• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Lonicera japonica(LJ) could inhibit LPS-induced type I IFN production. Methods: To evaluate inhibitory effect of LJ on type I IFN, we examined type I IFN, IRF-1, 7 and IL-10 production on LPS-induced macrophages using real time RT-PCR. Next, we observed the interaction of type I IFN, IRF-1, 7 and IL-10 using IL-10 neutralizing antibody. Finally we examined the activation of STAT-1, 3 using western blot. Results: LJ inhibited Type I IFN expression of mRNA and increased IL-10 expression of mRNA. Also LJ inhibited the level of IRF-1, 7 mRNA and the nuclear translocation of IRF-3. Further more, LJ reduced the activation of STAT-1, 3 which are involved in continuous secretion of immune cytokines. Blockade of IL-10 action caused a significant reduction of type I IFN and IRF-1, 7 than LPS-induced LJ pretreatment. Conclusions: LJ inhibits LPS-induced production of type I IFN by IL-10. This study may provide a clinical basis for anti-inflammatory properties of LJ.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2016

In this study, a co-axial flow induced microfluidic chip to fabricate pure collagen type I microfiber via the control of collagen type I and Na-alginate gelation process. The pure collagen type I microfiber was generated by selective degradation of Ca-alginate from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber. To make 'Core-Shell' structure, collagen type I solution was introduced into core channel and 1.5% Na-alginate solution was injected into side channel in microfluidic chip. To evaluatethe 'Core-Shell' structure, the red and green fluorescence substances were mixed into collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, respectively. The fluorescence substances were uniformly loaded into each fiber, and the different fluorescence images were dependent on their location. By immoblizing EpH4-Ras and C6 cells within collagen type I and Na-alginate solution, we sucessfully demonstrated the co-culture of EpH4-Ras and C6 cells with 'Core-Shell' like hydrogel microfiber for 5 days. Only to produce pure collagen type I hydrogel fiber, tri-sodium citrate solution was used to dissolve the shell-like Ca-alginate hydrogel fiber from 'Core-Shell' structured hydrogel microfiber, which is an excellent advantage when the fiber is employed in three-dimensional scaffold. This novel method could apply various application in tissue engineering and biomedical engineering.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.879-888
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• 1999

보다 선뢰적인 정보전송을 위하여 데이터 에러를 제어하기 위한 ARQ 기법의 연구는 중요하다. 특히 위성 통신에서는 긴 전송 지연시간에 의하여 성능의 차이가 크게 나타나므로 본 논문에서는 전송 지연시간을 중심으로 프레임의 길이. 채널용량, BER의 변화에 따른, SR ARQ와 기존의 고정된 코딩율을 갖는 type- I h hybrid ARQ 방식의 성능분석을 하였다. Type-I hybrid ARQ 방식에 사용되는 FEC(Forward Error Control) 방식으로는 BCH 코드를 사용하였고 BCH 코드율과 Window 크기. 데이터 속도 등 여러 가지 파라미터에 따 른 throughput을 분석하였다. 특히 기존의 SA W(Stop and Wait) ARQ의 식을 바탕으로 전송지연시간이 고 려된 type-I hybrid ARQ의 성능 관계식을 유도하였다. 다양한 전송 지연시간이 고려된 type-I hybrid ARQ 의 성능을 수치해석과 더불어 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하여, 중요한 특성 결과를 얻게 되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.620-627
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• 2000

To determine the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) strains in the Korean population, the restriction site polymorphisms for BamHI and XhoI enzymes were analyzed with 16 EBV isolates from cancer patients and 7 EBV isolates from healthy carriers, using polymerase chain reaction techniques. None of the 23 isolates were found to carry an extra BamHI site in the BamHI F-fragment (f-variant). Of the 12 type-1 isolates from the cancer patients, 10 lost both the LMP1 XhoI site and the BamHI site between the BamHi W1* and I1* fragments (a W1*I1* fusion variant or type C). The latter W1*I1* fusion variant was due to a mutation of thymidine to adenine, as evidenced by a sequence analysis. The remaining two type-1 isolates showed either no variation at both sites or the loss of only the XhoI site. In contrast, two type-2 isolates and two intertypic recombinants with a type-1 allele at the EBNA2 locus and type-2 alleles at all or some of the EBNA3 loci retained both enzyme sites. In similar analyses of the 7 isolates from the healthy carriers, five of six type-1 isolates lost these two sites, however, one type-2 isolate did not. These results clearly indicate a strong association of both the LMP1 XhoI site loss and the W1*I1* fusion variant with the type-1 rather than the type-2 EBV strains circulating in the immunocompetent Korean carriers.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.13-34
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• 2008

In Headgear and Ornaments for Diadem in the Period of the Three States there was Conical Cap(or Pointed Cap), Feathered Cap(Trim), and Crown[Tree-typed Diadem and Tree and Antler-typed Diadem] was excavated from the tombs. Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. The Ornaments for Diadem in Baekje was excavated from the tombs is adorned with a arranged leaf-stems on either sides and the flower-shaped. They were distinguished with the original mode of Goguryeo and ancient Silla at the time. Tree-typed Diadem is five part in according to the Mountain(;山)-typed piled up. Only one Mountain(;山)-typed one in three stand-up ornament(I-1 type), and three step one in three stand-up one(I-2 type), modification one (I-3 type), three step one of four and five stand-up ones(I-4 type), and four step one of four and five stand-up ones (I-5 type). Tree and Antler-typed Diadem is three part in according to the step of Mountain(; 山)-typed and cross-shaped of the upper part. Three one of three step one of Mountain(;山)-typed and two Antler- typed (II-1 type), cross-shaped one(II-2 type), four step one(II-3 type).

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

Objectives The second to fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is known to reflect testosterone level during intrauterine period. Testosterone is essential for masculinization of brain. Cloninger's type II alcoholism is characterized by early age at onset and largely limited to males. Compared with type I alcoholism, type II alcoholism is thought to be masculine. There is a possibility that the digit ratio of type II alcoholism is low compared with type I. We examined digit length ratio in Cloninger's type I and II alcoholism to understand the effects of intrauterine testosterone on the development of alcoholism. Methods The participants were 87 alcohol dependent patients. We divided two subtypes of patients by Irwin's symptom list, based on Cloninger's concept. We captured the images of both palms by the scanner and measured the lengths of digits by the graphic program. Then we analyzed the digit ratios by independent-sample t-test. Results The mean 2D : 4D of type I was 0.942 (right), 0.952 (left). The mean 2D : 4D of type II was 0.927 (right), 0.940 (left). In both hands, 2D : 4D of type II was significantly lower than type I. Conclusions Type II alcoholism showed masculine type of digit length ratio compared with type I. It suggests the exposure of testosterone during intrauterine period might play an important role in determining the course and feature of alcoholism.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an estimation method of the parameter in an exponential distribution based on a progressive Type I interval censored sample with semi-missing observation. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the parameter in the exponential distribution cannot be obtained explicitly because the intervals are not equal in length under the progressive Type I interval censored sample with semi-missing data. To obtain the MLE of the parameter for the sampling scheme, we propose a method by which progressive Type I interval censored sample with semi-missing data is converted to the progressive Type II interval censored sample. Consequently, the estimation procedures in the progressive Type II interval censored sample can be applied and we obtain the MLE of the parameter and survival function. It will be shown that the obtained estimators have good performance in terms of the mean square error (MSE) and mean integrated square error (MISE).

• 복식
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• 제45권
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Heart shaped Earring in old tombs of Three Kingdom States. First Heart shaped Earring is 7 part in according to heart styles. I-A type was original style and that was influenced by scythe style. I-A II-A type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in Kokuryo Pacijae ancient Silla Gaya. I-B II-2-A type was also found in most of the old tombs except Kokuryo. Then II-2-A type was transmitted to Japanese Heart shaped Earring. I-A, I-B, II-1, II-2-A type was general style in ancient Silla gaya. Ii-1-B, II-2-B. II-3-A type was excavated from the only Pacjae tombs and II-3-B type was excavated from Kokuryo tombs. II-3-A, II-3-B type was unique style that was found in old tombs in Kokuryo, Pacjae.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.519-527
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• 2019

목적: 다발성 섬유성 이형성증에서 대퇴골두의 침범 부위 정도에 따라 분류하여 변형 정도를 분석하고 치료 경과에 대한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1987년 3월부터 2014년 3월까지 전남대학교병원에 내원한 23명의 환자를 후향적 연구를 실시하였다. 대퇴골두 침범 부위에 따라 대퇴골두의 골단판 반흔 및 성장판을 침범하지 않은 Type I, 골단판 반흔 및 성장판을 침범한 Type II로 구분하였다. 단순방사선 촬영을 통해 대퇴경간각 및 비구-전자간 거리를 측정하였으며 측면사진을 통해 전방만곡을 측정하였다. 하지의 teleoroentgenogram을 통해 하지부동 및 하지 역학축의 변화를 측정하였다. 골스캔을 통해 하지병변의 위치와 변형을 확인하였다. 변형 교정 및 골절 치료를 위한 내고정술 전후의 대퇴경간각, 비구-전자간 거리를 비교하여 수술 후 교정의 소실 정도를 확인하였다. 결과: 총 23명(46하지) 중 23명(28하지)에서 근위 대퇴부에 병변이 있었다. Type I은 15/23명(16/28하지), Type II는 9/23명(12/28하지)이었다. 근위 대퇴골의 술 전 대퇴경간각은 Type I에서 116.8도, Type II에서 95.3도를 보였고, 비구-전자간 거리는 Type I에서 12.08 mm, Type II에서 -5.54 mm를 보여 Type II에서 의미 있게 변형이 심하였다. 수술 직후 변형 교정에 뚜렷한 호전을 보였으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 Type II의 경우 변형 교정이 소실됨을 보였다(대퇴경간각 Type I: 133.8-130.8도, Type II: 128.6-116.9도, 비구-전자간 거리 Type I: 17.66-15.72 mm, Type II: 7.44-4.16 mm). 전방 만곡은 Type I에서 평균 12.74도, Type II에서 평균 20.19도를 보였다. 실제 하지부동을 보인 총 9명에서 평균 12 mm 의 차이를 보였으며, 하지 역학축은 술 전을 기준으로 외측 편위 4하지, 내측 편위 7하지를 보였다. 결론: 다발성 섬유성 이형성증에서 대퇴골두를 침범한 경우 대퇴경간각 및 비구-전자간 거리, 대퇴골의 전방 만곡에서 훨씬 심한 변형을 보이고 수술 후 변형 교정의 소실 양상을 보여 병변의 대퇴골두 침범 여부가 환자의 예후에 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 내외반 변형뿐만 아니라 전방 만곡 등의 측면상의 변형 및 하지 역학축, 하지부동 등 전반적인 하지의 정렬을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.532-540
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• 2010

국내산 주요 침엽수 소경목의 활용 방안으로 리기다소나무를 이용한 목재 모형 옹벽을 제작하여 강도 성능을 평가하였다. 목재 모형 옹벽은 가로, 세로 11 cm의 CUAZ-2 처리한 리기다소나무 방부 정각재를 사용하여 3개의 Type으로 제작하였다. 각 Type별 옹벽은 횡목 4층 종목 3층 총 7층의 높이 86 cm, 길이 300 cm, 폭 93 cm로 제작 하였으며 기본형인 Type I과 목재 사용량을 줄이기 위해 중간에 긴 종목과 짧은 종목을 번갈아 사용한 Type II, Type II와 동일하게 제작한 후 횡목의 연결부위를 보강목으로 보강한 Type III으로 제작하였다. 각 Type별 옹벽은 수평 재하 시험을 통한 강도 성능 평가와 화상처리를 통한 구조물의 변형을 검토하였다. 수평 재하 시험 결과 최대 하중을 비교해 보았을 때 Type I은 63.17 kN/m, Type II는 57.80 kN/m, Type III은 60.97 kN/m으로 나타났다. 화상 처리를 통해 측정된 전면부의 최상층 변형을 비교해 보았을 때 Type I에 비해 Type II의 변형이 약 1.5배 많은 변형을 보였으며 Type I과 Type III은 비슷한 변형을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 실험 결과 Type III의 경우 목재 사용량을 절감하면서도 양호한 강도성능을 확인 할 수 있었다.