• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 1996

Hypoglycemic effect of Tabebuia avellandae was investigated in the streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v.). Rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups: normal, STZ-control, hexane fr., CHCl$_3$fr., BuOH fr. and $H_2O$ fr. group. Normal and STZ-control rats received 3% Tween 80 only. Four groups of diabetic rats were administered orally at doses of 100, 400, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day of hexane, CHC1$_3$, BuOH and $H_2O$ fr. respectively. Fractions were administered orally to the rats for 7 days after STZ injection. All rats were anesthetized with ether, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for clinical chemistry and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Liver, kidney, heart and spleen were removed, weighed and analyzed. We measured glucose, protein, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma and glycogen, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in liver. The extent of blood glucose decrement in rats administered $H_2O$ fraction was greater than that in the STZ-control rats. The serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered by administration of $H_2O$ fraction compared with those of STZ-control group. Treatment of rats with Tabebuia avellandae fractions caused decreases in STZ-induced elevation of cholesterol and triglyceride. Liver triglyceride level was significantly lowered hexane and BuOH fraction group compared with STZ-control group. These results suggest that $H_2O$ fraction of Tabebuia avellandae has the hypoglycemic action against STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.198-209
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• 1992

The decreased activities of liver enzymes relating to carbohydrate metabolism such as glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA carboxylase of streptozotocin injected rats were significantly modified by the intraperitoneal injection of ginseng saponin mixture and/or purified ginsenosides. However, several enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme and glycogen phosphorylase were not modified appreciably by the saponin administration, suggesting that the effect of ginseng saponin might be depend upon individual enzymes. Examination of liver enzymes by liver professing technique using perfusion buffer containing saponin (10-3%) showed that the ginseng saponin might stimulate insulin biosynthesis as well as the related enzyme activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 1990

The present study was performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic mechanism of brazilin. Brazilin significantly reduced plasma glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetie rats and this effect seems to be mediated by extrapancratic effects rather than by pacreatic effect because no significant changes were observed in plasma insulin levels. The rates of glycogen synthesis, glycolysis and glucose oxidation in soleus muscle were markedly increased following brazilin treatment to diabetic animals. Glucose transport seemed to be increased by the treatment of brazilin. Brazilin did not affect insulin binding to muscles from streptozotiocin induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that potentiation of periopheral glucose utilization may be one of the major causes of hypoglucemic action of brazilin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the hypoglycemic and kidney protective effect of black ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by treating mice with streptozotocin (STZ) for four weeks. In vivo studies were performed in order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) extract. The body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Moreover, after the mice were sacrificed, the kidneys were isolated and histological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of black ginseng increased body weight. Compared to blood glucose levels in STZ mice, blood glucose levels were reduced by 48% in STZ mice supplemented with 300 mg/kg of black ginseng, and by 69% in STZ mice supplemented with 900 mg/kg. Furthermore, histopathological examination of STZ mouse kidneys revealed, changes in the kidneys, epithelial cell damages, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerulus hypertrophy. However, a significant reduction of glomerular water droplets (indicative of glomerulus hypertrophy) was observed in the kidneys of STZ mice supplemented with black ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that black prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance and renal protective agents as part of dietary supplements or novel drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.951-957
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• 2004

Hypoglycemic effect of Prunus mume (PM) extract containing in Sangjinyangheul-tang and Hwangkeumtang, one of the diabetic herbal medicines, was determined by investigating insulin-like action, insulin sensitizing action and a-glucoamylase suppressing action. Insulin-like activity of 3T3-L1 fibroblast was not shown with the treatment of PM methanol extracts. However, treatment with 20% or 40% PM methanol extracts and differentiation inducers significantly decreased the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes. A significant insulin sensitizing activity was observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, giving PM extracts (60%, 80% and 100%) with 1 ng/mL insulin to reach glucose uptake level increased by 50 ng/mL of insulin alone. In addition, 20% and 40% methanol extracts of PM suppressed the a-glucoamylase activity by 30% in vitro. However, there was no significant differences in the peak of serum glucose levels and area under the curve in Sprague Dawley male rats treated with PM ethanol extract or cellulose and 2 g maltose or dextrin/kg body weight. These data suggested that PM extracts contain effective insulin sensitizing compounds, lipid synthesis suppressing compounds and possibly a-glucoamylase suppressing compounds. Therefore, PM extracts are beneficial for anti-diabetic treatment in obese diabetic patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 1995

Mori Folium(MF) methanol extract and its water soluble fraction showed significant blood glucose lowering effects alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice. Their hypoglycemic activities seemed to nothing to do with the stimulation of insulin release or insulin-like action, according to our experiments. On the other hand, MF prevents the hyperglycemic responses from an oral load of starch and glucose in vivo. Since complex carbohydrates present in a diet must be degraded to monosaccharides by $\alpha$-glucohydrolase before being absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it is thought that blood glucose lowering effects of MF may be related to the inhibition of $\alpha$-glucohydrolase catalyzed enzymatic reaction. In addition, experiments that examined an effect of MF water soluble fraction on gastrointestinal movement showed no significant GI movement inhibitory effect. In conclusion, MF water soluble fraction may possess active component which is a potential candidate as an orally active agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1992

Hydroxybrazilin was examined for its effects on glycogen synthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. At 10-6 M hydroxybrazilin, glycogen synthesis was increased in basal state, but not in insulin stimulated state. However, any signiFicant changes were nor observed at 10-5 M hydroxybrazilin in both states. The glycogen synthesis was rather suppressed at 10-5M hydroxybrazilin. It was also observed that hydroxybrazilin increased insulin sensitivity but not insulin responsiveness at 10-5M concentration. These results suggest that hydroxybrazilin might exert hypoglycemic action through its effects on insulin receptor and post receptor events.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2008

The defatted methanol extract of bark of Diospyros malabarica (DM) at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. showed significant hypoglycemic activity on normal rats. The extract also exerted significant antihyperglycemic effect in alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and resulted in increase in plasma protein content and decrease in alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared with those in the diabetic control group. However there were no significant changes in body and kidney weights of the DM extract-treated animals, compared to those of the untreated diabetic rats as a control. However, the DM extract showed a potential antioxidant activity by increasing catalase activity and reducing lipid peroxidation in liver. The results demonstrate antidiabetic activity of the defatted methanol extract of DM bark.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.342.3-343
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• 2002

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia. and impaired insulin action. Insulin resistance is considered to be the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. which also leads to dyslipidemia, hypertension. and obesity. Thazolidinediones are a class of oral insulin-sensitizing agents that improve glucose utilization without increasing insulin release. They significantly reduce glucose, lipid and insulin levels in rodent models of NIDDM and obesity, and recent clinical data support theri efficacy in obese diabetic patients. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 1993

An antihyperglycemic compound in a model of alloxan induced diabetic rats was isolated from the root bark of Aralia elata. The compound identified to be oleanolic acid $28-O-{\beta}-_D-glucopyranoside$ was active at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. in the rats. It also has increased the contents of liver glycogen which were lowered by injection of alloxan in the rats.