 낮았다. 대과(>180g)의 수는 I₂₅에서 유의하게 더 많았으나 총 수확과 수는 처리 간 유의한 차이가 없었다. 과실의 평균 과중(g·plant^-1)과 총 수확량(g·plant^-1)은 I₀ 처리된 토마토에서 가장 낮았다. 수분 소비량은 처리 간 유의한 차이가 없었으나 수분이용효율은 I₀ 처리에서 가장 낮았다. 주성분 분석 결과 과실의 당도와 산도는 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서 토마토 생육, 과실 특성 및 수분이용효율을 토대로 얻은 결과는 I₂₅가 토마토 펄라이트 수경재배에서 다른 처리 보다 적절한 급액량임을 보여준다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1999

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). It is believed that NO is an important mediator in numerous physiological and inflammatory responses. Particularly, a large amount of NO released from the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is mostly associated with inflammatory processes. Overproduction of NO in these processes including sepsis and autoimmune diseases can have deleterious consequences and pathophysiologic relevance. Therefore, for the discovery of new inhibitory agents against iNOS activity, we have evaluated about 100 kinds of natural products after partition into three layers (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous) from 100% methanol extracts to study inhibitory effects on iNOS activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells culture system. As a positive control, curcumin, which is known as an anti-tumor promoter, anti-inflammatory agent as an iNOS inhibitor, was used and showed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect $(IC_{50},\;2.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Among tested fractions, the n-hexane fraction of Cimicifuga heracleifolia $(IC_{50}:\;9.65\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Forsythiae fructus $(IC_{50}:\;6.36\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Saposhnikovia divaricata $(IC_{50}:\;5.92\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrysanthemum sibiricum $(IC_{50}:\;2.56\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Gastrodia elata $(IC_{50}:\;3.46\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and the aqueous fraction of Dianthus chinensis $(IC_{50}:\;6.73\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Euonymus alatus $(IC_{50}:\;6.78\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Mechania urticifoloria $(IC_{50}:\;8.01\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed strong inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated iNOS. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrysanthemum sibiricum $(IC_{50}:\;2.56\;{\mu}g/ml)$, which exhibited the strongest inhibition against iNOS, was fractionated with silica-gel column chromatography. These subfractions exhibited dose-dependent inhibition against iNOS activity in the range of $2.59-5.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ except for fraction No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 16. Our study shows that Chrysanthemum sibiricum has the strongest inhibitory effect against iNOS activity and has similar effect to curcumin. Therefore, further studies for the identification of active principles from Chrysanthemum sibiricum and investigation for the mechanism of the inhibition of iNOS by active principles will be performed.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

목적: 아산지역에서 일부 초등학생들을 대상으로 자동안굴절계를 이용한 굴절검사 값과 조절마비제를 사용하지 않고 iTrace로 조절력을 배제하여 굴절력을 측정한 값을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2009년 9월부터 12월까지 12~13세 42안을 대상으로 현성굴절상태에서 자동 안굴절계를 이용한 자동굴절검사와 iTrace를 이용한 굴절검사를 실시하였다. iTrace를 이용한 굴절검사는 원거리(5 m 이상)와 근거리(눈 앞 30cm)를 주시하도록 한 후 측정하였다. 모든 측정치는 등가구면 굴절력으로 나타냈고, 굴절이상의 정도에 따라 그룹 1(-0.50D < ~ < +1.00D)과 2(-0.50D 이하)로 분류하였다. 결과: 자동굴절검사, iTrace를 이용해서 측정한 원거리 및 근거리 주시시의 평균 등가구면 굴절력은 각각 1.08${\pm}$0.77D, -0.29${\pm}$0.95D와 2.34${\pm}$0.67D였다(p<0.001). 대상자의 52.4%에서 원거리 주시시 보다 자동굴절검사의 결과는 근시인 0.50D~-1.00D로 측정되었다. 그룹 l과 2에도 검사방법 간의 평균 등가구면 굴절력은 자동굴정검사로 측정한 값이 원거리 주시시의 측정치에 비해 두 그룹 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 근시방향으로 측정되었다. 결론: 자동굴절검사와 5m 이상의 원거리용 응시한 후 iTrace로 측정한 굴절검사의 굴절력은 0.79${\pm}$0.34D의 차이를 보여 자동굴절검사 값이 통계적으로 유의하게 감소된 굴절력을 나타냈다.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2001년도 춘계총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.50-50
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• 2001

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2004

The medicine through I-Ching(The Book of Changes, 易經) is a field of the medical science, which studies physiology, pathology and Yin-Yang philosophy. From ancient times so many scholars have studied I Ching and they are divided into two different school. one is the school of Image and Number(象數學派), the other is the school of reason(義理學派). Da-San Jung Yak-Yong(茶山 丁若鏞) is a distinguished scholar in the I-Ching study, and he had a unique opinion in the analysis about sentences of I Ching. He has done his best to make 'Image and Number(象數)' harmonize with reason(義理). I Ching is the book about changes, which includes everything like natural phenomena, human body and mind. So we can understand human physiology and pathology through I Ching. But it's important to understand it was organized by symbols. The main symbols are Ba-Gua(八卦), 12 Bi-Gua, Zai-Ruo-zhi-Gua(再閏之卦), 50 Yan-Gua(50衍卦) and these symbols originated from the imagess of the four seasons. The image of 12 Bi-Gua coincide with 12 jing-lao(經絡), the images of Zai-Ruo-zhi-Gua(再閏之卦) coinside with Ren-mai(任脈), Du-mai(督脈). 12 Bi-Gua and Zai-Ruo-zhi-Gua(再閏之卦) are fundamental stuffs, on the other hand 50 Yan-Gua(50衍卦) is an application of every phenomenon.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 제10차 국제학술회의 및 추계정기 학술발표회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Multiple regression equations (Rehman et al. 2000) have been developed to predict the salinity tolerance of Acacia seeds, expressed as the I$\sub$50/ (the concentration of NaCl required to reduce final germination to 50% of the control value in DW). Accurate predictions can be made using one or more chemical and biological seed parameters. In this study the theoretical effect of varying final germination percentage in distilled water, germination rate in distilled water. (Rate), Ca$\^$2+/ or K$\^$+/ contents and their ratios, as independent factors or related factors, on the predicted salinity tolerance (I$\sub$50/) of Acacia species was investigated. Simulation of the effects of changing final germination, rate, calcium and potassium suggest the possibility of practical application of these results to modify the salinity tolerance of seeds. The predicted I$\sub$50/ increased with increasing final germination. Similarly, the higher the rate of germination, the higher the predicted salt tolerance of Acacia species. The Ca$\^$2+/ content of seeds was found to be positively correlated with I$\sub$50/. Species with higher Ca$\^$2+/ contents had a higher I$\sub$50/. This suggests that I$\sub$50/ might be increased by increasing the Ca$\^$2+/ contents of seeds by pretreatment with calcium salts or by supplying these to the mother plants.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2009

새로운 종류의 히드라존 유도체는 4-(2-chloroethyl) semicarbazides로 부터 합성되었고, 인간 두 뇌(U251)와 간(Hepg2)의 암세포 에 대해 항증식성을 보였다. 히드라존 화합물은 벤즈알데히드, 아세토 페논, 3-formylindole 유도체이다. 아세토페논 유도체중에 3e (p-methoxy substituted)와 and 3f (p-nitro substituted)는 Hepg2 세포 (각각I$C_{50}$ = 6 ,8 $\mu$g/mL) 에 대해 가장 높은 세포독성활성을 보인다. 3-Formylindole 유도체중에 4a (hydrazone of 3-formylindole)은 U251 (I$C_{50}$ = 21 $\mu$g/mL)와 Hepg2 (I$C_{50}$ = 7 $\mu$g/mL)에 강한 세포독성활성을 보인다.