• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2020

In this paper, an improved experience-based learning algorithm (EBL), termed as IEBL, is proposed to solve the nonlinear hysteretic parameter identification problem with Bouc-Wen model. A quasi-opposition-based learning mechanism and new updating equations are introduced to improve both the exploration and exploitation abilities of the algorithm. Numerical studies on a single-degree-of-freedom system without/with viscous damping are conducted to investigate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm. A laboratory test of seven lead-filled steel tube dampers is presented and their hysteretic parameters are also successfully identified with normalized mean square error values less than 2.97%. Both numerical and laboratory results confirm that, in comparison with EBL, CMFOA, SSA, and Jaya, the IEBL is superior in nonlinear hysteretic parameter identification in terms of convergence and accuracy even under measurement noise.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

This paper describes an analytical study on nonlinear hysteretic behavior of hybrid steel beam with reinforced concrete ends. Two types of analytical model, Polygonal Model[PM] and Hybrid Model[HM], were used to represent the nonlinear hysteretic behavior PM used three parameters, HM used an additional parameter to consider the initial stiffness reduction. The parameters calibrated comparing the hysteretic performance obtained from experiments. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical model which can take into account the initial stiffness reduction of the hybrid members and to represent exactly the hysteretic performance for the hybrid structures with RC and steel. The analytical study showed PM tends to overestimate initial stiffness and strength. However, HM which is capable to consider the initial stiffness reduction gave good prediction on initial stiffness, post-yielding performance, strength, pinching response and so on.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2017

For energy-based seismic design, a simplified normalized cumulative hysteretic energy spectrum proposed for obtaining hysteretic energy as energy demand is the main objective in this paper. The dimensionless parameter, ${\beta}_{Eh}$, is presented to express hysteretic energy indirectly. The ${\beta}_{Eh}$ spectrum is constructed directly through subtracting the hysteretic energy of single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system energy equation. The simplified ${\beta}_{Eh}$ spectral formulation as well as pseudo-acceleration spectrum of modern seismic provisions is developed based on the regression analysis of the large number of seismic responses of SDOF system subjected to earthquake excitations, which considers the influence of earthquake event, soil type, damping ratio, and ductility factor. The relationship between PGV and PGA is established according to the statistical analysis relied on a total of 422 ground motion records. The combination of ${\beta}_{Eh}$ spectrum and PGV/PGA equation allows determining the cumulative hysteretic energy as a main aseismic design indicator.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.319-342
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• 2008

Identification of the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of a reinforced concrete (RC) bridge pier subjected to earthquake loads is carried out based on acceleration measurements of the earthquake motion and bridge responses. The modified Takeda model is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of the RC pier with a small number of parameters, in which the nonlinear behavior is described in logical forms rather than analytical expressions. Hence, the modified extended Kalman filter is employed to construct the state transition matrix using a finite difference scheme. The sequential modified extended Kalman filter algorithm is proposed to identify the unknown parameters and the state vector separately in two steps, so that the size of the problem for each identification procedure may be reduced and possible numerical problems may be avoided. Mode superposition with a modal sorting technique is also proposed to reduce the size of the identification problem for the nonlinear dynamic system with multi-degrees of freedom. Example analysis is carried out for a continuous bridge with a RC pier subjected to earthquake loads in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2019

Hysteretic energy is defined as energy dissipated through inelastic deformations during a ground motion by the system. It includes frequency content and duration of ground motion as two remarkable parameters, while these characteristics are not seen in displacement spectrum. Since maximum displacement individually cannot be the appropriate criterion for damage assessment, hysteretic energy has been evaluated in this research as a more comprehensive seismic demand parameter. An innovative methodology has been proposed to establish a new equivalent linear model to estimate hysteretic energy spectrum for bilinear SDOF models under two different sets of earthquake excitations. Error minimization has been defined in the space of equivalent linearization concept, which resulted in equivalent damping and equivalent period as representative parameters of the linear model. Nonlinear regression analysis was carried out for predicting these equivalent parameter as a function of ductility. The results also indicate differences between seismic demand characteristics of far-field and near-field ground motions, which are not identified by most of previous equations presented for predicting seismic energy. The main advantage of the proposed model is its independency on parameters related to earthquake and response characteristics, which has led to more efficiency as well as simplicity. The capability of providing a practical energy based seismic performance evaluation is another outstanding feature of the proposed model.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2014

최근 전통적 초음파기법이 탐상할 수 없는 잠닉손상을 평가할 수 있는 잠재적 기술로서 비선형 초음파기법들에 대한 많은 관심이 있다. 비선형 초음파기법중 하나인 공진주파수 변화를 이용하는 기법은 재료의 탄성영역에서의 이력에 근거한 기술이다. 공진주파수의 변화량이 아주 작기 때문에 정교한 공진주파수 측정장치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 비선형 전자기음향공진기법을 적용하였다. 비선형 전자기음향공진기법은 비접촉 EMAT 센서를 사용하기 때문에 재료의 주파수 응답에 영향을 최소화할 수 있다. 3점 굽힘 피로시험을 한 알루미늄판 시편에 횡파 EMAT으로 실험을 실시하였다. 전압을 여러 레벨로 인가하며 공진을 발생시켜 잠닉손상측정에 중요한 요인중 하나인 이력 비선형 파라미터 ${\alpha}$를 공진주파수 변화로부터 산출하였다. 비손상시편과 손상시편에서의 측정된 이력 비선형 인자의 값이 서로 차이가 남을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.431-457
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• 2010

This article provides a discussion of the mathematic modeling of connections for designing and qualifying structures, systems, and components subject to monotonic or cyclic loading. To characterize the force-deformation behavior of connections under monotonic loading, a review of the Ramberg-Osgood, Richard-Abbott, and Menegotto-Pinto models is conducted, and it is shown that these nonlinear functions can be mathematically derived by scaling up or down a linear force-deformation function. A generalized four-parameter model for simulating connection behavior is investigated to facilitate nonlinear regression analysis. In order to perform seismic analysis of frameworks, a hysteretic model accounting for loading, unloading, and reloading is described using the established monotonic model. For preliminary analysis, a method is provided to quickly determine the model parameters that fit approximately with the observed data. To reach more accurate values of the parameters, the methods of nonlinear regression analysis are investigated and the modified Levenberg-Marquardt and separable nonlinear least-square algorithms are applied in determining the model parameters. Example case studies illustrate the procedure for the computation through the use of experimental/analytical data taken form the literature. Transformation of connection curves from the three-parameter model to the four-parameter model for structural analysis is conducted based on the modeling of connections subject to fire.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.315-326
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• 2018

This paper presents a novel time-domain method for the identification of plastic rotations and stiffness parameters of single-bay frames with nonlinear plastic hinges. Each plastic hinge is modelled as a pseudo-semi-rigid connection with nonlinear hysteretic moment-curvature characteristics at an element end. Through the comparison of the identified end rotations of members that are connected together, the plastic rotation that furnishes information of the locations and plasticity degrees of plastic hinges can be identified. The force consideration of the frame members may be used to relate the stiffness parameters to the elastic rotations and the excitation. The damped-least-squares method and damped-and-weighted-least-squares method are adopted to estimate the stiffness parameters of frames. A noise-removal strategy employing a de-noising technique based on wavelet packets with a smoothing process is used to filter out the noise for the parameter estimation. The numerical examples show that the proposed method can identify the plastic rotations and the stiffness parameters using measurements with reasonable level of noise. The unknown excitation can also be estimated with acceptable accuracy. The advantages and disadvantages of both parameter estimation methods are discussed.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 비선형 음향효과를 기반으로 한 비선형 공진기법을 도입하여 콘크리트의 배합비 및 화재 손상 조건(노출온도, 손상 후 경과기간)이 화재 손상 콘크리트에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 도입된 비선형 공진기법을 통해 기존 선형 탄성파 기반 평가 기법 대비 향상된 민감도를 나타내는 비선형인자를 측정하였으며, 쪼갬 인장강도 측정을 통해 배합비 및 화재 손상 조건에 따른 콘크리트의 잔존재료물성 평가를 수행하였다. 얻어진 결과를 토대로 배합비, 노출온도, 손상 후 경과기간이 화재 손상 콘크리트에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 추가적으로 쪼갬 인장강도비와 비선형인자의 직접적인 관계를 제시하였으며, 비선형 공진기법을 이용한 화재 손상 콘크리트의 잔존 강도 추정에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.683-697
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• 2019

The reinforced concrete (RC) structures usually suffer large residual displacements under strong motions. The large residual displacements may substantially reduce the anti-seismic capacity of structures during the aftershock and increase the difficulty and cost of structural repair after an earthquake. To reduce the adverse residual displacement, several self-centering energy dissipation braces (SCEBs) have been proposed to be installed to the RC structures. To investigate the seismic responses of the RC structures with SCEBs under the earthquake excitation, an extended Bouc-Wen model with degradation and self-centering effects is developed in this study. The extended model realized by MATLAB/Simulink program is able to capture the hysteretic characteristics of the RC structures with SCEBs, such as the energy dissipation and the degradation, especially the self-centering effect. The predicted hysteretic behavior of the RC structures with SCEBs based on the extended model, which used the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for parameter identification, is compared with the experimental results. Comparison results show that the predicted hysteretic curves can be in good agreement with the experimental results. The nonlinear dynamic analyses using the extended model are then carried out to explore the seismic performance of the RC structures with SCEBs. The analysis results demonstrate that the SCEB can effectively reduce the residual displacements of the RC structures, but slightly increase the acceleration.