• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.332-336
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• 1990

Pheochromocytoma occurs at all ages but is most common in young to midadult life. In adults 10 percent of pheochronocytoma are bilateral. And bilateral lesions are common in the familial syndromes; within Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) kindreds over half with pheochromocytomas have bilateral lesions. We report a case of bilateral pheochromocytoma firstly detected by ultrasonogram. This 24-year-old male was normotensive and had symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy and elevated VMA level. CT and MRI were performed to evaluate the tissue nature and associated abnormalities. $^{131}I-MIBG$ scan seems to be the imaging of choice in patients with suspected multicentric/bilateral or recurrent or metastatic pheochromocytomas.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.190.1-190.1
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• 1990

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2006

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) consist of a heterogeneous group of tumors that are able to uptake neuroamine and/or specific receptors, such as somatostatin receptors, which can play important roles of the localization and treatment of these tumors. When considering therapy with radionuclides, the best radioligand should be carefully investigated. $^{131}I$-MIBG and beta-particle emitter labeled somatostatin analogs are well established radionuclide therapy modalities for NETs. $^{111}In,\;^{90}Y\;and\;^{177}Lu$ radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been used for treatment of NETs. Further, radionuclide therapy modalities, for example, radioimmunotherapy, radiolabeled peptides such as minigastrin are currently under development and in different phases of clinical investigation. for all radionuclides used for therapy, long-term and survival statistics are not yet available and only partial tumour responses have been obtained using $^{131}I$-MIBG and $^{111}In$-octreotide. Experimental results using $^{90}Y$-DOTA-lanreotide as well as $^{90}Y-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr^3-octreotide$ and/or $^{177}Lu-DOTA-Tyr^3-octreotate$ have indicated the possible clinical potential of radionuclides receptor-targeted radiotherapy it may be hoped that the efficacy of radionuclide therapy will be improved by co-administration of chemotherapeutic drugs whose antitumoral properties may be synergistic with that of irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 1991

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN type 2, Sipple's syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia and can be diagonsed in early stage of the disease by meticulous screening tests of the family. This case report describes the location and categorization of tumors using $^{99m}Tc-pertechnetate,\;^{131}I-NaI,\;^{99m}Tc-pentavalent(V)$, DMSA $^{131}I-MIBG$ scans in two cases of MEN type 2 occurred in a 32-year old women and her 29-year old brother. In MEN type 2, we think, combined use of $^{99m}Tc-(V)-DMSA,\;^{99m}Tc-pertechnetate\;and\;^{131}I-MIBG$ may be useful for the categorization of tumor mass lesions and planning appropriate therapy.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.210-210
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• 1995

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.37.1-37.1
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• 1998

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.635-643
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• 1995

핵의학(nuclear medicine )이 란 방사성 및 안정 핵종의 동위원소표지 화합물을 인체에 투여하여, 관심장기의 형태 및 기능을 평가하여 해부학적 또는 생리학적 상태를 진단, 치료하는 의학의 전문 분야이다. 핵의학에 이용되던 방사성 핵종은 1960년대 까지만 해도 $^{131}$ I이 주였으나 1970년대 부터는 $^{99}$Mo -$^{99m}$ Tc 발생기와 $^{99m}$ TC으로 표지된 방사성의 약품이 활발히 이용되면서 $^{131}$ I을 대신하게 되었다. 원자로-생산핵종들의 특성은 중성자가 과잉이어 붕괴시 배타입자를 방출하는 점으로, 이것이 각종 질병의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 특히 각종 표시 화합물의 성질을 이용하여 원하는 부위에 방사선을 집중시킬 수 있음이 외부조사보다 유리한 점이다. 방사성핵종을 이용한 악성종양의 치료에 가장 성공적인 것은 분화된 갑상선 암환자에서 $^{131}$ I을 사용한 것이며, 갈색세포종 등에 $^{131}$ I-MIBG도 효과적이다. 악성종양의 골전이 치료에 베타선을 방출하는$^{32}$P, $^{186}$ Re, $^{153}$ Sm 등이 이용되었다. 종양의 동맥에 주입하여 세동맥이나 모세혈관에 걸리는 기름, 교진 또는 입자에 의한 치료에 $^{131}$ I-lipiodol, ethiodol, $^{32}$P 또는$^{90}$ Y흡사 ceramic resin 미소구 $^{166}$ Ho 유산중합체 미소구 등이 이용된다. $^{166}$ Ho, $^{198}$ Au, $^{32}$P, $^{90}$ Y, $^{169}$ Er, $^{186}$ Rc, $^{131}$ I, $^{211}$ At 등 의 방사성 핵종의 교질, 미소구 또는 단세포군 항체표지 형태로 직접 종양내 또는 공동이나 체강에 투여하는 치료법이 있다. 류마치스 관절염의 슬관절에 $^{165}$ Dy colloid를 주사하는 $^{166}$ Ho-MAA도 활발히 이용되고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

We report a 18-year-old man, who has been taking antihypertensive medication for 1month in a local clinic, presented with a sudden onset headache followed by left blindness. He experienced palpitation and chest discomfort during physical exertion since 2years before admission, but unfortunately has been ignored. Brain CT showed intracerebral hemorrhage in the left temporoparietal area, but cerebral angiogram and magnetic resonance image revealed no vascular anomaly. He was managed conservatively, and headache and visual loss were improved over time. Subsequently, on the evaluation of hypertension, he was diagnosed as having extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma on left paraaortic area from the results of endocrinological evaluations, abdominal CT scan, and $^{131}I$-MIBG scintigraphy.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

Purpose: We make a qualitative analysis of whether Fusion SPECT/CT can find lesion's anatomical sites better than existing SPECT or not, and we want to show the usefulness of SPECT/CT through finding out effects of CT attenuation correction on SPECT images. Materials and Method: 1. The evaluation of fusion images: This study comprised patients who was tested $^{131}I$-MIBG, Bone, $^{111}In$-Octreotide, Meckel's diverticulum, Parathyroid MIBI with Precedence 16 or Symbia T2 from 2008 Jan to Aug. We compared SPECT/CT image with non fusion image and make a qualitative analysis. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: We classified 38 patients who was tested 201Tl myocardial exam with Symbia T2 into 5 sections by using Cedars Sinai' QPS program - Ant, Inf, Lat, Septum, Apex. And we showed each section's perfusion states by percentage. We compared the each section's perfusion-states differences between CT AC and Non AC by average${\pm}$standard deviation. Results: 1. The evaluation of fusion images : In high energy $^{131}I$ cases, it was hard to grasp exact anatomical lesions due to difference between regions and surrounding lesions' uptake level. After combining with CT, we could grabs anatomical lesion more exactly. And in meckel's diverticulum case or to find lesions around bowels or organs with $^{111}In$ cases, it demonstrates its superiority. Bone SPECT/CT images help to distinguish between disk spaces certainly and give correct results. 2. The evaluation of attenuation correction: There is no significant difference statistically in Ant and Lat (p>0.05), but there is a meaningful difference in Inferior, Apex and Septum (p<0.05). AC perfusion at inferior wall in the 5 sections of myocardium: The perfusion difference between Non AC perfusion image ($68.58{\pm}7.55$) and CT corrected perfusion image ($76.84{\pm}6.52$) was the largest by $8.26{\pm}4.95$ (p<0.01, t=10.29). Conclusion: Nuclear medicine physicians can identify not only molecular image which shows functional activity of lesions but also anatomical location information of lesions with more accuracy using the combination of SPECT and CT systems. Of course this combination helps nuclear medicine physician find out the abnormal parts. Moreover combined data sets help separate between normal group and abnormal group in complicated body part. So clinicians can carry out diagnosis and treatment planning at the same time with a single test image. In addition, when we examine a myocardium in thorax where attenuation can occur easily, we can trust perfusion more in a certain region in SPECT test because CT provides the capability for accurate attenuation correction. In these reasons, we think we can prove the justice after treatment fusion image.