• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.191-201
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• 1991

Given a set of data pxN$_{i}$, matrices X$_{i}$ observed from p-variate normal populations $\prod$$_{i}$~N($\mu$$_{I}$, $\Sigma$$_{i}$) for i=1, …, K, the test for equality form of the covariance matrices is to choose a hypothetical model which best explains the homogeneity/heterogeneity structure across the covariance matrices among the hypothesized class of models. This paper describes a test procedure for selecting the best model. The procedure is based on a synthesis of Bayesian and a cross-validation or sample reuse methodology that makes use of a one-at-a-time schema of observational omissions. Advantages of the test are argued on two grounds, and illustrative examples and simulation results are given.are given.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.126-140
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to design a 'Form of Abduction' which is the 'guide form used in generating hypothesis through abduction', and to analyze the features of the hypotheses generated with the 'Form of Abduction' compared with those generated without any special guide form. Through a review of Peirce's literature regarding the meaning and frame of abduction, a 'Form of Abduction' was designed as a three step format as follows: (i) writing down what is doubted, (ii) wiling tentative explanations which replace what is doubted with what is believed, (iii) writing the tentative explanations as hypotheses. The thirty four pre-service elementary teachers were asked to generate hypotheses without a 'Form of Abduction' at first, and then were asked to do so again using the form. The results of analysing the features of the hypotheses were as follows: in the case of using a 'Form of Abduction', firstly, the types of misunderstanding or mis-adapting the meaning of hypothesis were found to be rare, and secondly, the types of 'giving explanation about the cause of problematic situations through analogical inferencing from the existing knowledge' were found to be double the rate of when no special guide form was used. In conclusion, the hypotheses generated with the 'Form of Abduction' had the features of satisfying the original meaning of hypothesis, i.e. 'explaining the cause of phenomenon and leading to knowledge expansion'. These results also showed that using a 'Form of Abduction', although its form was simple, could be a way of helping students generate hypothesis properly in science classes.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2006

The molecular assembly of p-iodo-phenyl octadecyl ether (I-POE), p-iodo-phenyl docosyl ether (I-PDE) and a binary mixture of these two molecules on graphite has been studied using a scanning tunneling microscope. Each molecular system self-assembles on the graphite surface to form a stable monolayer with a head-to-tail configuration. For the binary system, the I-POE and I-PDE molecules do not mix on the surface, preferring instead to form isolated monolayer domains. Here, the I-POE molecules are preferentially adsorbed on the graphite surface, due to the effects of alkyl chain length and the functional group on the monolayer structure.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.151-162
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• 1993

The author installed $3.75mm\times10mm$ $Br{\aa}nrmark$ osseointegrated implants and $3.5mm\times8mm$ I.T.I. hollow screw implants(Benefit) as a free standing abutment to replace lower left and right molars of 44-year-old female patient. Form the foregoing procedure, the author obtained the following results. 1. Free-standing $Br{\aa}nrmark$ and I.T.I. Hollow screw implants(Benefit) could be used to replace molars effectively without reduction of adjacent natural teeth, 2. Rotation of occlusal gold screw of $Br{\aa}nrmark$ implants was observed under occlusal force. 3. Adjustment of height of I.T.I. abutments was necessary in the mandibular second molar because of the limited occlusal clearance. 4. Form the oral examination, patient comments, panoramic and periapical radiographs, there were no pain, gingival imflammation and mobility, but slight reduction of alveolar bone level was shown around both implant systems. 5. Patient comments were comfortable on both systems. but the patient complained about economic problem of $Br{\aa}nrmark$ system and long treatment treatment time of both systems.

• Archives of design research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-72
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• 1993

Nowadays conmpetltlOn of developing new products is getting keen. We can notice that the role and importance of design are emphasized more than ever.The main cause of this tendency is that technical power is no more a factor which secures the superiority in products competition, as technology is gneneralized in the world. Therefore, design is recognized intensely as a competitive strategy to promote competitive power of products. It is an already known fact that the design for both rational function and charming form to satisfy consumer's desires is a short cut to success, when a company develops a new product to promote competitive power in market. The design which plays a leading role in the activity of developing more cnovenient, more economical and more aesthetic products is called 'Competitive Edge' or 'New Corporate Weapon'. Judging form each company's case of developing products, we can guess that it has its own plan and process of developing new products with defferdnl interest and effort. The strategy of developing products is considered as the most important factor that affects the very existence of rhe company. This thesis is composed of six chapters in all. In the firstchapter, I describe the purpose, method, and scope of study.The second chapter includes the image of form in oil fan heater market in nearby Japan and that of interior in our domestic home and shops, and the trend of word life cycle by analyzing circumstances. The third chapter focuses on consumer's attitude. In the fourth chapter, I compare and test current products of competitive companies including Samsung, Daewoo, Shinilwith those of Gold STar. The trend of products, technique, and design which resulted form this comparison is described. In the fifth chapter I explain the strategy, and process of design of oil fan heater in 1992. The last conclusive chapter presents the major point drawed form the case study, but not includes an estimation of products and the condition of market. In this thesis, I reconsider the general understanding of design and designing process and the value of design as a main factor in the strategy of management by investigating the development of products and the strategy of design, and the process of design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.128-136
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• 1998

A mathematical model for investigating the form generation mechanism in the centerless infeed grinding process is described. For 3-D modeling of form generation, contact points are assumed to be on least squares contact lines at the grinding wheel, regulating wheel, and work-rest blade. Using force and deflection analysis, the validity of this assumption is shown. Based on the 2-D simulation model developed in the previous work and the least squares contact line assumption, a 3-D model is presented. To validate this model, simulation results were compared with the experimental works. The experiments and computer simulations were carried out using three types of cylindrical workpiece shapes with varying flat length. The experimental results agree well with the simulation. It can be seen that the effect of flat end propagated to the opposite end through workpiece reorientation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

In this letter, we derive a tight closed form formula for an ergodic rapacity of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for the application of wireless communications. The derived expression is a simple close-form formula to determine the ergodic capacity of MIMO systems. Assuming the channels are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh flat-fading between antenna pairs, the ergodic capacity can be expressed in a closed form as the finite sum of exponential integrals.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.186-197
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• 1985

Polymorphs of piperacillin monohydrate were prepared by various sedimentation methods from piperacillin base for the purpose of developing piperacillin preparations for oral use. Solubility and dissolution rate of each form of the polymorphs were compared with each other. It was found that Form IV showed the highest solubility and the fastest dissolution rate among four forms of polymorphs. In general, the solubility and dissolution rate of two amorphous forms, Form IV and II were higher than those of two crystal forms, Form I and III. The apparent dissolution rates in the artificial gastric juice within 60 minutes were $0.65{\times}10^{-6}mole{\cdot}min^{-1}\;cm^{-2}$ for From IV, $0.36{\times}10^{-6}mole{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ for From II, $0.30{\times}10^{-6}mole{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ for From III and $0.18{\times}10^{-6}mole{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ for From I, respectively.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2024

This paper examines the complexities and creative opportunities brought about by the transnational circulation of texts specifically in the areas of transmission, consumption, and adaptation. The circulation of texts and along with it creative elements such as generic forms, tropes, and frameworks for consumption form an integral part in the production and advancement of any form of popular culture. In the process of such circulation, adaptation becomes a form of social and political process necessary for domestic palatability. In this paper, I examine how these complexities can be illustrated in the circulation of one emerging popular form in East and Southeast Asia: Boys Love (BL) television and web series. Using the transnational movement of the BL genre from South Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines, I examine how the circulation and adaptations are inflected by considerations related to regional geopolitics and domestic issues concerned with the creative praxis of representing gender and sexuality.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-72
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• 2015

This study aimed to analyze the characteristic of undergraduate students' perception and preference for mathematics. For this purpose, I surveyed 124 undergraduate students' metaphorical expressions about mathematics. I classified the expressions as four categories: a positive form, a negative form, a mixed form, an undecidable form. I investigated the proportion and characteristic of the metaphorical expressions according to the above four categories. Also, I surveyed the students' preference and nonpreference moments for mathematics and categorized them into 6-cases: elementary school, middle school, high school, university, always, and none. In addition, I examined the students' preference and nonpreference reasons for mathematics and classified them according to the 5-factors: grade factor, affective factor, content factor, teacher factor, and other factors. The results of this study as follows: First, the 27% of university students expressed their metaphorical expressions for mathematics as a positive form, 42% as a negative form, and 27% as a mixed form. Also, the preference rate for mathematics was higher as their school years increase and the main reasons of preference were grade and affective factors. The result of nonpreference rate was also higher as their school year increased. Students said that the contents and grade factor were the main factors among the 5-factors.