• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.578-587
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• 2020

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is a Gram (+), anaerobic, spore forming, rod shaped bacterium that can produce toxin. The objective of this study is to reveal the presence of C. difficile in meat products, to analyze the ribotype diversity by PCR and to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains. The organism was isolated in 22 out of 319 (6.9%) examined meat product samples and 9 out of 22 (40.9%) isolates were identified as RT027 and all isolates had the ability of toxin production. In terms of antibiotic susceptibility, all isolates were susceptive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline and vancomycin and 21 (95.4%) isolates to metronidazole. On the other hand, imipenem and cefotaxim resistance was observed in all. In conclusion, the results of this comprehensive study conducted in Turkey deduced the presence of C. difficile in different meat products. Therefore, these products can be evaluated as a potential contamination source of C. difficile from animals to humans especially for elders, youngsters, long terms wide spectrum antibiotic used and immuno-suppressed individuals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2002

This study carried out to evaluate TMDI(theoretical maximum daily intake) and EDI(estimated daily intake) for Korean by using MRLs, food intake, residue data, and correction factors and compare with ADI(acceptable daily intake) in order to estimate the health risk based on the pesticide exposure.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.955-968
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the oral health behavior according to perceived oral symptoms in the elderly. Methods: The data were obtained from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). Data were analyzed by complex sample frequency t test, one-way ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$ test, and general analysis. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and perceived oral symptoms. Results: Those who had higher education tended to brush teeth regularly. The use of oral hygiene product was also high in higher educated elderly and higher income. Those with good oral health perception showed regular toothbrushing habit. Those with good chewing and mastication used oral hygiene products. Male tended to have regular dental checkup. Those having spouse, higher income, younger age, regular dental checkup had good chewing ability. Poor oral health perception, toothache, and chewing difficulty were the main cause of dental visit (p<0.05). Conclusions: The elderly with poor perceived oral symptoms showed lower level of oral hygiene care. They tended to visit dental clinics only when they had oral symptoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2001

This study was carried out to monitor suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides and industrial organic chemicals among circulated agricultural products in the north area of Seoul in 2001. Procymidone, vinclozolin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos and pendimetaline (pesticides) and butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) were certified by GC-MS. Detected 6 pesticides were remained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants with $3\%$ detected. Butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) used for green house cover stuffs was contained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants not in the fruits and cereals with $43\%$ detected. In the same agricultural products containing butylated hydroxy toluene showed same detection tendency with remaining endocrine disrupting pesticides.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.399-407
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• 2012

Objectives : Purpose of this research is to determined the general knowledge on oral health and the usage of oral hygiene products in the orthodontic patients and try to provide an appropriate oral hygiene products for the patients. Methods : Orthodontic patients who visited a dental clinic in Daejeon were selected and data from 352 patients were collected. Questionnaire based on survey was conducted from 1st of March to 30th in 2011 and all the data was analysed by using SPSS statistical program (VER 15.0). Frequency analysis, $x^2$ test, T-test and the amount of diurnal variance analysis (one-way ANOVA) were also used. After that, scheffe's post-test method was conducted. Results : According to the general characteristics of oral health care knowledge score was $2.87{\pm}0.60$, the attitude score was $2.96{\pm}0.57$. toothbrush replacement cycle were less than 3 months (p=0.007, p=0.000) and frequency of brushing one day more than three times higher in patients with knowledge to help attitude. according to the sex, age, and duration of orthodontic treatment with oral hygiene devices of usage was higher in the calibration toothbrush usage, awareness was higher in the interdental toothbrushes. according to the type of orthodontic devices from the oral hygiene devices usage, removable group was the orthodontic toothbrush and electric toothbrush group were highest in the 'unknown', the fixed group was orthodontic toothbrush(67.3%) and electric toothbrushes(40.8%) was higher in the usage. Patients who used oral hygiene devices such as orthodontic tooth brush, interdental brush, electric toothbrush, water pik and fern solution showed wider knowledge on oral health care and oral hygiene devices compared to patients who answered as does not aware of oral hygiene devices and never used these products before. Conclusions : Orthodontic patient's oral health attitudes, knowledge, and oral hygiene devices usage are the general characteristics of the highest in the orthodontic toothbrush usage, awareness was higher in the interdental brush. Water pik and fern solution, rubber and gingival interdental stimulator turned massage does not use or low. Based on results from research, overall orthodontic patients who visited a dental clinic had low awareness and usage of oral hygiene devices. Therefore, it is required to educate general publics and the orthodontic patients and also promote the importance of usage of oral hygiene devices.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

Due to the nature of HMR food that is susceptible to contamination, its safety management is becoming more important. The relevant food types in food code corresponding to HMR foods are addressed, and the criteria for hygiene indicator bacteria and food poisoning bacteria, and storage and distribution standards according to the product type were presented. The government's safety management for HMR foods is basically carried out through the Food Sanitation Act. Those who intend to do HMR business must complete business registration or declaration, hygiene education, health examination of employees, and comply with legal obligations such as HACCP application. The government confirms compliance with legal requirements through hygiene inspection and monitoring inspection of products. However, the safety of HMR foods is not realized by the safety management system alone. A food safety culture should be established in which industry workers and consumers carry out actions to ensure food safety.

• Safe Food
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.175-177
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• 2001

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1996

This study is performed to identify the contents of nitrosamine in meat (beef, pork) and meat product (ham, bacon, sausage) by gas chromatograph-thermal energy analyzer. The author also determained the formation of nitrosamine in these products when they were cooked in frying pan at 21$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 minutes and microwave for 45 and 75 seconds. N-ni-trosodimethylamine (NDMA) analysis was impossible in the most products because of their impurieties. On the other hand, N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) of 0~9.4 ug/kg in meat and 0~15.6 ug/kg in meat products were detected, respectively. When meat and meat products were cooked, generally contents of NDMA and NPYR have a tendency to be increased a little. Meat and product being cooked in microwave rather than frying pan, contents of NDMA and NPYR were detected more. Especially, in sausage contained much flsh, contents of NDMA was detected more.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.995-1004
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to provide basic data for oral health promotion in national basic livelihood security. Methods : The data were extracted from the 4th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2007-2009) in Korea. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. to $x^2$-test and CSGLM. Results : 1. The subjects were not able to receive dental treatment because of the financial difficulty. 2. The infuencing factors of DMFT include gender (p<0.05), type of health insurance (p<0.05), membership for private health insurance (p<0.05), frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.05), use of oral hygiene products (p<0.01), smoking (p<0.05), drinking (p<0.05). The influencing factors of CPI include gender (p<0.01) and smoking (p<0.05). The influencing factors of fixed bridge include age (p<0.05), income (p<0.05) and use of accessory oral hygiene products (p<0.05). The influencing factors of fixed bridge include age (p<0.001), income (p<0.01), education (p<0.001), type of health insurance (p<0.001), membership for private health insurance (p<0.001), frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.01), use of oral hygiene products (p<0.01), and drinking (p<0.05). Conclusions : It is necessary to provide oral health care and health promotion to the recipients of National basic livelihood security. The government must give them better quality of dental health care in the near future.