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Properties of Detection Matrix and Parallel Flats fraction for $3^n$ Search Design+

  • Um, Jung-Koog
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.114-120
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    • 1984
  • A parallel flats fraction for the $3^n$ design is defined as union of flats ${t}At=c_i(mod 3)}, i=1,2,\cdots, f$ and is symbolically written as At=C where A is rank r. The A matrix partitions the effects into n+1 alias sets where $u=(3^{n-r}-1)/2. For each alias set the f flats produce an ACPM from which a detection matrix is constructed. The set of all possible parallel flats fraction C can be partitioned into equivalence classes. In this paper, we develop some properties of a detection matrix and C.

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ON CLEAN AND NIL CLEAN ELEMENTS IN SKEW T.U.P. MONOID RINGS

  • Hashemi, Ebrahim;Yazdanfar, Marzieh
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.57-71
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    • 2019
  • Let R be an associative ring with identity, M a t.u.p. monoid with only one unit and ${\omega}:M{\rightarrow}End(R)$ a monoid homomorphism. Let R be a reversible, M-compatible ring and ${\alpha}=a_1g_1+{\cdots}+a_ng_n$ a non-zero element in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$. It is proved that if there exists a non-zero element ${\beta}=b_1h_1+{\cdots}+b_mh_m$ in $R{\ast}M$ with ${\alpha}{\beta}=c$ is a constant, then there exist $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$, $1{\leq}j_0{\leq}m$ such that $g_{i_0}=e=h_{j_0}$ and $a_{i_0}b_{j_0}=c$ and there exist elements a, $0{\neq}r$ in R with ${\alpha}r=ca$. As a consequence, it is proved that ${\alpha}{\in}R*M$ is unit if and only if there exists $1{\leq}i_0{\leq}n$ such that $g_{i_0}=e$, $a_{i_0}$ is unit and aj is nilpotent for each $j{\neq}i_0$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring. Furthermore, we determine the relation between clean and nil clean elements of R and those elements in skew monoid ring $R{\ast}M$, where R is a reversible or right duo ring.

CONVOLUTION SUMS OF ODD AND EVEN DIVISOR FUNCTIONS

  • Kim, Daeyeoul
    • Honam Mathematical Journal
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.445-506
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    • 2013
  • Let ${\sigma}_s(N)$ denote the sum of the s-th power of the positive divisors of N and ${\sigma}_{s,r}(N;m)={\sum_{d{\mid}N\\d{\equiv}r\;mod\;m}}\;d^s$ with $N,m,r,s,d{\in}\mathbb{Z}$, $d,s$ > 0 and $r{\geq}0$. In a celebrated paper [33], Ramanuja proved $\sum_{k=1}^{N-1}{\sigma}_1(k){\sigma}_1(N-k)=\frac{5}{12}{\sigma}_3(N)+\frac{1}{12}{\sigma}_1(N)-\frac{6}{12}N{\sigma}_1(N)$ using elementary arguments. The coefficients' relation in this identity ($\frac{5}{12}+\frac{1}{12}-\frac{6}{12}=0$) motivated us to write this article. In this article, we found the convolution sums $\sum_{k<N/m}{\sigma}_{1,i}(dk;2){\sigma}_{1,j}(N-mk;2)$ for odd and even divisor functions with $i,j=0,1$, $m=1,2,4$, and $d{\mid}m$. If N is an odd positive integer, $i,j=0,1$, $m=1,2,4$, $s=0,1,2$, and $d{\mid}m{\mid}2^s$, then there exist $u,a,b,c{\in}\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $\sum_{k& lt;2^sN/m}{\sigma}_{1,i}(dk;2){\sigma}_{1,j}(2^sN-mk;2)=\frac{1}{u}[a{\sigma}_3(N)+bN{\sigma}_1(N)+c{\sigma}_1(N)]$ with $a+b+c=0$ and ($u,a,b,c$) = 1(Theorem 1.1). We also give an elementary problem (O) and solve special cases of them in (O) (Corollary 3.27).

Superconducting Properties and Tunneling Spectroscopy of Bi2Sr2Ca(Cu1-xNix)2O8+δ Film by LPE Method (LPE법으로 성장시킨 Bi2Sr2Ca(Cu1-xNix)2O8+δ 막(film)의 초전도특성 및 터널링 분광)

  • 이민수
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.455-459
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    • 2003
  • Tunneling spectra of B $i_2$S $r_2$Ca(C $u_{1-x}$ N $i_{x}$ )$_2$ $O_{8+}$$\delta$/ film by LPE method have been measured using break junctions. The energy gap 2$\Delta$ and 2$\Delta$/ $k_{B}$ $T_{c}$ $^{zero}$ increased with increase of ft. We obtained the energy gap Parameter 2$\Delta$(4.2 K) = 54.4~64 meV, and corresponding1y $\Delta$/ $k_{B}$ $T_{c}$ $^{zero}$=7.36~10.14, larger than the BCS value. The lattice constant c and critical temperature $T_{c}$ $^{zero}$ decrease with increase of $\chi$$_{L}$.

Balancing Problem of Cross-over U-shaped Assembly Line Using Bi-directional Clustering Algorithm (양방향 군집 알고리즘을 적용한 교차혼합 U자형 조립라인 균형문제)

  • Lee, Sang-Un
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2022
  • This paper suggests heuristic algorithm for single-model cross-over assembly line balancing problem that is a kind of NP-hard problem. The assembly line balance problem is mainly applied with metaheuristic methods, and no algorithm has been proposed to find the exact solution of polynomial time, making it very difficult to apply in practice. The proposed bi-directional clustering algorithm computes the minimum number of worker m* = ⌈W/c⌉ and goal cycle time c* = ⌈W/m*⌉ from the given total assembling time W and cycle time c. Then we assign each workstation i=1,2,…,m* to Ti=c* ±α≤ c using bi-directional clustering method. For 7 experimental data, this bi-directional clustering algorithm same performance as other methods.

Characterization of Endoglucanase (F-I-III) Purified from Trichoderma sp. C-4 (새로운 섬유소분해 균주 Trichoderma sp. C-4에서 분리한 Endoglucanase (F-I-III)에 대한 연구)

  • Sul Ok Ju;Chung Dae Kyun;Han In Seob;Jeong Choon Soo
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.81-86
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    • 2005
  • One of the endoglucanases, F-I-III, was purified from the culture filtrate of T. sp. C-4 through procedures including chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, DEAE-Sepharose A-50, and Chromatofocusing on Mono-P (FPLC). The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be about 56,000 Da by SDS-PAGE, and pI of 4.9 by analytical isoelectric focusing. F-I-III showed the highest enzyme activity at $55^{\circ}C$, and the pH optimum of the enzyme was 5.0. There was no loss of activity when the enzyme was incubated at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The specific activity of the enzyme F-I-III toward the CMC was 315.4 U/mg. The Km value for $PNPG_2$ of F-I-III was 2.69 mM. N-terminal sequence of F-I-III was analyzed to be QPGTSTPEVHPKKLTTYK. It showed $95\%$ of homology to that of EGI from T. reesei. The presence of some metal ions (1 mM) had only a little effect on CMCase activity. The treatment of the reducing agents resulted in the increase of endoglucanase activity.

Automatic Searching Algorithm for Galactic HI at Forbidden Velocities in the Inner-Galaxy ALFA Low-Latitude HI (I-GALFA) Survey

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;Koo, Bon-Chul;Gibson, S.J.;Douglas, K.A.;Park, Geum-Sook;Peek, J.E.G.;Korpela, E.J.;Heiles, C.E.
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.86.2-86.2
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    • 2011
  • The faint wing-like features at velocities beyond the velocity boundaries of the Galactic rotation (Forbidden-Velocity Wings, FVWs) in the large-scale position-velocity diagrams of the HI surveys are thought to be associated with dynamical Galactic events. The primary candidates of these FVWs are rapidly expanding HI shells of the old Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), which are too faint to be visible in other frequencies. The unprecedented sensitivity and resolution of the I-GALFA survey enable detection of "all" HI shells of Galactic SNRs at forbidden velocities predicted by Koo and Kang (2004). Therefore, comparing the distribution of the FVWs visible in the I-GALFA survey and that of the model will improve our understanding on the interstellar medium and the evolution of SNRs. We have been developing an automatic searching algorithm for FVWs in the I-GALFA survey to minimize the selection effects of visual inspection used in the previous FVW study. We present the searching mechanism for FVWs and the statistical properties of the automatically searched FVWs. Also, we discuss the similarities and the differences between the distribution of the identified FVWs and that of the SNRs predicted by Koo and Kang (2004).

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Temperature-Dependent Hydrolysis Reactions of U(VI) Studied by TRLFS

  • Lee, J.Y.;Yun, J.I.
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2013
  • Temperature-dependent hydrolysis behaviors of aqueous U(VI) species were investigated with time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in the temperature range from 15 to $75^{\circ}C$. The formation of four different U(VI) hydrolysis species was measured at pHs from 1 to 7. The predominant presence of $UO{_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_2(OH){_2}^{2+}$, $(UO_2)_3(OH){_5}^+$, and $(UO_2)_3(OH){_7}^-$ species were identified based on the spectroscopic properties such as fluorescence wavelengths and fluorescence lifetimes. With an increasing temperature, a remarkable decrement in the fluorescence lifetime for all U(VI) hydrolysis species was observed, representing the dynamic quenching behavior. Furthermore, the increase in the fluorescence intensity of the further hydrolyzed U(VI) species was clearly observed at an elevated temperature, showing stronger hydrolysis reactions with increasing temperatures. The formation constants of the U(VI) hydrolysis species were calculated to be $log\;K{^0}_{2,2}=-4.0{\pm}0.6$ for $(UO_2)_2(OH){_2}^{2+}$, $log\;K{^0}_{3,5}=-15.0{\pm}0.3$ for $(UO_2)_3(OH){_5}^+$, and $log\;K{^0}_{3,7}=-27.7{\pm}0.7$ for $(UO_2)_3(OH){_7}^-$ at $25^{\circ}C$ and I = 0 M. The specific ion interaction theory (SIT) was applied for the extrapolation of the formation constants to infinitely diluted solution. The results of temperature-dependent hydrolysis behavior in terms of the U(VI) fluorescence were compared and validated with those obtained using computational methods (DQUANT and constant enthalpy equation). Both results matched well with each other. The reaction enthalpies and entropies that are vital for the computational methods were determined by a combination of the van't Hoff equation and the Gibbs free energy equation. The temperature-dependent hydrolysis reaction of the U(VI) species indicates the transition of a major U(VI) species by means of geothermal gradient and decay heat from the radioactive isotopes, representing the necessity of deeper consideration in the safety assessment of geologic repository.

DUAL SURFACES DEFINED BY z = f(u) + g(ν) IN SIMPLY ISOTROPIC 3-SPACE ${\mathbb{I}}{\frac{1}{3}}$

  • Cakmak, Ali;Karacan, Murat Kemal;Kiziltug, Sezai
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.267-277
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we define the dual surfaces by z = f(u) + g(v) and also classify these surfaces in ${\mathbb{I}}{\frac{1}{3}}$ satisfying some algebraic equations in terms of the coordinate functions and the Laplace operators according to fundamental forms of the surface.