• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate the null hypothesis that there is no difference in a set of clinical predictors of potentially impacted canines between low-risk patients with and without displaced canines. Methods: The normal canine position group consisted of 30 patients with 60 normally erupting canines ranked in sector I (age, 9.30 ± 0.94 years). The displaced canine group comprised 30 patients with 41 potentially impacted canines ranked in sectors II to IV (age, 9.46 ± 0.78 years). Maxillary lateral incisor crown angulation, inclination, rotation, width, height, and shape, as well as palatal depth, arch length, width, and perimeter composed a set of clinical predictors, which were evaluated on digital dental casts. Statistical analyses consisted of group comparisons and variable correlations (p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant association between sex and mesially displaced canines. Unilateral canine displacement was more prevalent than bilateral displacement. The crown of the maxillary lateral incisors was significantly angulated more mesially and rotated mesiolabially in low-risk patients with displaced canines, who also had a shallower palate and shorter anterior dental arch length. Lateral incisor crown angulation and rotation, as well as palatal depth and arch length, were significantly correlated with the canine displacement severity. Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Maxillary lateral incisor angulation inconsistent with the "ugly duckling" stage as well as a shallow palate and short arch length are clinical predictors that can significantly contribute to the early screening of ectopic canines in low-risk patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6131-6136
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• 2014

Objective: Epidemiology studies have reported conflicting results between glutathione S-transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) and glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. In this study, an updated meta-analysis was applied to determine whether the deletion of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 has an influence on OC susceptibility. Methods: A published literature search was performed through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Science Citation Index Expanded database for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and $I^2$ statistics. Sub-group analysis was conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was employed to evaluate the respective influence of each study on the overall estimate. Results: In total, 10 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was no significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and OC risk (OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.91-1.12). Additionally, there was no significant association between GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and OC risk (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.85-1.13). Similalry, no significant associations were found concerning the GSTP1 rs1695 locus and OC risk. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis did not show a significant increase in eligible studies with low heterogeneity. However, sensitivity analysis, publication bias and cumulative analysis demonstrated the reliability and stability of the current meta-analysis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that GSTs genetic polymorphisms may not contribute to OC susceptibility. Large epidemiological studies with the combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphisms and more specific histological subtypes of OC are needed to prove our findings.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.662-669
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• 2005

Nuclear factor I (NFI) exists in the odontoblast and osteoblast. NFI-C null mice demonstrated aberrant odontoblast differentiation, abnormal dentin formation, and molar lacking roots. The purpose of this study was to examine phenotype of the aberrant odontoblast in NFI-C null mice and to evaluate the expression of DSPP and BSP mRNAs in NFI-C null mice with in-situ hybridization. The results were as follows: 1. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the crown dentin of molar showed normally formation, but there was no root dentin. 2. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the labial dentin of mandibular incisors showed relatively a lot of dentin formation, but the lingual dentin showed defect. 3. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the odontoblast of mandibular incisors revealed abnormal shape and trapped in osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. 4. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice, the odontoblast in the crown dentin of molars showed strong expression of DSPP, the odontoblast in the root dentin of molars was not expression of DSPP. In the NFI-C (-/-) mice the odontoblast in the mandibular incisors showed weekly expression of DSPP 5. In the wild mice, the odontoblasts of mandibular incisors were not expression of BSP, but in the NFI-C (-/ -) mice the odontoblast of mandibular incisors showed strong expression of BSP These results suggest that odontoblast in the NFI-C (-/-) mice changes the phenotype into osteoblast.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

Nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) null mice demonstrated aberrant odontoblast differentiation and abnormal dentin formation. In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these changes, we evaluated the expression of dentin matrix gene after over-expression and inactivation of NFI-C in MDPC-23 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin (OC), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression was decreased after inactivation of NFI-C. However, bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression was dramatically increased after inactivation of NFI-C. ALP and DMP4 expression was not changed after inactivation of NFI-C. The expression of alkaline phoshatase (ALP) and dentin matrix protein 4 (DMP4) was increased after over-expression of NFI-C, while Col I, OC, DSPP, and BSP expression was decreased. These findings suggest that odontoblasts after loss of NFI-C lost the phenotype of odontoblasts and acquired those of osteoblasts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.476-486
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• 2008

Background: TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a newly identified member of the TNF gene family which appears to have tumor-selective cytotoxicity due to the distinct decoy receptor system. TRAIL has direct access to caspase machinery and induces apoptosis regardless of p53 phenotype. Therefore, TRAIL has a therapeutic potential in lung cancer which frequently harbors p53 mutation in more than 50% of cases. However, it was shown that TRAIL also could activates $NF-{\kappa}B$ in some cell lines which might inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate whether TRAIL can activate $NF-{\kappa}B$ in lung cancer cell lines relatively resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation using proteasome inhibitor MG132 which blocks $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation can sensitize lung cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Methods: A549 (wt p53) and NCI-H1299 (null p53) lung cancer cells were used and cell viability test was done by MTT assay. Apoptosis was confirmed with Annexin V assay followed by FACS analysis. To study $NF-{\kappa}B$-dependent transcriptional activation, a luciferase reporter gene assay was used after making A549 and NCI-H1299 cells stably transfected with IgG ${\kappa}-NF-{\kappa}B$ luciferase construct. To investigate DNA binding of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activated by TRAIL, electromobility shift assay was used and supershift assay was done using anti-p65 antibody. Western blot was done for the study of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation. Results: A549 and NCI-H1299 cells were relatively resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis showing only 20~30% cell death even at the concentration 100 ng/ml, but MG132 ($3{\mu}M$) pre-treatment 1 hour prior to TRAIL addition greatly increased cell death more than 80%. Luciferase assay showed TRAIL-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity in both cell lines. Electromobility shift assay demonstrated DNA binding complex of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activated by TRAIL and supershift with p65 antibody. $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation was proven by western blot. MG132 completely blocked both TRAIL-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ dependent luciferase activity and DNA binding of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusion: This results suggest that inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ can be a potentially useful strategy to enhance TRAIL-induced tumor cell killing in lung cancer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2007

In this paper, we study the position vectors of a spacelike W-curve (or a helix), i.e., curve with constant curvatures, with spacelike, timelike and null principal normal in the Minkowski 3-space $\mathbb{E}_1^3$. We give some characterizations for spacelike W - curves whose image lies on the pseudohyperbolical space $\mathbb{H}_0^2$ and Lorentzian sphere $\mathbb{S}_1^2$ by using the positions vectors of the curve.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2001

As e-commerce has been activated and internet has been used as usual, higher efficient search engine must be used to promote the value of information and take possession of the market place. all e-commerce user seller and buyer want to competitive goods Although these needs, search results are still much to be desired. In this paper, I will suppose two ideas which are abbreviation result and making blacklist. Abbreviation result is to hide results with common factors and making blacklist is to reduce null links of search results, which makes many useless results. This routine is made of making blacklist, check list, reduce list and append list.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 디지털 TV 방송 스트림을 분석, 검증하기 위한 시스템을 PC 상에서 소프트웨어 기반으로 구현하였다. 저장되어 있는 MPEG-2 트란스포트 스트림(transport stream, TS) 파일을 입력으로 받으며 별도의 하드웨어 장치를 사용하지 않는다. 이 분석기는 PSI(program specific information), TS 섹션, TS 헤더 등 기본 내용뿐만 아니라, TS 패킷들을 오디오, 비디오, PCR(program clock reference), 부가 데이터, 널(null) 패킷 등으로 구분하여 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스 통하여 보여 준다. 또한, 현재 표시되고 있는 TS 패킷과 가장 가까운 I 프레임를 디스플레이 해줌으로써 비트스트림 상의 오류 부분과 실제 영상과 쉽게 매칭시킬 수 있도록 해 준다. 본 논문의 분석기는 MPEG-2 비트스트림 적합성 검사 기능도 제공하며, 데이터 방송을 위한 여러 가지 부가 데이터를 MPEG-2 기본 스트림에 삽입하는 기능도 갖고 있다. 본 논문의 분석기를 이용함으로써 저비용으로 방송 스트림을 분석, 검증할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 실험실 연구를 위한 데이터 방송용 비트스트림을 저비용으로 제작할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2014

Based on the kernel function, a new test is presented, testing $H_0:\bar{F}$ is exponential against $H_1:\bar{F}$ is UBACT and not exponential is given in section 2. Monte Carlos null distribution critical points for sample sizes n = 5(5)100 is investigated in section 3. The Pitman asymptotic efficiency for common alternatives is obtained in section 4. In section 5 we propose a test statistic for censored data. Finally, a numerical examples in medical science for complete and censored data using real data is presented in section 6.

• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-30
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• 1999

There have been two opposing views on the structure of the so-called head internal relative construction(HIRC) in Korean/Japanese, i.e., a view that analyzes the HIRC categorially as a nominal projection and functionally as an argument(Kuroda 1992, Watanabe 1992, Hoshi 1996, Jhang 1991/1994, among others) vs. a view that analyzes the HIRC categorially as an adjunct clause and functionally as a non-argument(Murasugi 1994). This paper on the one hand points out several phenomena indicating that Murasugi's analysis is more viable, while on the other hand proposing a more complex structure than Murasugi's to account for other facts as well. The no/kes clause in the HIRC will be analyzed as the complement of a null perception verb whose projection constitutes part of an adjunct clause.